CN85100861A - Semi-lining, high quality, low energy consumption electric slag re-smelting of alloy - Google Patents
Semi-lining, high quality, low energy consumption electric slag re-smelting of alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN85100861A CN85100861A CN85100861.5A CN85100861A CN85100861A CN 85100861 A CN85100861 A CN 85100861A CN 85100861 A CN85100861 A CN 85100861A CN 85100861 A CN85100861 A CN 85100861A
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of novel electro-slag re-melting method.Its technical characterictic is: partly have lining to exchange esr, stack direct current chemical refining and vertical novel electroslag refining device of crystallization stripping three bonded and technology thereof, it can reduce power consumption significantly, vivaciously elemental composition not burning in esr process steel and the alloy be can make simultaneously, gas in the alloy, foreign matter content reduced effectively, reduce the alloy microsegregation, significantly improve the resmelting ingot quality.
Description
The present invention is a kind of electroslag remelting technique, it provide a kind of reduce the electroslag energy consumption, accurately control alloying constituent, improve the electroslag refining method of alloy and steel quality.
Existing electric slag refusion metallurgy technology has played significant pushing effect to improving aspects such as steel and alloy mass, raising lumber recovery.But this technology itself exists following three aspect deficiencies:
1. power consumption height, the electric energy effective rate of utilization only reaches 24～44%;
2. active melting loss of elements such as steel alloy and alloy remelting process Al, Ti, alloying constituent is difficult for accurately control; (O), (N), their content of mother metal reflow process that (H) equal size is low can be increased by topsoil.
3. the big section ESR ingot of steel alloy (as 38CrMoALA) or superalloy (as GH37, GH49 etc.) is prone to defectives such as spot segregation; Improve crystalline quality and boost productivity and have certain contradiction.
For many years, the above problem of metallurgical bound pair has been done many research work respectively.(1-13) mainly is that the closing removing the work is put short net, improves packing ratio, improves the slag resistance, improved remelting speed and improve the electric heating utilization ratio reducing aspect the power consumption for example, do not account for total energy consumption 30～45% slag bath heat leakages but eliminate all the time.And for example pass by many adjust slag system ingredient, adopt the patent design of protective atmosphere and G.BohLer stack direct current chemical control electroslag composition of steel, degas, go to be mingled with.But still fail to solve simultaneously the problem of above 1,3 liang of aspect.So far still there is not the report that comprehensively addresses these problems simultaneously in a word.
The present invention has designed slag bath has lining to exchange electroslag, stack direct current chemical refining and the axial novel electroslag device that closes of crystallization stripping three crystalline substances, and corresponding technology is provided, and to reduce electroslag steel energy consumption significantly be first purpose of the present invention to reach; Accurately the active elemental composition of control, reduce gas in the steel, be mingled with content and distribution is second purpose of the present invention; Reduce the microsegregation of remelting ESR ingot, improving big section ESR ingot crystalline quality is the 3rd purpose of the present invention.
The present invention's semi-lining, high quality, low energy consumption electric slag re-smelting of alloy device is shown in Fig. 1.Insert in the conductive slag slag bath 5 metal consumable electrode 4 lower ends, make it fusing by supply transformer 10 output AC electricity, refining carries out the transition to metal pool 6 through slag bath to form metal drop, solidifies gradually by water-cooling subbase 8 and water-cooled copper crystallizer 1 to form ESR ingot 7, and its feature is as follows:
1. esr process anti-air pollution and electrochemistry a refining unit: an additional rectifying device 11 in electroslag furnace AC power master loop usually, its positive pole remains slag bath by non-consumable ring electrode 3 and is in positive potential, and consumable electrode and metal pool weekly ripple alternately be in negative potential, make metal be in cathode protecting state, thereby restrain the scaling loss of active element; Detrimental impurity such as it (S), (O), (N), (H) are able to electric Jie's refining and further removal in the molten metal simultaneously, and this is one of advantage of the present invention.
