CN86106541A - Apparatus for life-saving - Google Patents

Abstract

Only need to fall that tool and downside are slow to fall tool and be connected with upside is slow, can constitute a kind of escape apparatus simple in structure.Upside is slow, and cable to be taken place when falling the tool deflection tortuous, thereby implement friction slip, and downside is slow to fall tool and corresponding to the increase of loading capacity brake force is increased.This escape apparatus do not need the to descend people of escape handles decrease speed voluntarily, and the operating mechanism of handling decrease speed is not set, and it is not subjected to the influence of human body body weight, can descend with safety, stable speed.

Description

Apparatus for life-saving

The present invention relates to a kind of escape apparatus that uses when down landing is escaped from the mouth of taking refuge of eminence.

In the past, this escape apparatus, the escape apparatus put down in writing of No. the 975147th, Japan's utility model (the real public clear 47-4227 communique of Japan) patent specification for example, system by be fixedly installed on the fixedly tool of taking refuge mouthful (for example hook etc.) and be suspended on when using this fixedly the main body below the tool constituted, the centrifugal force brake is installed in this main body, and connects the decline straphanger at cable two ends by this main body.The escape apparatus of this prior art is complex structure not only, cost is high, and decrease speed is often because of the difference of human body body weight produces very big difference, and people's decrease speed that body weight is big is too fast, and the too light people of body weight then is difficult to successfully descend, and these all are its shortcomings.

The inventor is in view of the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, proposed a kind of patent application of escape apparatus of simple in structure, function admirable to Japan, and its application number is Japanese clear 60-53411.As shown in figure 11, the many slow tool (52) that falls on this cable (1) constitutes this escape apparatus by cable (1) on take refuge mouthful (51) of being fixed in building (50) and cramping.The survivor can utilize straphanger (53) to hang respectively each slow falling on the tool (52), and landing is downwards escaped successively one by one.Should slow tool (52) fall as shown in figure 12, it has by this cable of cramping (1) makes it to carry out the arrestment mechanism that the cramping spring leaf (54) of friction slip constitutes, or has the arrestment mechanism that can utilize the clamping force that produces corresponding to descender (for example human body) weight to come the cam mechanism of cramping cable or leverage etc. to constitute.

Yet, as described in above-mentioned prior art, only with a cramping cable (1) thus the slow tool (52) that falls that produces friction slip is contained on the cable, can not fully decrease speed be kept certain, because the difference of human body body weight makes decrease speed that very big-difference takes place easily, especially when overweight, decrease speed will be too fast so that produce can not safe escape shortcoming.

In addition, as United States Patent (USP) NO4,474,262, NO4,576,248 and NO4,580,658 disclosed escape apparatus then constitute like this, it falls the cable cramping on the tool slow, and the changeable clamping force is housed to adjust the control stick of brake force, the people in the decline can use the above-mentioned control stick of manual mode of operation, thereby can adjust its decrease speed.

Because escape apparatus is the thing that just uses when emergency escape, carry out above-mentioned manual operation exactly to adjust decrease speed be difficulty very so people in the decline can be cooled down.Therefore,, or might take place sharply to descend when control stick transferred De Taisong and produce dangerously, therefore on the safety problem be arranged very just in case operation when wrong, can make clamping force become too big and be difficult to descend.In addition, if operating lever operation is incorrect, the size of clamping force can produce different difference, so it is quite difficult steadily to descend with constant speed.

It is a kind of simple in structure and can carry out the escape apparatus that safety descends with stable speed when descending that main purpose of the present invention is to provide.

The principal character of escape apparatus of the present invention is, it has the upper end and is fixed in cable and a pair of upper and lower slow the fall tool of cramping on this cable that eminence is taken refuge mouthful; Upside is slow to fall tool increases corresponding to loading capacity, and deflection strengthens, thereby it is tortuous that cable is taken place, and upside is slow to fall tool and have that a plurality of that cables are taken place is tortuous in order to implement the cable contact components of friction slip; Downside is slow to fall tool and then is configured like this, makes when increasing corresponding to loading capacity the brake force increase; In addition, downside is slow falls tool and also has a suspender member of hanging descender (for example human body) usefulness; Above-mentionedly a pair ofly slow fall tool and connect with connecting elements.

Downside is slow fall tool be a kind of corresponding to loading capacity increase and with slow tool or a kind of so slow tool that falls of falling of the clamping force cramping cable that increases, this slow tool that falls is corresponding to the increase of loading capacity and deflection strengthens, thereby it is tortuous that cable is taken place, and it has a plurality of cables that make the tortuous cable contact component in order to the execution friction slip takes place.

