CZ2004545A3 - Non-bladed machine for liquids - Google Patents

Abstract

A bladeless fluid machine that contains a stator (1) in which a bladeless rotor (2) of a rotationally symmetrical shape is installed. Between the stator and rotor there is a coaxial channel (7). The stator (1) is equipped with at least one fluid inlet (8) and at least one fluid outlet (5) while the fluid outlet (5) is positioned away from the fluid inlet (8) in the direction of the axis of the bladeless rotor (2). The fluid inlet (8) is connected tangentially to the stator (1) and the coaxial channel (7) has the shape of a diffuser at least in part of its length.

Description

Bladeless fluid machine

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a bladeless fluid machine comprising a stator in which a bladeless rotor of rotationally symmetrical shape is rotatably mounted in an axis and a coaxial channel is formed between the stator and the rotor and the stator has at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet. in the direction of the bladeless rotor axis from the fluid inlet.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

From the Czech patent CZ 284483 and the international application PCT / CZ97 / 00034, published under WO 98/17910, a bladeless fluid machine is known which has a bladeless rotor rotationally symmetrical in its stator. The bladeless rotor is mounted in the stator such that when the fluid is supplied to the stator, the rotor is deflected from a central position, abuts against the inner wall of the stator and starts to rotate in a circular manner on the inner wall of the stator.

The same principle is applied to the rotary tool hydraulic motor described in Czech Utility Model No. 7606 and International Application PCT / CZ98 / 00013, published under WO 99/61790. Also, this hydraulic motor has a bladeless rotor mounted in the stator so that when the fluid is supplied to the stator, the rotor is deflected from the central position, abuts against the inner wall of the stator and starts to rotate circularly on the inner wall of the stator.

A common disadvantage of the above embodiments is that the bladeless rotor cannot be supported on an axially mounted rigid shaft, since such a simple bearing would not allow the rotor to be deflected from the central position and rolled along the inner wall of the stator.

From the author's certificate No. 941 665 of the former USSR is known a hydraulic motor, which consists of a rectifier channel in which the confusor is formed. A ball rotor is mounted on the shaft of the confuser. The rotor is connected to a starter motor.

When starting, the shaft and therefore the spherical rotor are first rotated by means of a starter motor. The flow of liquid which flows around the ball from all sides in the confusor is thus rotated. The flow of liquid rotating in the confusor then maintains the rotation of the spherical rotor due to friction between the liquid and the surface of the spherical rotor.

However, the disadvantage of this embodiment is that the hydraulic motor cannot be started without the auxiliary starter motor.

From another author's certificate No. 1701971 of the former USSR is known a similar hydraulic motor, in which the starting engine is replaced by screw blades, stored in the confusor.

Also in this embodiment, the hydraulic motor cannot be started without an auxiliary trigger device, in this case formed by screw blades.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Said drawbacks are eliminated by a bladeless fluid machine comprising a stator in which a bladeless rotor of rotationally symmetrical shape is rotatably mounted in axis and a coaxial channel is formed between the stator and the rotor and the stator is provided with at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet. in the direction of the axis of the bladeless rotor away from the fluid inlet, according to the invention, characterized in that the fluid inlet is tangentially connected to the stator and the coaxial channel has at least part of its length in the shape of a diffuser.

An advantage of the bladeless fluid machine of the invention is that it does not need any auxiliary rotary drive and yet can have a simple rotor bearing. The diffuser-shaped coaxial channel allows optimum use of the energy of the supplied fluid.

- 3 -

In a preferred embodiment, the fluid inlet is formed by a nozzle, which may advantageously be provided with direction control and / or flow control.

In a preferred embodiment, the bladeless rotor is mounted on a rigid shaft.

It is also advantageous if the bladeless rotor has an elongated shape and its diameter decreases in a / direction from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet.

