CN87104234A

CN87104234A - Apparatus and method for subsurface irrigation

Info

Publication number: CN87104234A
Application number: CN87104234.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阿洛伊斯·迪博尔德
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1987-06-13
Filing date: 1987-06-13
Publication date: 1988-12-28
Also published as: CN1005526B

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for sub-surface irrigation. By means of pipes arranged under the ground, movable parts are arranged in the pipes under the action of flowing water, and the movable parts are water wheels. The fluid required for the maintenance, nutrition or growth of the plants is supplied separately in sections in the region by means of a chronological supply of the fluid to sections which are directly placed in space relative to one another, a non-chronological (jumping) supply of the fluid to sections which are directly placed in space relative to one another, and finally a simultaneous supply of the fluid to different sections.

Description

Apparatus and method for subsurface irrigation

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for sub-surface irrigation. By means of a pipe arranged under the ground, a part movable under the action of flowing water is contained in the pipe. Similar such irrigation is disclosed, for example, by SU-PS701599, US-PS 3658250, DD-PS 137873 and DE-OS 2220531. All these methods and devices have not been able to meet today's high demands for sub-irrigation. To solve all these related problems, the present invention proposes that the movable member is a water wheel. According to a further feature of the invention, the fluid is supplied to the segments which are directly adjacent to each other in space in chronological order, or the fluid is supplied to the segments which are directly adjacent to each other in space in non-chronological order (in a jumping manner), or finally the fluid is supplied to the different segments simultaneously.

An embodiment of the object of the invention is shown in the figure. The pattern portions are represented diagrammatically.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a partial section. FIG. 2 is an enlarged scale view of a water through hole of the present invention. Fig. 3 is an inside view of the pipe with the water passage holes also enlarged. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the water wheel as viewed along lines IV-IV of FIG. 1. Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 shows such a tubing system installed below ground. Figure 7 shows a piping system of the present invention. Fig. 8 shows the relevant parts. FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of an output device. Fig. 10 again shows a structural component of the output device in the direction of arrow a of fig. 9. Fig. 11 shows another such structure. Fig. 12 shows a piping system used in the configuration of fig. 11. Fig. 13 to 15 show a partial cross-section of another embodiment of the output device. FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along the line XIV-XIV of FIG. 13. Fig. 15 is an enlarged scale inside view of the tube in the water passage holes. Finally, fig. 16 shows a further embodiment.

As can be seen in fig. 1, a water wheel 2 is arranged in the pipe 1 on a screw 4. If water flows in the direction of arrow 12, the water wheel 2 rotates in a plane perpendicular to the plane shown in fig. 1. The bolt 4 is mounted in the upper part 5 and in the lower part 6 of the through-hole 3 (see fig. 2). The bearing point 6 is located on a partition 7, which partition 7 bridges the lower through-opening 3, as can be seen in fig. 3. The entire apparatus of figure 1 is located below ground as indicated by section line 14.

Fig. 2 shows that a drain funnel 8 is connected to the through-opening 3, which drain funnel 8 can be fastened to a pipe, for example, by means of its flange shown. The drain funnel 8 is provided at its lower end with an adjustable and fixable nozzle 9, as is usual with garden hoses.

Fig. 3 shows the water wheel 2 rotating in the plane of the drawing of the pattern, as indicated by the arrow 13.

Such water wheels 2 are installed approximately every 1 meter in the pipes 1 provided under the ground 14. Before the installation of the pipes, the nozzles 9 are always adjusted accordingly, depending on the ground conditions and on the distance of a water feed location (pump 10) to be described below. As mentioned above, this can be achieved by rotating the two parts shown at 9 as in the garden hose. If the water now flows under pressure in the direction of arrow 12, water wheel 2 rotates in the direction of arrow 13 of fig. 3 and the water is discharged through the through-holes 3 in pipe 1 to the outside, whereby sub-irrigation is achieved. Foreign materials such as sand, mud and the like are prevented from passing through the through-hole 3 by rotating the water wheel 2. The drainage funnel 8 prevents the root mass from intruding into the through-hole 3 and growing. The water wheel 2 and the drainage funnel 8 here co-act to ensure that subsurface irrigation is carried out anyway in bad ground conditions or other operating conditions. It can be seen from figures 1 and 3 that the wedge 11 serves to direct water flowing in the direction of arrow 12 so that the wheel can rotate effectively in the direction of arrow 13.

