CS245156B1 - Method of complex treatment of plant raw materials - Google Patents
Method of complex treatment of plant raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CS245156B1 CS245156B1 CS837586A CS758683A CS245156B1 CS 245156 B1 CS245156 B1 CS 245156B1 CS 837586 A CS837586 A CS 837586A CS 758683 A CS758683 A CS 758683A CS 245156 B1 CS245156 B1 CS 245156B1
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Abstract
Rešenie sa týká spósobu komplexného spracovania rastlinpých surovin. Jeho podstata spočívá v tom, ze na tuhy zbytok získaný po hydrolýze rastlinných surovin minerálnymi kyselinami sa posobí alkalickými činidlami vybratými zo skupiny látok ako je hydroxid amónny, sodný, draselný, močovina vo formě vodného roztoku v množstve 0,8 až 2,5 % hmot. vztiahnuté na hmotnost absolútne suchých surovin pri teplote 60 až 140 °C počas 30 až 120 minút, potom sa tekutý podiel oddělí filtráciou, filtrát sa neutralizuje kyselinou fosforečnou a nakoniec sa zahustí na tekuté hnojivo.The solution relates to a method of complex processing raw materials. Its essence is that of graphite the residue obtained after hydrolysis of the vegetable raw materials mineral acids are alkaline with agents selected from the group substances such as ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium \ t urea as an aqueous solution in an amount of 0.8 to 2.5 wt. relative to the weight of absolutely dry raw materials at 60 to 140 ° C for 30 to 120 minutes, then the liquid fraction is separated by filtration, the filtrate is neutralized with phosphoric acid and finally concentrate the liquid fertilizer.
Description
Vynález sa týká sposobu komplexného spracovania rastlinných surovin, s výhodou takých, ktoré sa vyznačuji! vysokým obsahom pentozánov s nízkým obsahom ligninu, napr. kukuřičné oklásky, steblá, slnečnicové steblá, obilná slama, bagassa, piliny z listnatého dřeva a pod.The invention relates to a process for the complex processing of plant raw materials, preferably those which are characterized by: a high content of low lignin pentosans, such as corn trimmings, stalks, sunflower stalks, cereal straw, bagassa, sawdust from deciduous wood and the like.
V súčasnosti sa polnohospodárky rastlinný odpad priemyslove nespraoováva. Najčastejšie sa spracuje silážovaním na krmoviny alebo kompostováním na organické hnojivo.At present, farm vegetable waste is not industrially treated. Most often it is processed by silage for feed or composting to organic fertilizer.
Všeobecne používané spósoby výroby napr. 2-furaldehydu z rastlinných surovin, ako ich jedného možného využitia sú v prevážnej miere jednostupňové, z ktorých sa hydrolýza pentozánov a dehydratácia pentóz uskutočňuje v tlakových zariadeniach za pridávania katalyzátora, alebo aj bez pridávania katalyzátora, pričom v druhom pripade ako katalyzátor pósobí kyselina octová a mravčia, ktoré vznikajú počas procesu.Generally used methods for the production of e.g. 2-furaldehyde from plant raw materials as one possible use are predominantly single-stage, of which the pentosane hydrolysis and pentose dehydration are carried out in pressure equipment with or without catalyst addition, in the latter case acetic acid and formic acid, which are formed during the process, act as catalysts.
Známe sú zariadenia pracujúce diskontinuálne i kontinuálně. Je známy aj autormi vypracovaný dvojstupňový kontinuálny beztlakový sposob výroby 2-furaldehydu z pentózových roztokov podlá AO č. 210 733 a podlá AO č. 218 738, pričom pentózové roztoky sa pripravujú parciálnou hydrolýzou rastlinných materiálov bohatých na pentozany, avšak uvedené spósoby neriešia ďalšie racionálně spracovanie lignocelulózy.Known are devices operating batchwise and continuously. A two-stage continuous, non-pressurized process for the production of 2-furaldehyde from pentose solutions according to AO No. 210 733 and AO No. 218 738 is also known. lignocelluloses.
V súčasnom období sa vo svete venuje velká pozornost bezodpadovému spracovaniu rastlinných surovin.Nowadays, a great deal of attention in the world is devoted to waste-free processing of plant raw materials.
