CN85202387U - Double-acting hydraulic impactor for oil drilling - Google Patents
Double-acting hydraulic impactor for oil drilling Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本发明是一种石油钻井井下工具。The invention relates to an oil drilling downhole tool.
冲击回转技术已在地质岩心钻探中广泛应用并取得很高的经济效益（参见附件1：1981年10月中国地质学会探矿工程委员会《冲击回转钻井技术专题报告讨论会集锦》）冲击器在石油钻井中应用的研究工作国外已经取得了许多进展。目前国外的石油钻井冲击器《钻井震击器》所述的（1984年第五期《油气田开发工程译丛》，译自《ЬУРЕНИЕ》1983.№.2）一般有一带活塞的空心冲锤，其上部有一轴向滑阀或端面活阀，泥浆通过冲锤和冲锤下部接头的砧子中心流至钻头。冲锤上的弹簧迫使锤接触阀，关闭冲锤中心流道，在上部泥浆压力作用下冲锤连同阀高速下行，冲击砧子及钻头，这阀由于行程限位机构先打开并在弹簧作用下上行回复原位，继而冲锤在砧子反弹和弹簧力作用下上行至阀处，开始上下往复运动，产生了钻头的高频冲击。这些冲击器的不足之处是由于单作用需使用弹簧，液能转换效率低，弹簧在化学成分复杂的泥浆中高频振动易氢脆、断裂。活塞一般采用常规密封件，在高速运动条件下，强度低、寿命短，冲孔时需减小排量，否则会产生不必要的冲击。本发明的目的是：提高冲击器液能转换效率，取消弹簧，改善钻头喷嘴流束状况。Percussive rotary technology has been widely used in geological core drilling and has achieved high economic benefits (see Appendix 1: "Summary of the Seminar on Percussive Rotary Drilling Technology" by the Exploration Engineering Committee of the Chinese Geological Society in October 1981) impactors are used in oil drilling A lot of progress has been made abroad in the research work applied in the field. At present, foreign oil drilling hammers described in "Drilling Javers" (the fifth issue of "Oil and Gas Field Development Engineering Translation Collection" in 1984, translated from "ЬУРЕНИЕ" 1983.№.2) generally have a hollow hammer with a piston, There is an axial slide valve or end face valve in the upper part, and the mud flows to the drill bit through the center of the anvil of the hammer and the lower joint of the hammer. The spring on the hammer forces the hammer to contact the valve, closing the central flow channel of the hammer, and under the action of the upper mud pressure, the hammer and the valve go down at high speed, impacting the anvil and the drill bit, and the valve is opened first due to the travel limit mechanism and under the action of the spring Go up and return to the original position, and then the hammer goes up to the valve under the rebound of the anvil and the force of the spring, and starts to reciprocate up and down, resulting in high-frequency impact of the drill bit. The disadvantage of these impactors is that due to the need to use a spring for single action, the conversion efficiency of liquid energy is low, and the high-frequency vibration of the spring in the mud with complex chemical composition is prone to hydrogen embrittlement and fracture. The piston generally adopts conventional seals. Under the condition of high-speed movement, the strength is low and the life is short. When punching, the displacement needs to be reduced, otherwise unnecessary impact will occur. The purpose of the invention is to improve the liquid energy conversion efficiency of the impactor, cancel the spring, and improve the jet stream condition of the drill nozzle.
本发明的活阀（3）为双作用式，其上方的低压腔（15）与井壁环形空间连通，活阀（3）把内腔和低压腔隔开。位于活阀（3）下方的冲锤（12）上部背向装着两个上小下大的活塞（7）、（11）两活塞（7）、（11）间的低压腔（17）与井壁环形空间相通。冲锤（12）下面的砧子（14）与外筒（1）以花键联接，转盘扭矩及冲锤（12）冲击力均由砧子（14）传给钻头。The active valve (3) of the present invention is a double-acting type, and the low-pressure chamber (15) above it communicates with the annular space of the well wall, and the active valve (3) separates the inner cavity from the low-pressure chamber. The upper part of the hammer (12) located under the live valve (3) is facing away from the two pistons (7), (11), which are small on the top and big on the bottom, and the low-pressure chamber (17) between the two pistons (7), (11) and the well The wall annular spaces are connected. The anvil (14) below the hammer (12) is connected with the outer cylinder (1) with a spline, and the rotating disk torque and the impact force of the hammer (12) are all transmitted to the drill bit by the anvil (14).