The wedge 11 is rotated around a large semi-circle (about 3 mm) according to fig. 4. The wedge angle is configured in a suitable manner such that the flowing water always only hits the lower half of the blades of the water wheel 2 (fig. 3). According to another embodiment of fig. 5, a funnel 8 is mounted on the pipe 1, which funnel is open at its lower end in the soil. The connecting through hole 3 in the funnel is provided with an adjustable nozzle 9 from which irrigation is carried out through the nozzle 9. The nozzles 9 are as close as possible to the water wheels 2 so that the slurry does not adhere to the nozzles.

From fig. 6 it can be seen that a pipe system of this type of pipe 1, as described above, is provided with the structures according to the invention each at a distance of about 1 metre. The pump 10 introduces water under pressure into the piping system from a well or a water source not shown in the figures. Where the water circulates in the direction indicated by the arrows, whereby the above-mentioned sub-irrigation is effected.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The drain funnel 8 or the nozzle 9 can also be omitted if necessary under good working conditions. The through-holes 3 can also be mounted laterally in the region of the water wheels 2. Of course, the distance of the water wheels 2 in the pipes 1 may also be more or less than 1 meter, depending on the operating conditions. Instead of the pump 10, the pipe system according to the invention can be connected as if it were to a pressure vessel located at a higher level, which is constantly supplied with water repeatedly, which circulates under pressure in the pipe system of the pipe 1.

In the following, several advantageous selection parameters are given, but the invention is not limited to these, for example the use of plastic tubes which deform as little as possible under the influence of high temperatures. The tube wall thickness was about 4 mm and the internal diameter was 32 mm. The water wheels 2 are constructed and arranged to be spaced approximately 3 mm from the inner wall of the pipe. The upper support 5 may have a metal bed which is mounted in the wall of the tube 1. The bearing point is closed to the outside. The radius of the water wheel is preferably 13 mm. It is further noted that the distance between the conduits of FIG. 6 is about 70-80 cm. Only one quarter of the circle at the top right is shown in fig. 6, and there are also three quarters that can be looped around the pump. One quarter of each circle may cover, for example, half a hectare of area, so that four quarters of a circle may irrigate 2 hectare of area.

In fig. 6, no water wheel with through holes is arranged in the circular arc between the pipelines. The way this system works also illustrates that for water saving reasons different quadrants of the circumference can be connected in sequence first. If all four quarters of the last circle are wet, the device as a whole can be in operation. The ends of all the pipes are run into the well for re-use.

To make the rotating water wheel 2 functional, it is also noted that impurities such as mud and the like are also fed into the pipe by itself. The rotating screw 4 ultimately prevents the growth of impurities in the passage point 3.

The drain funnel 8 (fig. 2) with the nozzle 9 should be properly 10-14 cm. The diameter of the drain funnel (and nozzle) at the lower end should be about 12 cm.

It should also be noted for completeness that a well used in the piping system of figure 6 has a wall of the well which is about 2 metres deep and which should be lined with concrete pipe in order to make it easier to clean the well.

According to the embodiment of fig. 7, this area is divided into

sections

15, 16, 17 and 18. A similar subdivision can also be used for other three circumferential quarters arranged around a water supply location 10, such as a well or a water supply. In addition, the configuration of these segments is determined according to the situation of the current region.

For example, water is pressed into the lowermost pipe 1 of the pipe system by a pump, not shown, via the regulating valve 19. The

other regulating valves

20, 21 and 22 are closed at this time. The water thus reaches the surface of the section 15 through an output device 26 which will be described below. If the section 15 has been irrigated with sufficient water, the regulating valve 19 can be manually closed and the regulating valve 20 opened. The water then flows from the feed location 10 through the conduit 32 over the disconnector 23 to the pipe 1 of the section 16. The disconnector 23 is constructed as shown in fig. 8. First the position of the shutter 31 is shown fully pulled out during irrigation of the section 15. The pipe 32 is then closed and a small amount of water should now have passed through the pipe 1 of the section 15 into the next section 16, without damaging it. After closing the regulating valve 19 and opening the valve 20, the water flows under pressure through the conduit 32 and brings the disconnector 31 into the position shown in broken lines in fig. 8. This ensures anyway that water now reaches the section 16 and that water is prevented from flowing into the section 15 which is sufficiently filled with water.

This process is repeated in steps by switching off and on the

respective control valves

20, 21 and 22. As described above, the

sections

15, 16, 17 and 18 are supplied with water in sequence. The water then exits the last stage 18 through a return conduit 33 to the water feed location 10. Water that is not delivered to the surface thus circulates.