Overview of the drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a first embodiment of a bladeless fluid machine according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a bladeless fluid machine according to the invention. Figure 3 is an axial view of the embodiment of Figure 2; Giant. Figures 4 to 13 show schematically various shapes of rotors and stators and hence coaxial channels.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The bladeless fluid machine of FIG. 1 has a stator 1 of cylindrical shape. In the stator 1, a bladeless rotor 2 of rotationally symmetrical shape is mounted on the rigid shaft 3 in axis. A coaxial channel 7 is provided between the stator 1 and the rotor 2 for free fluid flow. The shaft 3 is mounted at both ends in the stator 1 in the bearings 6, so that the bladeless rotor 2 is mounted rotatably in the stator 1.

The term "bladeless rotor of rotationally symmetrical shape" for the purposes of the present invention means a body whose axis of rotation is simultaneously its axis of symmetry, i. The rotor has the same shape of cut in all planes along the axis of symmetry. Of course, the forming curve, the rotation of which determines the shape of the outer surface of the rotor, may have any shape.

The stator 1 has a fluid inlet 8 at one end and a fluid outlet 5 at the other end. It is clear that both fluid inlets 8 and so on

There may be several fluid outlets 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the fluid inlet 8 is one and is formed by a tangentially connected nozzle 4, while the fluid outlets 5 are several. Fluid outlets 5 in this embodiment are arranged both in the front wall of the stator JL _| and on the other hand in the stator housing 1, near said stator front wall i.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the bladeless rotor 2 has a truncated cone shape and since the inner surface of the stator 1 has a cylindrical shape, a coaxial channel 7 is formed between the stator 1 and the rotor 2 and widens in the fluid flow direction to form a diffuser and the tilt of the stator casing 1 is zero and the tilt angle β of the rotor casing 2 is positive (see Fig. 4).

The frustoconical bladeless rotor 2 is mounted in the stator 1 such that the largest diameter of the bladeless rotor 2 is arranged on the fluid inlet side 8 and the smallest bladeless rotor diameter 2 is arranged on the fluid outlet side.

The nozzle 4 of the fluid inlet 8 extends into the stator 1 tangentially at a location between the largest diameter of the bladeless rotor 2 and the adjacent front wall of the stator 1.

Nozzle 4 may be provided with nozzle direction control (4) and / or fluid flow control through nozzle 4 (not shown). Many designs of nozzle direction control and fluid flow control through nozzles are well known and will not be described in detail.

In the embodiment of the invention, the rotation of the nozzle 4 in the range up to 45 ° in all directions is useful.

The pressure fluid supplied by the fluid inlet 8 to the stator 1 describes a tangential path along the inner wall of the stator 1, gradually entering the coaxial channel 7 between the stator 1 and the rotor 2, rotating the rotor 2 and subsequently exiting the stator 1 through the outlets 5. diffuser shape ensures optimum use of energy flowing through the fluid, because in the diffuser there is a favorable formation of boundary layers, which significantly contribute to the application

- 5 characteristic phenomenon, the nature of which is defined by the following mathematical equations.

The fluid flow between the rotor casing 2 and the inner wall of the stator 1 mathematically models a system of equations for a viscous compressible flow consisting of a continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations, and an energy equation. These equations result from the laws of conservation of continuity, momentum and energy.

For three-dimensional flow, this system can be described as follows:

For symmetrical three-dimensional flow, this system can be described as follows:

In practical tests, measurements were made on the bladeless fluid machine of Figure 1, whose cylindrical stator 1 had an outside diameter of 41 mm and an inside diameter of 34.5 mm. The bevelless cone-shaped rotor 2 used had a maximum diameter of 33 mm, a minimum diameter of 29.8 mm and a length of 32 mm. The fluid supplied was pressurized air from a pressurized vessel in which a pressure of 380 to 420 kPa was maintained. Using the fluid flow control through the nozzle 4 (not shown), the rotor 2 speed was 2800 to 3650 rpm and the power was 135 to 270 W.

In the embodiment described above, air has been used as the propellant, but generally all fluids can be used.