2. impel the stripping energy saver of the axial crystallization of steel or alloy pig: common crystallizer for electroslag furnace is shortened to mainly molten metal crystallization and the cooling of ingot body, and it highly is 1～2 times of its internal diameter; And the major portion around the slag bath adds the thermal insulation material insulation with the non-consumable ring electrode, make the slag bath radial temperature profile even, respective metal bath radial temperature difference also reduces, the molten bath is shallow flats, thereby impel alloy liquid along the vertical crystallization of ingot, further improve the hot-workability of alloy pig, overcome the segregation defective of big section ESR ingot.This is two of an advantage of the present invention.Because slag bath cancellation water-cooled, can significantly reduce the heat lost by radiation of slag bath, guaranteeing under the former remelting rate conditions, on original conservation measures (as big packing ratio, reasonable short net etc.) basis, also can further reduce power input 20～35%, the 3rd advantage of the present invention.
Non-consumable ring electrode of the present invention can be graphite material or graphite composite material, and for increasing the service life, its surface can be coated with MoSi
2Deng the high temperature resistance coating; Its top connects the conductive chuck place and answers water-cooled, and its underpart cooperates with the crystallizer mother-son mouth flange joint that should be suitable for reading, and with high-temperature insulating coating 9 mutually insulateds, this spline structure is beneficial to smooth stripping.
The also available BN material of non-consumable ring electrode of the present invention is made lining, and Al is placed in its outside
2O
3Or ZrO
2Deng thermal insulation material and obtain energy-saving effect significantly.
Water-cooling subbase of the present invention upper surface should be able to stretch to when esr begins in the crystallizer apart from latter upper surface 30～50mm, is coated with around it with high-temperature insulation lacquer 9 and crystallizer insulation.This structure can make the esr whole process, comprises that the spindle bottom metal is subjected to electro-chemical protection and refining treatment entirely.The stripping device of the present invention's water-cooling subbase oscilaltion adopts intermittently travel mechanism of short period, and it can be the mechanical transmission that electricity drives or is complementary with electrode melting speed; Intermittently moving total cycle is 10～15S, weekly the phase rest with the traveling time ratio be 1: 2～3, be beneficial to ingot body, slag crust cooling, improve the stripping quality.
Superalloy with the following composition of above device remelting :≤0.1%C, 9～25%Cr ,≤16%Co ,≤7%W ,≤7%Mo ,≤4.8%Al ,≤2.9%Ti ,≤0.8%V ,≤0.02%B ,≤5%Nb+Ta ,≤18%Fe, Ni surplus; Adopt corresponding slag system ingredient: 20～28%Al
2O
3, 4～14%MgO ,≤10%CaO ,≤0.6%TiO
2, CaF
2Surplus; The galvanic current density that is superimposed on consumable metal electrode and metal pool be respectively 0.3～1.8 peace/centimetre
2With 0.2～1.8 the peace/centimetre
2, input electroslag furnace gross electric capacity is existing 70%, the remelting speed that can keep having electroslag now can obtain alloying constituent precise control, the good ESR ingot of low, the vertical crystal structure densification of foreign matter content.The present invention equally also obtains good result to remelted alloy steel and highquality carbon steel.
Understand for design apparatus provided by the invention and Technology are had preferably, and superiority of the present invention is had correct an evaluation, the spy provides following illustration.