本工具是在泥浆条件下工作的。在一定排量下，通过钻头喷嘴的泥浆在高压腔（16）与外形环形空间之间造成一定压力差。由于上、下活塞（7）（11）面积上小下大，该压差在上、下活塞（7）、（11）上造成的推力也是上小下大，两力之合力方向向上，迫使冲锤（12）上行（上返行程S返），直至冲锤（12）上端面与活阀（3）下端面闭合。这时泥浆流被阻断，钻头喷嘴压降骤然下降。而上活塞（7）上部空腔的压力由于水击作用猛然上升，巨大的推力使活阀（3）及冲锤（12）疾速下行（快速行程S快）。当活阀（3）下行一段距离受到活阀限位套（6）阻止时，两闭合面打开泥浆流道畅道，快速行程结束，活阀（3）在高压腔（16）与井壁环空压差的作用下迅速上返至上死点，冲锤（12）由于惯性作用下继续下行数毫米（自由行程S自，与快速行程S快合为工作行程SI），以较大的动能冲击砧子（14），砧子（14）把冲击力传给钻头，完成了一次冲击动作。砧子（14）的反弹和泥浆压差作用使冲锤（12）又一次上行，不停地往复运动，使钻头产生高频冲击。This tool works in mud conditions. Under a certain displacement, the mud passing through the nozzle of the drill bit causes a certain pressure difference between the high-pressure chamber (16) and the outer annular space. Since the area of the upper and lower pistons (7) (11) is small at the top and large at the bottom, the thrust caused by the pressure difference on the upper and lower pistons (7) and (11) is also small at the top and large at the bottom, and the resultant direction of the two forces is upward, forcing The hammer (12) goes up (upward return stroke S returns ), until the upper end surface of the hammer (12) is closed with the lower end surface of the live valve (3). At this time, the mud flow is blocked, and the pressure drop of the drill bit nozzle drops suddenly. And the pressure of the upper cavity of the upper piston (7) rises suddenly due to the water hammer effect, and the huge thrust makes the live valve (3) and the impact hammer (12) descend rapidly (fast stroke S is fast ). When the live valve (3) goes down for a certain distance and is stopped by the live valve limit sleeve (6), the two closed surfaces open the mud flow channel, and the rapid stroke ends. Under the action of the air pressure difference, it quickly returns to the top dead center, and the hammer (12) continues to move downward for several millimeters due to the inertia (the free stroke S, and the fast stroke S is quickly combined to form the working stroke S I ), with a large kinetic energy Impact anvil (14), and anvil (14) passes impact force to drill bit, has finished an impact action. The rebound of the anvil (14) and the effect of the mud pressure difference make the hammer (12) go up again and reciprocate continuously, so that the drill bit produces high-frequency impact.
与国外现有的石油钻井液力冲击器的不同点是：本工具的活阀和冲锤均采用双作用形式，其它特点如下：The difference from the existing foreign oil drilling hydraulic impactor is that the live valve and impact hammer of this tool adopt double-acting form, and other features are as follows:
上、下活塞（7）、（11）采用类似于活塞式钻井泥浆泵上普遍采用的带有护环（8）、（10）的大皮碗组合式活塞，耐高温、耐磨、寿命长、工作可靠。上活塞（7）直径90～120mm，下活塞直径110～114mm，上、下面积比取0.5～0.65。活塞皮碗材料可采用耐油、耐高温的中高硬丁晴橡胶，活塞（7）、（11）用压板、卡簧或螺帽或其它方式固定。上活塞皮碗内孔取φ70mm左右，下活塞皮碗取φ90mm左右。为了便于安装下活塞，可将冲锤分为两体，上一部分安装上、下活塞，与冲锤（12）主体通过锥面或螺纹联接。The upper and lower pistons (7), (11) adopt large leather bowl combined pistons with retaining rings (8), (10) similar to those commonly used on piston drilling mud pumps, which are resistant to high temperature, wear-resistant and have a long service life , Reliable work. The diameter of the upper piston (7) is 90-120 mm, the diameter of the lower piston is 110-114 mm, and the ratio of the upper and lower areas is 0.5-0.65. The piston leather cup material can adopt oil-resistant, high-temperature-resistant medium-high-hard nitrile rubber, and piston (7), (11) are fixed with pressing plate, snap ring or nut or other means. The inner hole of the upper piston cup is about φ70mm, and the lower piston cup is about φ90mm. In order to facilitate the installation of the lower piston, the hammer can be divided into two parts. The upper part is equipped with the upper and lower pistons, and is connected with the main body of the hammer (12) through a cone or thread.