The described operation of the regulating

valves

19, 20, 21 and 22 is not only manual. According to the invention, these control valves can also be automatically controlled by the fluid flow used, the ground dryness, the climatic conditions such as temperature, air flow, rain, etc. These automatic adjustment devices are known per se, and therefore other ground hygrometers, air hygrometers, rain gauges and wind gauges are used.

The boiler in the line of fig. 7 can also be installed for example at the position U, V, W, X in order to be able to balance the level differences. The boiler functions as a water lock with a float, which is known per se. If the boiler is full of water, the float can interrupt the continued input of water.

Figure 9 shows an output device 26 for enabling metered and safe operation of fluid from the pipe 1 of the pipe system to the surface 14. As shown, a guide in the form of a flag 27 is mounted on a cross brace 34 at the lower portion of the through bore 3 of the pipe 1. The nozzle 28 is adjustable with respect to its through-hole. The wall section 30 made of an elastic material can be placed relatively close to the opposite side of the fixedly arranged wall section 37 by means of a screw 35 screwed into the nut 36 or can also be fixed relatively far apart. In the lower part of this unit is a fluid distributor 29 equipped with three small spoked wheels, see fig. 10. This latter structural component is secured to a bracket 38. If, for example, water is conveyed under pressure through the pipe 1, the water passes through the passage openings 3 to the guides 27 which are movable under fluid pressure, from there via the nozzles 30, 37 which are adjusted in each case to the fluid distributor 29, which fluid distributor 29 then discharges the water from the discharge funnel 8 to the ground 14.

It goes without saying that this embodiment adjusts the nozzles 30, 37 accordingly by operating the screws 35 before installation in the ground. The construction ensures that in each case sufficient fluid is distributed into the ground in a section remote from the water feed point 10. The flow of the fluid to be discharged is in any case guaranteed to make the drainage funnel 8 prevent the entire output device from growing roots. It is in this way that other impurities cannot penetrate into the output device.

As shown in fig. 9, the output device 26 is directly mounted on the lower portion of the tube 1. According to fig. 11 the output device 26 is located beside the pipe 1. As can be seen from fig. 12, a good staggered distribution of the output devices 26 can be provided on the left and right of the tube 1. So that the fluid is better distributed into the surface 14.

Fig. 13 shows a further safety-in-operation output device. It is seen that a water wheel 2 is arranged on a screw 4 in the pipe 1. If water flows in the direction of arrow 12, the water wheel 2 rotates in a plane perpendicular to the plane shown in fig. 13. The bolt 4 is mounted on the upper part 5 and on the lower part of the through-hole 3 (see fig. 14) supported on 6. The bearing point 6 is located on a partition 7, which partition 7 bridges the lower through-opening 3, as can be seen from fig. 15. The entire apparatus of figure 13 is also located below ground as indicated by the cross-hatching of 14. Fig. 15 shows the water wheel 2 rotating in the plane of the illustration of the device, as indicated by arrow 13.

Such water wheels 2 are installed approximately every 1 meter in the pipes 1 provided under the ground 14. Before the installation of the pipes, the nozzles 9 are always adjusted accordingly, depending on the ground conditions and on the distance of the feed locations (pumps 10). This can be achieved by rotating the two parts shown at 9 as in the garden hose. If the water now flows under pressure in the direction of arrow 12, water wheel 2 rotates in the direction of arrow 13 of fig. 15 and the water is discharged outwardly through the through-holes 3 in pipe 1, whereby sub-irrigation is achieved. Foreign materials such as sand, mud and the like are prevented from passing through the through-hole 3 by rotating the water wheel 2. The drainage funnel 8 prevents the root mass from intruding into the through-hole 3 and growing. The water wheels 2 and the drainage funnels 8 work together here to ensure that subsurface irrigation is carried out anyway in bad ground conditions and other operating conditions. It can be seen from figures 13 and 15 that the wedges 11 serve to direct water flowing in the direction of arrow 12 so that the water wheels can rotate effectively in the direction of arrow 13.

Wedge 11 rotates around a large half circle (about 3 mm) according to fig. 14. The wedge angle is configured in a suitable manner such that the flowing water always only hits the lower half of the blades of the water wheel 2 (fig. 15).