The bladeless fluid machine of Fig. 2 (side view) and Fig. 3 (axial view) differs from the embodiment of Fig. 1 only in that the stator 1 is not cylindrical, but like a rotor 2 is frustoconical. Even in this case, however, the coaxial channel 7 forms a diffuser, since the angle α of the stator jacket 1 is smaller than the angle β of inclination

-6 of the rotor housing 2 (see also FIG. 5). In Figures 2 and 3 it is indicated that the nozzle 4 can be turned in all directions.

The operation of the bladeless fluid machine of FIGS. 2 and 3 is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. 1 described above.

Of course, the bladeless rotor 2 need not only have a truncated cone shape, as shown in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3. The only condition is that the bladeless rotor 2 shape is rotationally symmetrical.

In general, it is preferred that the bladeless rotor 2 have an elongated shape and that its diameter decrease in the direction of flow from the fluid inlet 8 to the fluid outlet 5. However, as shown in the variants of FIGS. 6 and 7, other embodiments are possible. However, the stator 1 must be shaped such that the coaxial channel 7 forms a diffuser over at least a portion of its length.

6 to 13, further examples of possible embodiments of stator 1 and rotor 2 are shown in detail.

The embodiment according to FIG. 6 has a cylindrical-shaped rotor 2 and the stator 1 has a conical shape, the diameter of which widens in the flow direction. Thus, the coaxial channel 7 between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 forms a diffuser.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, both the rotor 2 and the stator 1 have the shape of a cone whose diameter widens in the direction of wear. However, the inclination angle α of the stator casing 1 is greater than the inclination angle β of the rotor casing 2 so that the coaxial channel 7 between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 forms a diffuser.

The embodiment of FIG. 8 is similar to that of FIG. 5, wherein the embodiment of FIG. 8 differs from that of FIG. 5 in that the stator 1 has the shape of a tapered cone only over a portion of its length and is cylindrical at the end. Thus, the coaxial channel 7 between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 forms a diffuser over a portion of its length, but this is sufficient for machine operation.

The embodiment of FIG. 9 differs from that of FIG. 8 only in that the cylindrical end has not only a stator 1 but also a rotor 2. Thus, the coaxial channel 7 between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 also forms a diffuser only over a portion of its length.

The first section (relative to the flow direction) of the coaxial channel 7 between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 in the embodiment of Figs. 10 and 11 has the shape of a confusor and only the subsequent section of the coaxial channel 7 has the shape of a diffuser. As already mentioned, it is sufficient for the function of the bladeless fluid machine to have the coaxial channel 7 having the shape of a diffuser over at least a portion of its length.

In the above-described exemplary embodiments of the bladeless fluid machine according to the invention, the stators 1 and rotors 2 of the rotating shape have been described, the generating curves of which were straight lines, respectively. broken lines. Of course, the forming curve, the rotation of which determines the shape of the outer surface of the rotor 2, respectively. of the inner surface of the stator 1 can have essentially any shape (both convex and concave). Examples of such embodiments are shown in Figs. 12 and 13. The only condition is that the coaxial channel 7 has a diffuser shape at least over a portion of its length.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS A bladeless fluid machine comprising a stator (1) in which a bladeless rotor (2) is rotatably mounted in a rotationally symmetrical shape and a coaxial channel (7) and a stator (1) are formed between the stator (1) and the rotor (2). is provided with at least one fluid inlet (8) and at least one fluid outlet (5), the fluid outlet (5) being spaced along the axis of the bladeless rotor (2) from the fluid inlet (8), characterized in that the inlet (8) The coaxial channel (7) has the shape of a diffuser at least in part of its length. A bladeless fluid machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid inlet (8) is formed by a nozzle (4). A bladeless fluid machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzle (4) is provided with direction of rotation control and / or flow control. Bladeless fluid machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bladeless rotor (2) is mounted on a rigid shaft (3). A bladeless fluid machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bladeless rotor (2) has an elongated shape and its diameter decreases in the direction from the fluid inlet (8) to the fluid outlet (5).