CO5630034A1 - Metodo para producir esteres de alquilo - Google Patents
Metodo para producir esteres de alquiloInfo
- Publication number
- CO5630034A1 CO5630034A1 CO05036274A CO05036274A CO5630034A1 CO 5630034 A1 CO5630034 A1 CO 5630034A1 CO 05036274 A CO05036274 A CO 05036274A CO 05036274 A CO05036274 A CO 05036274A CO 5630034 A1 CO5630034 A1 CO 5630034A1
- Authority
- CO
- Colombia
- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- alkyl ester
- organic solvent
- primary
- producing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/03—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
- Y02T50/678—Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Un método para producir un primer éster de alquilo, que comprende:Mezclar una fuente de aceite que contiene un triglicérido con un primer alcohol primario o un primer alcohol secundario en un primer solvente orgánico para formar una primera solución; en donde cada molécula del primer solvente orgánico contiene 4-8 átomos de carbono y un heteroátomo;Hacer reaccionar el triglicérido con el primer alcohol primario del primer alcohol secundario en la presencia de una primer lipasa para producir un primer éster de alquilo, en donde la primer solución no experimenta la separación de fase a través de la reacción y el glicerol es producido como un producto secundario; yObtener el primer éster de alquilo mediante la separación de fase entre el primer éster de alquilo y el glicerol después de remover el primer solvente orgánico y el primer alcohol primario o secundario sin reaccionar mediante evaporación. Un método para producir un primer éster de alquilo, que comprende:Mezclar una fuente de aceite que contiene un ácido carboxílico con un primer alcohol primario o un primer alcohol secundario en un primer solvente orgánico para formar una primera solución; en donde cada molécula del primer solvente orgánico contiene 4-8 átomos de carbono y un heteroátomo;Hacer reaccionar el ácido carboxílico con el primer alcohol primario o el primer alcohol secundario en la presencia de una primer lipasa para producir un primer éster de alquilo, en donde la primer solución no experimenta separación de fase a través de la reacción y se produce agua como un producto secundario; ySeparar el primer éster de alquilo al remover el primer solvente orgánico, el primer alcohol primario o secundario sin reaccionar, y el agua mediante evaporación.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/945,339 US7473539B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2004-09-20 | Methods for producing alkyl esters |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CO5630034A1 true CO5630034A1 (es) | 2006-04-28 |
Family
ID=35217800
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CO05036274A CO5630034A1 (es) | 2004-09-20 | 2005-04-18 | Metodo para producir esteres de alquilo |
CO05095209A CO5750055A1 (es) | 2004-09-20 | 2005-09-20 | Produccion de combustible |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CO05095209A CO5750055A1 (es) | 2004-09-20 | 2005-09-20 | Produccion de combustible |
Country Status (30)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US7473539B2 (es) |
EP (4) | EP1637610B1 (es) |
JP (2) | JP3892463B2 (es) |
KR (2) | KR101136890B1 (es) |
CN (2) | CN100572545C (es) |
AR (2) | AR050814A1 (es) |
AT (2) | ATE427997T1 (es) |
AU (4) | AU2005200356B2 (es) |
BR (2) | BRPI0500630A (es) |
CA (2) | CA2493628C (es) |
CL (2) | CL2009001530A1 (es) |
CO (2) | CO5630034A1 (es) |
DE (2) | DE602004020472D1 (es) |
DK (2) | DK1637610T3 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2324534T3 (es) |
HK (2) | HK1084978A1 (es) |
MA (1) | MA27825A1 (es) |
MX (1) | MXPA05003942A (es) |
MY (2) | MY139978A (es) |
NO (2) | NO334191B1 (es) |
NZ (4) | NZ539737A (es) |
PE (3) | PE20060387A1 (es) |
PL (1) | PL1637610T3 (es) |
PT (1) | PT1637610E (es) |
RU (2) | RU2392263C2 (es) |
SG (3) | SG121033A1 (es) |
SI (1) | SI1637610T1 (es) |
TW (2) | TWI375714B (es) |
UA (2) | UA92885C2 (es) |
ZA (2) | ZA200504258B (es) |
Families Citing this family (36)