The consumable electrode mother metal is GH49, GH37 superalloy and GCr15 bearing rod iron, and the crystallizer diameter is 85/88mm.Slag charge CaF
2For using Fe-Al electroslag purifying industrial fluorite, Al
2O
3, CaO is technical pure, MgO is 80 meshes industry electrofusion magnesia powder, TiO
2Be technical pure; In resistance furnace more than 850 ℃ of roasting 3h, every slag amount is 850q before using, and draws the attach most importance to CaF of 10g of flux
2With Ni(or Fe) powder is by the pressure caking of 2: 3 mixings, and dummy ingot heelpiece and consumable electrode are congruent.Slag charge is that the slag bath temperature reaches about 1700 ℃ and keeps 4min, exchanges consumable electrode remelting under atmosphere then with the permanent electrode fusing, and direct current simultaneously superposes; The remelting voltage of alternating current is 26 volts, and voltage is 700 amperes.GH49, GH37 alloy adopt slag system to be respectively 68.5%CaF
2-5%MgO-26%Al
2O
3-0.5%TiO
2And 51.5%CaF
2-14%MgO-26%Al
2O
3-8%CaO-0.5%TiO
2Adjust the direct current density I of consumable electrode, metal pool respectively by voltate regulator
e, I
pWhen bath surface apart from 5 to 8mm places, non-consumable ring electrode end, crystallizer begins to descend and corresponding lifting with consumable electrode.At steel ingot top sampling analysis Al, Ti, Mg, S, O, C, N etc.Be the as-cast structure of examination resmelting ingot, the vertical profile steel ingot is done high low power observation.The total power consumption of electroslag process is surveyed by watt-hour meter.Experimental result is as follows:
1. esr power consumption
Novel electroslag of laboratory scale the present invention and the contrast of common electroslag power consumption, as shown in table 1, wherein used slag system of remelting GCr15 steel and GH37 alloy phase are together.The ingot weight average is 8Kg, and power consumption shown in the table all comprises fusing slag charge power consumption.Under identical ingot shape and packing ratio condition, when remelting speed was basic identical, novel electroslag reduced nearly 1/3 than the ratio power consumption of common electroslag.Shown in the table be packing ratio 0.174 and 0.142 than power consumption value.If increase packing ratio, increase ingot shape, also can further the reducing of then novel electroslag than power consumption value.
Novel electroslag of table 1 and the contrast of common electroslag remelted alloy power consumption
2. the variation of active element and foreign matter content in the esr alloy
Along with the increase of stack galvanic current density, (Al), (Mg), the corresponding increase of (Ti) content in the alloy, and (S), (O), the corresponding reduction of (N) content; The GH49 alloy adopts stack DC component Ie, Ip to be respectively 1.17 and 1.8A/Cm
2, esr process (Al) (Ti) not burning, (Mg) can be controlled in 60ppm; (O) reduces to 27ppm by 50, increases by 14% than common electroslag (being Ie=Ip=O) deoxidation rate; (S) can reduce to 10ppm by 22ppm, takes off S than common electroslag and leads increase by 50%; (N) can reduce to 5ppm by 15, takes off N than common electroslag and leads and increase by 60%; Adopt corresponding slag system remelting GH37 alloy, when stack galvanic current density Ie, Ip are respectively 1.17 and 0.40A/Cm
2, (Al), (Ti) not burning, (Mg) can reach 86ppm; Reflow process (O) can be reduced to 13ppm by 50, improves deoxidation rate 54% than common electroslag; (S) can be reduced to below the 10ppm by 20ppm, improves desulfurization degree 50%; (N) can reduce to 40ppm, raising denitrification percent 41% by 82.As adjust slag system ingredient, all compositions can obtain different results in the respective alloy.In a word, all reactions of slag are controlled by chemical thermodynamics not only, but also restricted by the Nerst equation, and can more freely control alloying constituent by adjustment slag system ingredient and stack DC component is advantage of the present invention with further reduction foreign matter content.
The ESR ingot crystal structure be mingled with distribution
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are respectively the present invention's the GH37 alloy pig vertical profile macrostructure photo that energy-conservation electroslag of lining high-quality and common esr are partly arranged.Fig. 2 shows the column crystal as-cast structure of approximate parallel ingot axle.
Because axially crystallization, nitride inclusion that crystallisation process is separated out and oxide inclusion are passed to metal pool by the column crystal forward position, and most unlikely interdendritic that is clamped in, so ingot body nitride inclusion content is minimized.On the ingot top and following 10mm centre be spindle final set place, (N), (O) content are respectively up to 80.35ppm in the GH37 ingot of this position, other position of ingot body (N), (O) content are lower.Be respectively 40,13ppm.GH49 alloy pig top ends (N), (O) content respectively up to 35,37ppm, other position of ingot body is respectively 5,27ppm.