活阀（3）和活阀配合之表面应进行硬化处理，其上密封圈采用Y型或V型。活阀杆直径应在φ20～φ40之间。为了减轻质量活阀（3）可做成空心的。必要时也可加入弹簧将阀做成单作用式，可省去密封。活阀（3）下端面有效直径应大于φ30，以便与冲锤上端面较好地接触闭合。The surface of the live valve (3) and the live valve should be hardened, and the sealing ring on it should be Y-shaped or V-shaped. The diameter of the live valve stem should be between φ20 and φ40. Can be made hollow in order to reduce mass live valve (3). If necessary, a spring can also be added to make the valve a single-acting type, which can save the seal. The effective diameter of the lower end surface of the live valve (3) should be greater than φ30 so as to better contact and close with the upper end surface of the ram.
冲锤限位套（13）与砧子（14）用螺纹连接，并套装在冲锤上，套的上部有一向内凸起的台阶，其直径小于冲锤（12）下部凸台外接圆直径。当砧子（14）相对外筒下行超过约10mm时限位套凸台接触冲锤上的凸台，将冲锤拉下。冲锤限位套（13）的作用是在冲孔钻头离井底时，泥浆压力将砧子（14）压下，冲锤限位套（13）拉住冲锤（12）使其上端面无法和活阀（3）下端面接触，从而不产生冲击，避免了不必要的能量损失和零件磨损。The hammer limit sleeve (13) is threadedly connected with the anvil (14), and is set on the hammer. The upper part of the sleeve has an inwardly protruding step whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the lower boss of the hammer (12). . When the anvil (14) descends relative to the outer cylinder by more than about 10mm, the boss of the spacer sleeve contacts the boss on the hammer, and the hammer is pulled down. The function of the hammer limit sleeve (13) is that when the punching bit leaves the bottom of the well, the mud pressure will press down the anvil (14), and the hammer limit sleeve (13) will pull the punch hammer (12) to make its upper end surface It cannot be in contact with the lower end surface of the live valve (3), so that no impact is generated, and unnecessary energy loss and wear of parts are avoided.
活阀（3）下端面至钻头之间无任何节流或换向装置，其间任何截面的过水断面直径应大于5cm2，工作时，直接借用钻头喷嘴压降作为工作背压，同时使喷流束变为压力波动很大的脉动流，增加了清岩和喷射钻井效果。There is no throttling or reversing device between the lower end surface of the live valve (3) and the drill bit, and the diameter of the water passing section of any section in between should be greater than 5cm 2 . The stream becomes a pulsating flow with large pressure fluctuations, increasing the effect of rock cleaning and jet drilling.
套在活阀上的碟形弹簧（5）可缓冲冲锤上行的冲击，储存能量，并使活阀和冲锤能更好地接触闭合。碟形弹簧（5）内径应在活阀（3）杆直径和活阀下端面直径之间选取，一般仅大于前者1～3mm，数量在2个左右。The disc spring (5) sleeved on the live valve can buffer the upward impact of the ram, store energy, and make the live valve and the ram contact and close better. The disc spring (5) internal diameter should be selected between the diameter of the live valve (3) rod and the diameter of the lower end face of the live valve, generally only 1-3mm larger than the former, and the number is about 2.