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DE102004019472A1 (de) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-17 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Phenylacetamide |
US7473539B2 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2009-01-06 | Sunho Biodiesel Corporation | Methods for producing alkyl esters |
CN101103118B (zh) * | 2005-01-10 | 2012-04-18 | 诺维信公司 | 使用两种脂解酶的混合物从甘油三酯和醇产生脂肪酸烷基酯的方法 |
EP1866395A4 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2009-03-25 | Univ Ottawa | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOFUEL |
US9109170B2 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2015-08-18 | Reg Biofuels, Llc | Biodiesel cold filtration process |
US7837891B2 (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2010-11-23 | Nalco Company | Fatty acid by-products and methods of using same |
ES2721427T3 (es) * | 2006-04-28 | 2019-07-31 | Sk Chemicals Co Ltd | Procedimiento para preparar éster alquílico de ácido graso usando destilado de ácido graso |
GB0617476D0 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2006-10-18 | Univ Newcastle | Improved process for biodiesel production |
KR100806517B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-02-21 | 김학로 | 저온 유동성이 향상된 바이오디젤 제조방법 |
UA97127C2 (uk) * | 2006-12-06 | 2012-01-10 | Бандж Ойлз, Инк. | Спосіб безперервної ферментативної обробки композиції, що містить ліпід, та система для його здійснення |
CL2008002020A1 (es) * | 2007-07-12 | 2008-11-14 | Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd | Metodo de modificacion de un aceite, que comprende hidrolizar gliceridos con una solucion de lipasa thermomyces lanuginosus, separar la fraccion de acido graso saturado de la fraccion de glicerido hidrolizado y esterificar los gliceridos hidrolizados en la presencia de candida antarctica lipasa b; y composicion de aceite. |
US20090031698A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | O'brien & Gere Engineers Inc. | Liquid and Solid Biofueled Combined Heat and Renewable Power Plants |
CN100548906C (zh) * | 2007-08-21 | 2009-10-14 | 南京大学 | 一种焦化废水中氨氮的去除方法 |
US8076123B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2011-12-13 | Oilseeds Biorefinery Corporation | Emulsification-free degumming of oil |
WO2009065229A1 (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2009-05-28 | University Of Ottawa Technology Transfer And Business Enterprise | Biodiesel production using ultra low catalyst concentrations in a membrane reactor |
US7790429B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2010-09-07 | Transbiodiesel Ltd. | Robust multi-enzyme preparation for the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters |
BRPI0820588A2 (pt) | 2007-12-14 | 2014-11-04 | Kansai Chemical Enginnering Ltd | Método para produção de forma contínua de um éster de ácido graxo e aparelho para produção de forma contínua do dito éster de ácido graxo |
US8603198B2 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2013-12-10 | Cavitation Technologies, Inc. | Process for producing biodiesel through lower molecular weight alcohol-targeted cavitation |
US9611496B2 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2017-04-04 | Cavitation Technologies, Inc. | Processes for extracting carbohydrates from biomass and converting the carbohydrates into biofuels |
US9988651B2 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2018-06-05 | Cavitation Technologies, Inc. | Processes for increasing bioalcohol yield from biomass |
JP4397432B1 (ja) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-01-13 | 有限会社中部エンザイム | 燃料製造方法および燃料製造装置 |
ES2462548T3 (es) | 2010-03-01 | 2014-05-23 | Trans Bio-Diesel Ltd. | Un proceso para la síntesis enzimática de ésteres de alquilo de ácidos grasos |
DE102010002809A1 (de) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-11-17 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von linearen alpha,omega-Dicarbonsäurediestern |
US8950199B2 (en) * | 2010-03-27 | 2015-02-10 | Perfectly Green Corporation | System and method for energy allocation |
ES2725848T3 (es) | 2010-06-18 | 2019-09-27 | Butamax Tm Advanced Biofuels | Disolventes de extracción derivados de aceite para la extracción de alcohol en una fermentación extractiva |