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The method according to the invention also provides that the fluids can be supplied to the segments which are directly spatially disposed one after the other, out of order in time. For example, one can imagine the situation of fig. 7, where fluid is supplied first to section 15, then to section 17, then to section 16, and finally to section 18. This is advantageous in certain operating situations. It is further conceivable to supply several of these segments simultaneously in a large area. Then the other sections are irrigated in sequence. Finally, it is within the scope of the invention to install an adjustable pump, so that, for example, a pipe system extending in the space can be flushed temporarily with high pressure. In addition to normal operation, the output device 26 may also be cleaned of some intrusive contaminants. All these measures solve the problem of being able to meter and handle a safe supply of fluid over a large area at all times.

The outlet device 26 can be fastened to the tube 1 in any desired manner, for example also by means of clips.

When such a pipe system with the outlet device and the drain funnel 8 is provided, the entire pipe system is also well fixed in the ground by the funnel. The pipe system thus arranged cannot be lifted from the ground during operation and under unfavorable conditions.

In fig. 16 the penstock 1 is shown as described above. The water wheel 2 rotates in fig. 16 perpendicularly to the plane shown. The bolts of the water wheels are indicated at 4. The tube 1 has an opening 3, 41 which is a sleeve surrounded by a spacer 42. A known drain funnel is indicated by 8 and a perforated drain plate is provided at the lower part at 43. For ease of installation, the plate may be replaced to use a plate with many or fewer holes. Of course, the plate in the lower half of the part 41 may also be thinner. The drainage funnel 8 is therefore not round, but rectangular in cross-section, so that the plate 43 can be replaced if necessary during the installation process.

Claims

1. A device and method for underground irrigation through pipes arranged under the ground, wherein movable parts under the action of flowing water are housed, and the feature is that the movable parts are water wheels 2 .

2. Subsurface irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe 1 is provided with a through-hole 3 for water within the range of the water wheel 2.

3. Subsurface irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that the water wheel 2 is arranged on a bolt 4 which is mounted rotatably in the pipe 1 (support points 5, 6).

4. Underground irrigation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a supporting part 5 is provided on the upper part of the pipe 1 and another supporting part 6 is provided on the lower part, and the supporting part 6 of the lower part is located on a partition 7 at the same time, and the partition 7 It is bridged with the via 3 configured in the lower part.

5. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower drainage funnel 8 of the through hole 3 is optionally equipped with an adjustable and fixable nozzle 9.

6. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a guide, in particular in the form of a wedge 11, is arranged in front of the water wheel 2 in the flow direction of the water.

7. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the drainage funnel 8 the nozzles 9 are arranged as close as possible to the through hole 3 and the water wheel 2 (Fig. 6).

8. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in order to drive the water wheel 2 in the piping system of the pipe 1, a pump 10 is installed, which circulates water from a well or a water source to the pipe 1 in the piping system.

9. Subsurface irrigation for fluid distribution through underground pipes according to one of the preceding claims, for the fluids required for the maintenance, nutrition or growth of plants to be fed into the ground in separate sections of an area, while the fluids are sequentially fed into the area in chronological order In the section of the area, the fluid is preferably fed into the ground through the adjustable through-hole of the pipe, which is characterized in that the fluid is delivered to the sections 15, 16, 17, 18 placed directly on each other in space, or the fluid is not chronologically Sequential (jumping) delivery to segments that are spatially directly next to each other, or finally fluid delivery to different segments simultaneously.

10. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid from a feed point 10 is circulated under pressure into the piping system of the pipes 1.

11. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regulating valves 19, 20, 21, 22 for supplying fluid to each section 15, 16, 17, 18 automatically depend on fluid flow, ground dryness, climate conditions such as Temperature, air volume, rainfall and other conditions to adjust.

12. Subsurface irrigation according to claim 11, characterized in that the pipe 1 of the piping system is provided with a meterable and operationally safe output device 26 for the fluid, while the operational safety of the output device 26 is controlled by the water wheel 2 in the pipe 1 Determine within the scope of the through hole 3, so the drain funnel 8 is preferably contained in the bottom of the through hole 3 (Fig. 13 to 15).

13. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that movable guides (such as small flags 27), a meterable nozzle 28 and a fluid distributor 29 (Fig. 9, 10).

14. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall part 30 is provided with an adjustable and fixable nozzle 28 for metering.

15. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output device 26 is arranged in the lower part of the pipe 1 (Fig. 9).

16. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output device 26 is mounted on the side of the pipe 1 (Figs. 11, 12).

17. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid distributor 29 is formed in the form of a small wheel with five spokes (Fig. 10).

18. Subsurface irrigation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installed disconnectors (23, 24, 25) are automatically operated shutters 31.