Therefore, upside is slow tool falls and can be corresponding to the increase of loading capacity, angle of deviation increases, thereby deflection is strengthened, at this moment, because the cable contact component makes the complications effect of cable generation and the tension force of cable, can make the opposite frictional resistance of gravity direction a kind of and aforementioned load-carrying be applied to that upside is slow to fall on the tool, when if the human body weight (or weight of descender) that descends is heavier, being applied to the slow loading capacity that falls on the tool of upside also can strengthen, thereby the slow angle of deviation of falling tool of upside is correspondingly increased, so above-mentioned frictional resistance also can increase.Otherwise when light as if the human body weight that descends, above-mentioned loading capacity can reduce, and the slow angle of deviation of falling tool of upside also can diminish, and therefore, aforementioned frictional resistance also can diminish naturally.

Downside is slow to fall tool because corresponding to the increase of load-carrying and the clamping force cramping cable to increase, perhaps increase corresponding to the slow tool deflection of falling of the increase of load-carrying, make cable take place to implement friction slip under the tortuous state by a plurality of cable contact components, so no matter in the sort of occasion, can similarly the frictional resistance opposite with the gravity direction of above-mentioned load-carrying be put on all that downside is slow to fall on the tool.

Yet the inventor falls to upside is slow that tool and downside are slow to fall the result that tool carries out dropping test separately and show respectively, to any slow tool that falls, all can produce and stop sometimes on the way can't descend, or produce the phenomenon that descends fast on the contrary, thereby have the problem that fully to guarantee security.After further studying and designing, according to the present invention, fall that tool and above-mentioned downside are slow to fall tool and be connected with a kind of connecting elements with above-mentioned upside is slow, utilize this connect and compose slow to fall the result that tool tests and show, thisly slow fall tool and have stable decrease speed, can steadily and safely descend, thereby be escaped.

Its principle roughly is to hang can share in upside is slow via connecting elements in the weight of the descender on the suspender member to fall that the upper and lower side of tool is slow falls on the tool, and this moment corresponding to above-mentioned load-carrying distribution ratio in the two slow all earthquakes constantly in the decline process that differ of falling the brake force that produces on the tool.Therefore as a whole, two slowly fall tool and obtain equilibrium of forces, and its decrease speed is subjected to mutual restriction, and therefore the people who descends needn't use the manual operating decrease speed in the way that descends, and human body steadily and is safely descended with stable decrease speed.

In addition, owing to a pair ofly slowly up and down fall tool and only utilize connecting elements to connect, add and adorn a suspender member and can constitute not only safety but also desirable escape apparatus, adjust the members such as control stick that decrease speed is used so do not need, therefore relatively simple for structure.

Other purpose of the present invention and corresponding feature and effect can obtain further to understand from the explanation of following examples and accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 represents the longitudinal sectional drawing of the escape apparatus of first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of its effect of expression; Fig. 3 is the transverse cross-sectional view that III-the III line is cut along Fig. 1; Fig. 4 represents the transverse cross-sectional view of the IV-IV line intercepting along Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of the escape apparatus of second embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of its effect of expression; Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 represent the slow longitudinal sectional drawing that falls tool of other embodiment respectively; Figure 11 is the side view of the escape apparatus of prior art; Figure 12 represents the longitudinal sectional drawing of the major part of Figure 11.

Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 represents the escape apparatus of first embodiment of the invention.This escape apparatus has cable (1) and a pair of up and down slow fall tool (A), (B) of cramping on this cable (1) on the mouth of taking refuge of the eminence that as shown in figure 11 upper end is fixed in building (50) etc., this upside is slow to fall that tool (A) and downside are slow to fall tool (B) and be connected with connecting rod (connecting elements) (2), is fixed with a straphanger (suspender member) (3) of hanging descender (for example the people that escapes of decline etc.) on the tool (B) slow the falling of above-mentioned downside simultaneously.

In the present embodiment, the slow tool that falls of upside has a pair of brake block (cable contact component) (4), (5) that can make the tortuous execution friction slip of cable (1) generation when deflection takes place for it and goes up brake block (cable contact component) (6); Downside is slow to fall tool (B) and then is configured like this, makes when increasing corresponding to load-carrying (Q) this cable of clamping force cramping (1) with increase.