US9040263B2 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2015-05-26 | Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc | Production of alcohol esters and in situ product removal during alcohol fermentation |
JP2012021116A (ja) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-02 | Green Tech Solution:Kk | バイオディーゼル燃料油の製造方法 |
US9028697B2 (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2015-05-12 | Masatoshi Matsumura | Methods and apparatus for controlling moisture in plant oils and liquid biofuels |
FR2980377B1 (fr) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-10-04 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Procede de regeneration d'un catalyseur enzymatique |
WO2013122599A1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | Sunho Biodiesel America Llc | Enzymatic production of monoglycerides |
US20150353970A1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2015-12-10 | Trans Bio-Diesel Ltd. | Enzymatic transesterification/esterification processing systems and processes employing lipases immobilzed on hydrophobic resins |
US9328054B1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-05-03 | Travis Danner | Method of alcoholisis of fatty acids and fatty acid gyicerides |
WO2015088983A1 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | Cavitation Technologies, Inc. | Processes for extracting carbohydrates from biomass and converting the carbohydrates into biofuels |
KR20160138543A (ko) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-12-05 | 가부시키가이샤 로이야루 코포레숀 | 연료 탄화수소유의 제조 방법 및 장치 |
CN107850005A (zh) | 2015-05-29 | 2018-03-27 | 完美绿色公司 | 用于能源分配的系统、方法和计算机程序产品 |
CN106708129B (zh) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-08-10 | 徐李 | 一种用于啤酒发酵温度控制的设备 |
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JPS6071944A (ja) * | 1983-09-29 | 1985-04-23 | Toshiba Corp | 酵素活性測定装置 |
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JP2554469B2 (ja) * | 1986-01-16 | 1996-11-13 | 日本精化株式会社 | 脂肪酸エステル類の製造法 |
JPS62104589A (ja) | 1985-10-25 | 1987-05-15 | Meito Sangyo Kk | 脂肪酸エステルの製造法 |
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JPH0712313B2 (ja) | 1986-11-05 | 1995-02-15 | 名糖産業株式会社 | 油脂の分解方法 |
DE3819636A1 (de) | 1987-06-16 | 1988-12-29 | Krasnod Stankostroitelnoe Proi | Karusselldrehmaschinentisch |
FR2617501B1 (fr) | 1987-07-02 | 1990-03-16 | Elf Aquitaine | Procede enzymatique realise dans un solvant organique |
EP0413307A1 (en) | 1989-08-15 | 1991-02-20 | Lion Corporation | Process for producing saccharide fatty acid monoesters |
US5288619A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1994-02-22 | Kraft General Foods, Inc. | Enzymatic method for preparing transesterified oils |
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US5525126A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-06-11 | Agricultural Utilization Research Institute | Process for production of esters for use as a diesel fuel substitute using a non-alkaline catalyst |
US5713965A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-02-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Production of biodiesel, lubricants and fuel and lubricant additives |
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JP3853552B2 (ja) | 1999-12-17 | 2006-12-06 | 花王株式会社 | ジグリセリドの製造方法 |
ATA16992000A (de) * | 2000-10-05 | 2001-12-15 | Michael Dr Koncar | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern |
DE10122551A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-21 | Zulka Joachim Hans | Einstufiges Verfahren zur Herstellung eines biologisch abbaubaren Fettsäure-Esters (Esteröl) aus Triglyceriden (Fetten) |
US6398707B1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-06-04 | Wen-Teng Wu | Method of preparing lower alkyl fatty acids esters and in particular biodiesel |
CN1279174C (zh) * | 2002-05-10 | 2006-10-11 | 北京化工大学 | 固定化脂肪酶催化合成脂肪酸低碳醇酯 |
CN1183238C (zh) | 2003-03-28 | 2005-01-05 | 刘阳 | 生物酶法制造植物油脂肪酸甲酯的新方法 |
CN1453332A (zh) | 2003-04-24 | 2003-11-05 | 华南理工大学 | 生物催化油脂转酯生产生物柴油的方法 |
US7473539B2 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2009-01-06 | Sunho Biodiesel Corporation | Methods for producing alkyl esters |