Because the slag bath radial temperature profile is more even, can strengthen the stirring action of slag bath, metal pool because of electromagnetic action because of exchanging electroslag stack direct current again, make the metal pool shape be flats, metal pool solid-liquid phase interface spacing reduces, thermograde strengthens, and helps alloy pig as-cast structure one secondary axes along axially development and the shortening of secondary between centers of ingot.The novel esr GH49 alloy pig dendritic structure that shows common electroslag and the present invention as Fig. 4, Fig. 5 respectively; The former secondary crystallographic axis spacing is that 70.7 μ m latter secondary dendrite arm spacings are decreased to 49.9 μ m, has weakened the microsegregation of alloy widely.
Quote the participate-reform document
[1] M.Elienne and A.Mitchell，Oxidation Losses of Low Levels of Ti-tanium Electroslag Remelting，Second International Symposium on Electroslag Remelting Technology Proceeding Part Ⅱ，Pittsburgh，Mellon Institute，1969，ed by G.K.Bhat.
[2] C.F.Knights and R.perkins，Electroslag Refining，London，1973.Iron and Steel Institute，P.35
[3] L.L.Gill and K.Harris，ibid.，P.89
[4] Chen Chongxi, king Chung pays the outstanding person, Chen Enpu, Acta Metallurgica Sinica Vol.17(1981) No.1, p.50
[5] Chen Chongxi, Gao Rongfu, Zhao Wenxiang, Acta Metallurgica Sinica VoL.20(1984) No.2, B137.
[6] J.Luchok and R.J.Roberts，Proc.4th Int.Symp.on ESR，P149-153（1973），G.K.Bhat.
[7] W.Holzgruber，Proc.5th Int.Symp.on ESR，part Ⅰ，P.33-37.
[8] C.P.Sullivan，A.F.Giamei and F.L.Versnyder，ibid，partⅡ，ed by G.K.Bhat and A.Simkovich，P.525-594.
[9]Ю.В.ΛаТаш，Б.И.Медовар，ЭΛекmрош
аковьl
nереn
ав，Москва《Мета
ургия》1970
[10]W.Holzgruber，P.Machner，E.ploeckinger and G.Boehler，Trans.Vacuum Metallurgy Conference，1969，American Vacuum Society，New York，P.415-429
[11]G.K.Bhat，AD.736785
[12] Geber Boehler English Patent 1230183,1971.
[13] NiLs-Ake Hovgard English Patent 1475730,1977.6.1
Claims (8)
1, semi-lining, high quality, low energy consumption electric slag re-smelting of alloy is a kind of electroslag remelting technique, the metal consumable electrode lower end is inserted and is fed alternating-current fusing, formation metal drop, the refining of process slag bath in the conductive slag, carries out the transition to metal pool, solidifies the formation ESR ingot gradually by water-cooling subbase and water-cooled copper crystallizer.Of the present invention being characterized as: around slag bath, adopt outside anti-scouring lining, and the water-cooled copper crystallizer is mainly used in metal pool, the cooling of ingot body with thermal insulation layer, and the interchange electroslag a refining unit of short period intermittent type stripping three combination.
2, the liner of the anti-scouring of the described slag bath of claim 1 is a graphite ring-type permanent electrode, and its internal surface can be coated with MoSi
2Deng the high temperature coating, its lower end is suitable for reading for the rim of the mouth flange joint cooperates with crystallizer, and insulate with high-temperature insulating coating.
3, the described slag bath of claim 1 lining material of anti-scouring can be BN, or the BN coating.
4, the described graphite ring-type of claim 2 permanent electrode; and additional respectively and the synchronous half-wave rectification bias voltage of master loop AC power between the metal consumable electrode, metal pool; make graphite annulus electrode (being liner) be in positive potential, make the metal consumable electrode of remelting and metal pool be in cathode protecting state with respect to the seasoning metal perseverance.