The slow tool (A) that falls of upside is equipped with the shell that is made of pair of side plates (7), (7), lower position in this shell, dispose cramping therebetween in opposite directions and the above-mentioned left brake block (4) and the above-mentioned right brake block (5) of cable (1), and the upper left side position configuration in this shell have on brake block (6).This left side brake block (4) is provided with a guide groove (4a), and left brake block (4) is fixed between above-mentioned biside plate (7), (7) by bolt (8a) and nut (8b).This right side brake block (5) though do not have guide groove, the same with above-mentioned left brake block (4), be fixed between above-mentioned biside plate (7), (7) with bolt (8a) and nut (8b).Should go up brake block (6) and have a guide groove (6a), it is fixed between above-mentioned biside plate (7), (7) by bolt (8a) and nut (8b).Though these brake block (4), (5) and (6) constitute the cable contact component, also can use the parts of other form such as liner to be used as the cable contact component.In addition, when not bearing load-carrying (P), the above-mentioned brake block (6) of going up is configured in the left position of leaving cable (9).

The slow tool (B) that falls of this downside is configured in the slow lower position that falls tool A of above-mentioned upside.Have the shell that constitutes by pair of side plates (9), (9) on the tool (B) slow the falling of this downside, in this shell, dispose movable friction plate (10) and fixed friction plate (11).This movable friction plate (10) utilizes pin to be installed in the end of lever (13), and this lever (13) can be swung for the center by fulcrum (12), on movable friction plate (10) a fixedly fixed part (14) of straphanger (3) usefulness is housed also.On the braking surface of this movable friction plate (10), be processed with guide groove (10a), utilize this guide groove (10a) and said fixing friction plate (11) but on braking surface cramping cable (1).In addition, above-mentioned movable friction plate (10) is owing to the effect of tension spring (15) has the trend of moving to the direction that approaches fixed friction plate (11).As shown in Figure 2, when load-carrying (Q), this movable friction plate (10) just moves, and makes it to approach fixed friction plate (11), thereby friction brake force is acted on the cable (1).

This upside is slow to fall tool (A) and downside and delays and fall tool (B) and utilize connecting rod (2) to be connected to each other.This two slow falls tool (A), (B) also uses spring (16) to connect (as shown in Figure 2), and this upside is slow to fall the deflection that tool (A) is taken place to limit, and makes that this angle of deviation is unlikely to surpass necessary degree.

The following describes the using method of the escape apparatus of above formation.

When running into accidents such as breaking out of fire, in the time of must escaping by take refuge mouthful (51), the escape people at first cable (1) is fixed on (or being hooked in) take refuge mouthful (51) go up and make this cable to be suspended from the outside, on one's body then straphanger (3) being enclosed within, can begin to descend along cable (1).When descending, human weight (W) is shared via connecting rod (2), and upside is slow to fall the load-carrying (P) of tool (A) and puts on the slow load-carrying (Q) of falling tool (B) of downside in order to put on, promptly as shown in Figure 2, weight (W) acts on each slow tool (A), (B) of falling respectively.

At first, fall in the tool in that downside is slow, (Q) does the time spent as above-mentioned load-carrying, and this movable friction plate (10) is just near fixed friction plate (11), and cramping cable (1).Because the tension force of this clamping force and cable (1) can produce the opposite brake force of gravity direction with this load-carrying (Q), so this downside delays and falls tool (B) and just can carry out friction slip and descend.Load-carrying (Q) is bigger, and above-mentioned brake force is also bigger.

Simultaneously, the part of weight (W) acts on via connecting rod (2) with the form of load-carrying (P) that upside is slow to fall on the tool (A), makes its clockwise direction deflection in figure.Upside is slow tool (A) deflection is fallen and in, pair of right and left brake block (4), (5) just make cable (1) complications, simultaneously, last brake block (6) also is crimped onto on the cable (1), makes its complications.Because the tension force that complications effect of above-mentioned brake block (4), (5), (6) caused cable (1) and cable (1) produce can produce the opposite frictional resistance of gravity direction with load-carrying (P), thereby people's decline is subjected to the effect of suitable brake force.