-
2004
- 2004-09-20 US US10/945,339 patent/US7473539B2/en active Active
- 2004-12-29 PL PL04293167T patent/PL1637610T3/pl unknown
- 2004-12-29 AT AT04293167T patent/ATE427997T1/de active
- 2004-12-29 DE DE602004020472T patent/DE602004020472D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-12-29 DK DK04293167T patent/DK1637610T3/da active
- 2004-12-29 SI SI200431165T patent/SI1637610T1/sl unknown
- 2004-12-29 EP EP04293167A patent/EP1637610B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-12-29 ES ES04293167T patent/ES2324534T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-12-29 PT PT04293167T patent/PT1637610E/pt unknown
-
2005
- 2005-01-20 CA CA002493628A patent/CA2493628C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-01-21 NO NO20050333A patent/NO334191B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-01-27 AR ARP050100286A patent/AR050814A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-01-27 MY MYPI20050309A patent/MY139978A/en unknown
- 2005-01-28 AU AU2005200356A patent/AU2005200356B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-23 JP JP2005046988A patent/JP3892463B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-28 BR BRPI0500630-9A patent/BRPI0500630A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-31 SG SG200502564A patent/SG121033A1/en unknown
- 2005-04-04 UA UAA200503094A patent/UA92885C2/uk unknown
- 2005-04-04 RU RU2005109764/04A patent/RU2392263C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-13 MX MXPA05003942A patent/MXPA05003942A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-04-13 CN CNB200510064305XA patent/CN100572545C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-18 CO CO05036274A patent/CO5630034A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-28 NZ NZ539737A patent/NZ539737A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-05-25 PE PE2005000584A patent/PE20060387A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-25 ZA ZA200504258A patent/ZA200504258B/en unknown
- 2005-05-25 TW TW094117126A patent/TWI375714B/zh active
- 2005-06-09 KR KR1020050049380A patent/KR101136890B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-16 CA CA2520163A patent/CA2520163C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-19 UA UAA200508901A patent/UA94017C2/ru unknown
- 2005-09-19 EP EP05291933A patent/EP1637588B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-19 ES ES05291933T patent/ES2336008T3/es active Active
- 2005-09-19 MA MA28506A patent/MA27825A1/fr unknown
- 2005-09-19 AT AT05291933T patent/ATE448293T1/de active
- 2005-09-19 ZA ZA200507540A patent/ZA200507540B/en unknown
- 2005-09-19 DE DE602005017548T patent/DE602005017548D1/de active Active
- 2005-09-19 EP EP09155316A patent/EP2067852A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-19 DK DK05291933.9T patent/DK1637588T3/da active
- 2005-09-19 RU RU2005129182/12A patent/RU2373260C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-19 EP EP09155317A patent/EP2067853A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-20 AU AU2005211617A patent/AU2005211617B9/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-20 CO CO05095209A patent/CO5750055A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-20 NZ NZ562307A patent/NZ562307A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-20 US US11/232,467 patent/US7666666B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-20 SG SG200506048A patent/SG121154A1/en unknown
- 2005-09-20 JP JP2005272117A patent/JP2006115836A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-20 NZ NZ542536A patent/NZ542536A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-20 TW TW094132509A patent/TWI360574B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-20 SG SG200802047-1A patent/SG141438A1/en unknown
- 2005-09-20 NZ NZ555899A patent/NZ555899A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-20 AR ARP050103935A patent/AR051822A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2006
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2008
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