Jedným zo spósobov komplexného spracovania rastlinného materiálu je sposob podlá vynálezu, ktorého podstata spočiva v tom, že na tuhý zbytok získaný po hydrolýze rastlinných surovin minerálnymi kyselinami sa pósobí alkalickými činidlami vybratými zo skupiny látok ako je hydroxid amónny, draselný, sodný, močovina vo formě vodného roztoku v množstve 0,8 až 2,5 % hmot. vztiahnutého na hmotnost absolútne suchých surovin pri teplote 80 až 140 °C počas 30 až 12 min., potom sa tekutý podiel oddeli filtráciou, filtrát sa neutralizuje kyselinou fosforečnou a nakoniec sa zahustí na tekuté hnojivo.One method of complex treatment of plant material is the process according to the invention, which consists in treating the solid residue obtained after hydrolysis of the plant raw materials with mineral acids with alkaline agents selected from the group of ammonium, potassium, sodium, urea in the form of aqueous % solution in an amount of 0.8 to 2.5 wt. based on the weight of the absolutely dry raw materials at 80 to 140 ° C for 30 to 12 min., then the liquid fraction is separated by filtration, the filtrate is neutralized with phosphoric acid and finally concentrated to a liquid fertilizer.
Spósobom podlá vynálezu možno získat furaldehyd s relativné vysokým výtažkom /70 až 75 % hmot./ z teoretického množstva a súčasne možno získat vysokohodnotné krmivo bez nežíadúcich příměs ako furaldehyd; niektoré fenolové látky s obsahom 1,0 až 1,5 % hmot. dusíka so stráví telnostou 80 až 92 % hmot. /testované in vivo v bachore prežúvavcov/. Celý postup spracovania je možné považovat za bezodpadové technológiu, pri ktorej je možné použit odpady z iných výrob, napr. z výroby superfosfátu a získat organické hnojivo cenného zloženia.According to the invention, furaldehyde can be obtained with a relatively high yield (70-75% w / w) of the theoretical amount, and at the same time a high-value feed without undesirable additives such as furaldehyde can be obtained; some phenolic substances with a content of 1.0 to 1.5% by weight; % nitrogen with a digestibility of 80 to 92 wt. (tested in vivo in rumen of ruminants). The entire treatment process can be considered as a waste-free technology in which waste from other productions, such as superphosphate, can be used and organic fertilizer of valuable composition can be obtained.
Sposob podlá vynálezu je výhodnější aj z energetického hladiska, nakolko spotřeba energie je vo všetkých stupňoch procesu nižšia ako spoteeba energie pri explozívnej defibrácii resp. pri autohydrolýze.The method according to the invention is also advantageous from an energy point of view, since the energy consumption at all stages of the process is lower than the energy consumption of an explosive defibrating resp. in autohydrolysis.
P r í k 1 a dExample 1 a d
Kukuřičné oklásky v množstve l kg obsahujúce 41 i hmot. pentózanov a 38 % hmot. celulózy, 16,8 hmot. ligninu sa upravia na drt a vystavia účinku 2,0 % pri teploteCorn cobs in an amount of 1 kg containing 41 wt. % pentosanes and 38 wt. of cellulose, 16.8 wt. The lignin is crushed and exposed to 2.0% at temperature
100 °C po dobu 2 hodin pri hydromodule 1:6. Po uplynuti reakčnej doby sa hydrolyzát I oddělí filtráciou a po premytí sa tuhý zbytok vystaví účinku vodného roztoku hydroxidu amonného, ktorý sa přidá v celkovom množstve 1,5 % hmot. na a.s. surovinu pri hydromodule 1:2,5.100 ° C for 2 hours with 1: 6 hydromodule. After the reaction time, the hydrolyzate I is separated by filtration and after washing the solid residue is treated with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide which is added in a total amount of 1.5% by weight. na a.s. 1: 2.5 hydromodule.
Reakčná zmes sa zahrieva pri 120 °C po dobu 40 minút. Roztok 1,6 litra sa oddělí tlakovou filtráciou a neutralizuje sa na pH 6 prídavkom kyseliny fosforečnej. Hydrolyzát I sa použije k výrobě furaldehydu, pričom sa získalo 210 g produktu. Ďalej sa získalo 450 g krmivá, ktoré málo stravitelnost in vivo 92 % hmot. a tekuté organické hnojivo o objeme 1,6 litra a sušině 6,2 % hmot. s obsahom dusíka 23,8 % hmot.The reaction mixture was heated at 120 ° C for 40 minutes. The 1.6 liter solution was separated by pressure filtration and neutralized to pH 6 by the addition of phosphoric acid. The hydrolyzate I was used to make furaldehyde to give 210 g of product. Further, 450 g of feed were obtained, which in vivo poor digestibility 92% by weight. and liquid organic fertilizer with a volume of 1.6 liters and 6.2% dry matter. with a nitrogen content of 23.8 wt.
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CS837586A CS245156B1 (en) | 1983-10-17 | 1983-10-17 | Method of complex treatment of plant raw materials |
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CS837586A CS245156B1 (en) | 1983-10-17 | 1983-10-17 | Method of complex treatment of plant raw materials |
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1983
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