As mentioned above, since each slow tool (A) falls, (B) can distinguish the one side friction slip and simultaneously descend, so the people that escapes can descend reposefully with stable speed.When load-carrying (W) is variant, as carry the lighter people of the heavier people of body weight or body weight, since according to load-carrying (W) be split in two slow fall on tool (A), (B) the branch load-carrying and to each slow tool (A) falls, (B) applies brake force, and this brake force differ earthquake at every moment in the decline process, pretend to generally speaking, can under active force obtains the state of balance, human body steadily be descended safely, consequently, no matter can both guarantee the decrease speed of roughly certain safety in the sort of occasion.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 represent second embodiment of escape apparatus of the present invention.In the present embodiment, the slow slow tool (D) that falls of tool (C) and downside that falls of the upside of cramping cable (1) is equipped with slow and makes cable (1) that the tortuous cable contact component in order to the execution friction slip take place when falling tool generation deflection.In addition, because it is roughly identical with the slow tool (A) that falls of the upside of first embodiment that each delays the structure of falling tool (C), (D), and other structure is also identical with first embodiment, thus in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, adopt the numbering identical to represent with first embodiment, and omit specific description.Different is, falls on the tool (D) in that downside is slow, has disposed in the below of pair of right and left brake block (4), (5) at the slow brake club (28) that does not have on the tool that falls of the upside of first embodiment.Like this, at the decline initial stage, to fall the deflection of tool (D) big not enough when downside is slow, when promptly braking effect is also insufficient, it is tortuous that this brake club (28) can cable (1) take place with pair of right and left brake block (4), (5), takes this to guarantee essential brake force.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, load-carrying (W) is split in two slow branch load-carrying and two slow tool (C), (D) angle of deviation difference of falling of falling on tool (C), (D) and can at every moment changes in the decline process, so with regard to whole utensil, can under the state of force balance, the people be descended reposefully, consequently, no matter be heavy people of supporting body or the light people of body weight, in the different occasion of above-mentioned load-carrying (W), the stationarity in the time of can both guaranteeing safe speed and decline.

Escape apparatus of the present invention, except that shown in first and second embodiment, can also constitute various embodiment.

Slow cable to be taken place when falling the tool deflection tortuous, for this slow tool that falls that carries out friction slip under cable is tortuous state, also just like the slow tool of being represented by E that falls of Fig. 7.This slow fall tool about dispose pair of pin shape parts (cable contact component) (18), (19), make cable (1) cramping in the shell that constitutes by pair of side plates (17), (17), on the oblique lower position of the oblique upper position of above-mentioned left side pin shape parts (18) and above-mentioned right pin shape parts (19), be respectively arranged with brake rim (20), (21) simultaneously.Owing to slow fall tool and constitute in this way, even so descend the initial stage at the slow tool that falls, when the tension force on cable (1) is big not enough, should slow fall tool (E) deflection took place, then as shown in Figure 7, because cable (1) is gone up friction slip in brake rim (20), (21), so can guarantee necessary brake force.This slow tool that falls is in the heavy especially man-hour of decline body weight, owing to have bigger brake force, effect is fine.

In addition, for the lighter people of body weight, in the time of can not descending reposefully owing to too brake, preferably make the slow tool (F) that falls that is shown in Fig. 8, the compensated loop (22) that will be enclosed within outward on the cable (1) is arranged on by side plate (23), (23) top of the shell of Gou Chenging, make it carry out relative motion along circular-arc guide groove (24) in shell upper processing, and on this compensated loop (22) and between the spring hangering nail (25) that disposes on the bight, above-mentioned shell upper end, a tension spring (26) is installed, so that utilize the slow deflection of falling tool (F) of active force control of above-mentioned extension spring (26), thereby reduce brake force.

On the other hand, for corresponding to the increase of load-carrying and with the slow tool that falls of the clamping force cramping cable that increases, for example also have in Fig. 7 by the slow tool that falls shown in (G).This slow fall tool with cable (1) cramping in the shell that constitutes by pair of side plates (31), (31), and with the relative configuration of movable pads (32), the upper end of suspender member (3) is fixed on the movable pads (32) with fixed-bearing (33).Movable pads (32) utilizes the supporting pin (34) in its two side-prominent configuration to be embedded in above-mentioned side plate (31) (31) is gone up the inclined guide groove (35) that is shaped, and when this movable pads is subjected to downward pulling force, it will be pushed to fixed-bearing (33).In addition, on the sliding surface of these two liners (32), (33), paste (or coating) respectively big the and wear-resisting wadding of coefficient of friction (36) is arranged.Shown in Figure 7 a pair ofly slow up and down tool (E) falls, (G) utilizes connecting strand (connecting elements) (37) to interconnect.When interconnecting, can make the complications of cable (1) gentle slow, thereby steadily descend, and make the slow tool that falls that loads and unloads cable (1) or move, receive and keep connection quite convenient with connecting strand.In addition, dispose slow the falling of this downside that be connected to of the fit cable (1) freely of moving about in the slow top position that falls tool (G) of downside and fall L shaped guide card (27) on the tool, this connecting strand (37) is indexed to the position, side after being passed in the through hole of processing on the end on the guide card (27) (27a).Therefore, act on the slow deflection moment of falling on the tool (E) of upside and will become greatly, so the upside that can improve under same load (load-carrying) delays the deflection effect (being braking effect) of falling tool (E).