外筒（1）上和上、下活塞（7）（11）配合处最易磨损，应进行表面强化处理，如渗碳或多元共渗，然后淬火，如有条件可进一步镀一层0.02～0.07mm的硬铬。The upper part of the outer cylinder (1) and the upper and lower pistons (7) (11) are most prone to wear and tear, and should be subjected to surface strengthening treatment, such as carburizing or multi-component co-infiltration, and then quenched. If possible, a layer of 0.02~ 0.07mm hard chrome.
活阀（3）上部低压腔（15）和两活塞间低压腔（17）通过带有滤网的空心的滤塞（9）与井壁环空相通，滤塞（9）装在外筒上，用螺纹或卡簧固定。两个腔各塞滤塞3～4个，滤塞（9）孔径应大于φ10。The upper low-pressure chamber (15) of the live valve (3) and the low-pressure chamber (17) between the two pistons communicate with the annulus of the well wall through a hollow filter plug (9) with a filter screen, and the filter plug (9) is installed on the outer cylinder. Secure with threads or snap rings. Each of the two chambers has 3 to 4 filter plugs, and the filter plug (9) aperture should be greater than φ10.
冲锤（12）的重量及行程分别可根据不同冲击功和频率要求分为数级（范围见本说明书主要性能参数范围）。冲锤行程的调整是通过调整套（4）实现的。The weight and stroke of the impact hammer (12) can be divided into several levels according to different impact energy and frequency requirements (see the scope of the main performance parameters in this manual). The adjustment of the stroke of the hammer is realized through the adjustment sleeve (4).
为了便于加工、调整、拆装和维护，外筒（1）上部（活阀（3）上方），开口朝上，与外筒间应留有足够的泥浆流道，最小过水断面应大于10cm2。蓄能器（2）的作用是吸收活阀（3）突然关闭时剧烈的压力波动，保护冲击器及上部钻具。并在冲锤（12）下行末时补充部分不足的液量，提高冲击效率，同时防止气蚀。In order to facilitate processing, adjustment, disassembly and maintenance, the upper part of the outer cylinder (1) (above the live valve (3)) should open upwards, and there should be enough mud flow passages between the outer cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the minimum cross-section should be greater than 10cm 2 . The function of the accumulator (2) is to absorb the severe pressure fluctuation when the live valve (3) is suddenly closed, so as to protect the impactor and the upper drilling tool. And at the end of the hammer (12) descending, the partially insufficient liquid volume is replenished to improve the impact efficiency and prevent cavitation simultaneously.
主要性能参数范围：Main performance parameter range:
钻头直径 （吋） 6～12 1/4Drill diameter (inch) 6～12 1/4
冲锤重量 （kg） 20～100Hammer weight (kg) 20～100
工作行程 （mm） 10～50Working stroke (mm) 10～50
自由行程 （mm） ≥4～7Free stroke (mm) ≥4～7
冲击频率 （次／分） 100～500Impact frequency (times/min) 100～500
冲击功 （kg～m） 30～150Impact energy (kg～m) 30～150
上活塞直径（mm） 50～140Upper piston diameter (mm) 50～140
下活塞直径（mm） 80～160Lower piston diameter (mm) 80～160
上下活塞面积比 0.5～0.65Upper and lower piston area ratio 0.5～0.65
工作压力 （kg／cm2） 10～60Working pressure (kg/cm 2 ) 10～60
平均排量下钻头Average Displacement Bottom Bit
背 压 （kg／cm2） 10～30Back pressure (kg/cm 2 ) 10～30
泥浆排量 （l／s） 10～40Mud displacement (l/s) 10～40
本发明的优点是，取消了弹簧，提高了液能转换效率，延长了活塞寿命，避免了冲孔时不必要的另件磨损，减缓了冲击器造成上部钻具中的压力波动。The invention has the advantages of canceling the spring, improving the conversion efficiency of liquid energy, prolonging the life of the piston, avoiding unnecessary wear of parts during punching, and slowing down the pressure fluctuation in the upper drilling tool caused by the impactor.