5, the described stripping of claim 1 mechanism can be an intermittently lifting mechanism of crystallizer short period.
6, press the device of claim 1 to 5, but remelting superalloy, steel alloy and carbon steel.
7, by claim 1,2 and 4, remelted alloy composition (wt%) was
C≤0.08, Cr9～12, Co 14～16, and W 5.0～6.5, and Mo 4.5～7.0, and AL 3.7～4.8, and Ti 1.4～2.9, and V 0.2～0.8, B≤0.02, Si≤0.15, Mn≤0.20, Ni is surplus; Adopt 53.4～74.6%CaF
2, 4～6%MgO, 20～28%AL
2O
3,≤8%CaO, 0.4～0.6%TiO
2Slag system; The galvanic current density that is superimposed on consumable electrode and metal pool is respectively 0.3～1.8A/cm
2
8, by claim 1,2,4, remelted alloy composition (wt%) is Ti 0.8～2.3 C≤0.10, Cr 13～20, W≤7, Mo 2～4, and Al 0.8～2.3, V≤0.5, B≤0.02, Nb+Ta≤5, Fe≤18, Ni is surplus, adopts 74～47.5%CaF
2, 6～14%MgO, 20～28%Al
2O
3,≤10CaO ,≤0.5%TiO
2Slag system, the galvanic current density that is superimposed on consumable electrode and metal pool is respectively 0.3～1.8A/cm
2With 0.2～0.6A/cm
2
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85100861.5A CN1004360B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Semi-lined electroslag remelting technology and device thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85100861.5A CN1004360B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Semi-lined electroslag remelting technology and device thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85100861A true CN85100861A (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| CN1004360B CN1004360B (en) | 1989-05-31 |
Family
ID=4791482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85100861.5A Expired CN1004360B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Semi-lined electroslag remelting technology and device thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1004360B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100343411C (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2007-10-17 | 河南中原特殊钢厂 | Steel for processing movement limiting core stick of continuous tube grimper and its producing process |
| CN102994769A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-03-27 | 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 | Remelting process of Ni-Cr-Mo anti-corrosion alloy stripping electroslag containing Ti |
| CN105039998A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-11 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Control method for cathode protection of high-voltage direct-current transmission grounding electrode |
| CN105039999A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-11 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Control method for realizing alternating cathode protection of direct current transmission grounding electrode |
| CN106834731A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 东北大学 | A kind of remelting slag system and smelting process for the low aluminium profiles steel grade of electroslag remelting titanium high |
| CN112746176A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 常州中钢精密锻材有限公司 | Method for controlling distribution of trace elements in ESR (equivalent series resistance) ingot |
-
1985
- 1985-04-01 CN CN85100861.5A patent/CN1004360B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100343411C (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2007-10-17 | 河南中原特殊钢厂 | Steel for processing movement limiting core stick of continuous tube grimper and its producing process |
| CN102994769A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-03-27 | 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 | Remelting process of Ni-Cr-Mo anti-corrosion alloy stripping electroslag containing Ti |
| CN102994769B (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-05-07 | 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 | Remelting process of Ni-Cr-Mo anti-corrosion alloy stripping electroslag containing Ti |
| CN105039998A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-11 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Control method for cathode protection of high-voltage direct-current transmission grounding electrode |
| CN105039999A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-11 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Control method for realizing alternating cathode protection of direct current transmission grounding electrode |
| CN105039999B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2018-03-16 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Control method for realizing alternating cathode protection of direct current transmission grounding electrode |
| CN106834731A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 东北大学 | A kind of remelting slag system and smelting process for the low aluminium profiles steel grade of electroslag remelting titanium high |
| CN112746176A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 常州中钢精密锻材有限公司 | Method for controlling distribution of trace elements in ESR (equivalent series resistance) ingot |
| CN112746176B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2024-03-22 | 常州中钢精密锻材有限公司 | Method for controlling trace element distribution in ESR cast ingot and application thereof |
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