The slow tool (H) that falls shown in Figure 9 then utilizes leaf spring (40) to push the cable (1) that falls in the last through hole (39) of tool main body (38) by slow, and utilize lever (41) to push the back side (with the reverse side of contacted of cable (1)) of this leaf spring (40), in addition in a side of the point of application of above-mentioned lever (41), utilize connecting rod (42) to connect one and hang the coupling collar (43) that suspender member is used, thereby the clamping force of this cable of cramping (1) is increased with the weight of descender with being directly proportional.

In addition, the slow tool (I) that falls shown in Figure 10 is to utilize the cam (47) that is fixed on the camshaft (46) to push the cable (1) that falls in the last through hole (45) of tool main body (44) by slow, fan-shaped sheave (48) is fixed on the above-mentioned camshaft (46), end (49a) with pulling force rope (49) is fixed on this fan-shaped sheave (48) simultaneously, make pulling force rope (49) can export to the outside of main body (44) along the groove on the fan-shaped sheave (48), the other end (49b) of this pulling force rope (49) then is made to the coupling collar (50) that can hang suspender member.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of apparatus for life-saving, it disposes the upper end and is fixed in cable and upper and lower slow the fall tool of a pair of cramping on this cable that eminence is taken refuge mouthful, upside is slow to fall tool deflection strengthens corresponding to loading capacity increases, thereby it is tortuous that cable is taken place, the slow tool that falls of upside has a plurality of cable contact components in order to the execution friction slip that make cables that complications take place, the slow tool that falls of downside then constitutes like this, make brake force increase when increasing corresponding to loading capacity, in addition, downside is slow to fall tool and also has and hang the suspender member that descender is used, and this is upper and lower slowly to fall tool and connect with connecting elements.

2, a kind of according to the described escape apparatus of claim 1, wherein, below a plurality of cable contact components, promptly be fixed with connecting elements one side below and above opposition side, dispose brake rim respectively.

3, a kind of according to the described escape apparatus of claim 1, wherein, the compensated loop that is enclosed within outward on the cable is supported like this, make compensated loop in delaying the circular-arc guide groove that falls the processing of tool top, to move, on this compensated loop and in the slow bight, upper end that falls tool, dispose spring hangering nail, between spring hangering nail, dispose tension spring.

4, a kind of apparatus for life-saving, it disposes the upper end and is fixed in cable and upper and lower slow the fall tool of a pair of cramping on this cable that eminence is taken refuge mouthful, these two slow falls tool deflection strengthens corresponding to loading capacity increases, thereby it is tortuous that cable is taken place, these two the slow tools that fall have a plurality of cable contact components in order to the execution friction slip that make cables that complications take place, and the slow tool that falls of downside also has and hangs the suspender member that descender is used, and these two upper and lower slowly falls tool and utilize connecting elements to connect.

5, a kind of according to the described escape apparatus of claim 4, wherein, below a plurality of cable contact components, promptly be fixed with connecting elements one side below and above opposition side, dispose brake rim respectively.

6, a kind of according to the described escape apparatus of claim 4, wherein, the compensated loop that is enclosed within outward on the cable is supported like this, make compensated loop in delaying the circular-arc guide groove that falls the processing of tool top, to move, on this compensated loop and in the slow bight, upper end that falls tool, dispose spring hangering nail, between spring hangering nail, dispose tension spring.

7, a kind of apparatus for life-saving, it disposes the upper end and is fixed in cable that eminence takes refuge mouthful and a pair of cramping on this cable, the slow down tool that falls, upside is slow to fall tool deflection strengthens corresponding to loading capacity increases, thereby it is tortuous that cable is taken place, the upside descending lifeline has a plurality of cables that make the tortuous cable contact component in order to the execution friction slip takes place, downside is slow to fall tool and constitutes like this, make corresponding to the increase of loading capacity and clamping force cramping cable to increase, simultaneously, downside is slow to fall tool and also has in order to hanging the suspender member of descender, on these two, down slowly fall tool and utilize connecting elements to connect.

8, a kind of according to the described escape apparatus of claim 7, wherein, below a plurality of cable contact components, promptly be fixed with connecting elements one side below and above opposition side, dispose brake rim respectively.

9, a kind of according to the described escape apparatus of claim 7, wherein, the compensated loop that is enclosed within outward on the cable is supported like this, make compensated loop in delaying the circular-arc guide groove that falls the processing of tool top, to move, on this compensated loop and in the slow bight, upper end that falls tool, dispose spring hangering nail, between spring hangering nail, dispose tension spring.

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