附图中：（1）外筒，（2）蓄能器，（3）活阀，（4）调整套，（5）碟形弹簧，（6）活阀限位套，（7）上活塞，（8）（10）尼龙环，（9）滤塞，（11）下活塞，（12）冲锤，（13）冲锤限位套，（14）砧子，（15）（17）低压腔，（16）高压腔。In the drawings: (1) Outer cylinder, (2) Accumulator, (3) Live valve, (4) Adjusting sleeve, (5) Disc spring, (6) Live valve limit sleeve, (7) Upper piston , (8) (10) nylon ring, (9) filter plug, (11) lower piston, (12) impact hammer, (13) impact hammer limit sleeve, (14) anvil, (15) (17) low pressure Chamber, (16) high pressure chamber.
本冲击器入井使用前须结合前面所述的参数范围根据钻井工程的要求调整参数，对于8 1/2 ″井眼中所用冲击器，工作行程一般选15～25冲锤重量50～70kg泥浆排量与常见钻井泥浆排量相近，约20～30升／秒，钻头喷嘴面积的确定是以该排量下的理论喷嘴压降应在10～30kg／cm2范围内为依据的。钻井时使用钻压应为5～9吨，开泵后迅速增加转速，大排量情况下较易起动。希望提高频率和冲击功，可加大排量。Before the impactor is used in the well, the parameters must be adjusted according to the requirements of the drilling project in combination with the parameter range mentioned above. For the impactor used in the 8 1/2 ″ borehole, the working stroke is generally 15-25 hammer weight 50-70kg mud displacement It is similar to the displacement of common drilling mud, about 20-30 liters per second. The determination of the nozzle area of the drill bit is based on the fact that the theoretical nozzle pressure drop under this displacement should be within the range of 10-30kg/ cm2 . When drilling, use a drill The pressure should be 5-9 tons. After starting the pump, increase the speed quickly, and it is easier to start under the condition of large displacement. If you want to increase the frequency and impact power, you can increase the displacement.
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| CN85202387U CN85202387U (en) | 1985-06-07 | 1985-06-07 | Double-acting hydraulic impactor for oil drilling |
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| CN85202387U CN85202387U (en) | 1985-06-07 | 1985-06-07 | Double-acting hydraulic impactor for oil drilling |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101319595B (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-06-02 | 吉林大学 | Jet impactor for oil and gas drilling |
| CN102052056A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Hydraulic jet type impactor |
| CN103775006A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Underground remote control while drilling telescopic drill collar |
| CN104563910A (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Underground while-drilling remote control telescopic short drill collar |
| CN105178845A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Hydraulic impact generating device |
| CN105909166A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-31 | 西南石油大学 | Spiral double-stage compounding impacting device for drilling well speed raising and effect enhancing |
| CN106368664A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-02-01 | 长江大学 | Pulse type fracturing sliding sleeve |
| CN106401461A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-02-15 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | High-frequency double-acting hydraulic impact device |
| CN109138888A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil drilling waterpower low frequency impact device |
| CN116291182A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-06-23 | 西南石油大学 | A valve-type double-acting hydraulic impactor capable of improving working performance and its method |
-
1985
- 1985-06-07 CN CN85202387U patent/CN85202387U/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101319595B (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-06-02 | 吉林大学 | Jet impactor for oil and gas drilling |
| CN102052056A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Hydraulic jet type impactor |
| CN103775006B (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2016-02-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole drill remote control telescopic drill collar |
| CN103775006A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Underground remote control while drilling telescopic drill collar |
| CN104563910B (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2016-08-24 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Downhole drill remote control telescopic stub boring is quickly |
| CN104563910A (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Underground while-drilling remote control telescopic short drill collar |
| CN105178845A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Hydraulic impact generating device |
| CN105909166A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-31 | 西南石油大学 | Spiral double-stage compounding impacting device for drilling well speed raising and effect enhancing |
| CN106401461A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-02-15 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | High-frequency double-acting hydraulic impact device |
| CN106368664A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-02-01 | 长江大学 | Pulse type fracturing sliding sleeve |
| CN109138888A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil drilling waterpower low frequency impact device |
| CN109138888B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2025-03-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Hydraulic low frequency impactor for oil drilling |
| CN116291182A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-06-23 | 西南石油大学 | A valve-type double-acting hydraulic impactor capable of improving working performance and its method |
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