CN2863536Y - Full speed electric automobile - Google Patents
Full speed electric automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN2863536Y CN2863536Y CN 200620080946 CN200620080946U CN2863536Y CN 2863536 Y CN2863536 Y CN 2863536Y CN 200620080946 CN200620080946 CN 200620080946 CN 200620080946 U CN200620080946 U CN 200620080946U CN 2863536 Y CN2863536 Y CN 2863536Y
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- motor
- wheels
- direct current
- trailing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a full speed electric vehicle, which comprises a car frame, a car body, a steering mechanism, a locking mechanism, a direct current motor, an accumulator and a direct current motor controller, wherein the two front wheels are main driving wheels and the two back wheels are assistant driving wheels, and the wheel hub and the direct current motor form an integral structure. Each front wheel is directly driven by one high specified-speed brushless direct current motor, and each back wheel is directly driven by one low specified-speed brushless direct current motor. The direct current motor controller controls the direct current motors of the four wheels which are main driving wheels and the two back wheels are assistant driving wheels. The wheel hub and the direct current motor form an integral structure without mechanical transmission, thereby the mechanical efficiency is improved by 36.9 percent to realize the electronic automatic differential gear effect. When in normal use, the back wheels are in the weak-driving condition and their driving forces are used to reduce the resistance and to improve the mechanical efficiency. The back wheels are taken as main driving wheels only when the vehicle is backing or is starting or is driving with low speed, thereby perfecting the low-speed performance of vehicles and improving uprising capacity.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of electronlmobil, relates in particular to a kind of double front wheel DC motor direct drive as the main full speed type electronlmobil that drives power, double rear wheel DC motor direct drive as the four wheel drive of assistive drive power.
Background technology
The patent No. is 99246523, the utility model name is called the patent of " electronlmobil ", discloses a kind of electronlmobil, belongs to field of vehicles.Be made up of vehicle frame, steering hardware, front axle, front-wheel, trailing wheel, hind axle, air baffle, storage battery, electrical motor, braking mechanism and control circuit, two trailing wheels are installed in respectively on two hind axles that are on the same axis; Between front axle and the vehicle frame damper spring is installed, damper spring and oil-pressure damper are installed between hind axle and the vehicle frame; Two hind axles respectively have a direct motor drive.Its claim is that " a kind of electronlmobil is made up of vehicle frame, steering hardware, front axle, front-wheel, trailing wheel, hind axle, air baffle, storage battery, electrical motor, braking mechanism and control circuit, it is characterized in that: air baffle is located at the vehicle frame front end; Vehicle frame is provided with seat, and vehicle body is an open type; Storage battery is installed under the seat; Two trailing wheels are installed in respectively on two hind axles that are on the same axis; Between front axle and the vehicle frame damper spring is installed, damper spring and oil-pressure damper are installed between hind axle and the vehicle frame; Two hind axles respectively have a direct motor drive, pass through the running of two electrical motors of control circuit may command when turning to, and realize that two trailing wheel differentials rotate.”
The patent No. is 03220253, the utility model name is called the patent of " passenger-cargo dual-purpose miniature electric automobile ", a kind of electronlmobil is disclosed, it is made up of loading space, back axle, DC motor, vehicle frame, storage battery, seat, steel spring suspension, braking and parking system, propons, wheel, vehicle body, electrical apparatus control system, steering system to belong to field of vehicles, the drive sprocket that it is characterized by on the direct current drive arbor is connected with hinge wheel on the rear-axle differential housing by chain, rotates to drive trailing wheel.Bolted connection loading space or back seat are adopted in the vehicle frame rear portion.Body outer skin all adopts glass fiber compound material.Its claim is that " passenger-cargo dual-purpose miniature electric automobile; it is made up of loading space (1), back axle (2), DC motor (3), vehicle frame (4), storage battery (5), seat (6), steel spring suspension (7), braking and parking system (8), propons (9), wheel (10), vehicle body (11), electrical apparatus control system (12), steering system (13); the drive sprocket (14) that it is characterized by on DC motor (3) axle is connected with hinge wheel (16) on the rear-axle differential housing by chain (15) rotates to drive trailing wheel.”
The patent No. is 86206640, the utility model name is called the patent of " domestic miniature electronlmobil ", a kind of domestic miniature electronlmobil that is fit to take four-player is disclosed, with DC motor and storage battery is propulsion source, utilize two parallel connections of light cavalry that remove two driving engines, two seat cushions, two steering handles, refill canopy and form.Its claim is that " a kind of domestic miniature electronlmobil; it comprises rain cover; vehicle frame; wheel; seat etc.; it is characterized in that: (1) automobile lower is by two parallel being connected into of light cavalry, remove two driving engines with girder steel (9) and (5) with two, two seat cushions, the parallel connection of the light cavalry of two steering handles, the steering hardware of steering handle (11) shift fork (10) and girder steel (1) is housed on girder steel (9), light cavalry by steering handle one side replaces driving engine with DC motor (12), changes the rotating speed of DC motor with the number of a multistage joint switch (2) change storage battery or voltage; 2 is propulsion source with storage battery and DC motor.”
The patent No. is 89212948, the utility model name is called the patent of " electronlmobil ", disclosing a kind of is the electronlmobil of the energy with the storage battery, back axle has two DC machine to link to each other with drive wheel, brake system is by steel rope, assembly pulley and rim brake are formed, and the speed of a motor vehicle is regulated and finished by the series parallel switch on storage battery and the motor path.Its claim is that " a kind of electronlmobil; have girder, propons, bearing circle; it is characterized in that: back axle is that two groups of independent powers hang; the two motors on the back axle is connected with two drive wheels respectively; motor is fixed on the driving arm; between support and the girder damping is arranged, there is transmission device to link to each other between motor output end and the drive wheel, braking system of electric car is made of steel rope and assembly pulley, live driver's lock and link to each other, insert a series parallel switch on the path between motor and the storage battery with the control break speed of a motor vehicle with the trailing wheel brake sheave.”
The patent No. is 01202978, the utility model name is called the patent of " electric motor car ", a kind of electric motor car that meets obstructions and can refund automatically in the time of can not advancing is disclosed, it is in existing power drives motor rotation, motor is by the rotation of gear transmission structure drive wheels, and each parts is not independent mutually, be electrically connected between the power supply and motor of the electric motor car that adopts welding manner, connect a commutator, dolly can change direction of current when being subjected to resistance and halting suddenly immediately, make the motor counter-rotating, dolly is refunded, and makes the light-emitting diode at dolly two ends alternately luminous, makes the loading of taking advantage of on the car turn over 180 ° immediately, each parts are separate, with screw fixings together, circuit adopts the mode of plugs and sockets to connect, and is convenient to disassembly and assembly.Its claim be " a kind of electric motor car is by power drives motor rotation; motor is by the rotation of gear transmission structure drive wheels;, car light and motor parallel; each parts are independent mutually; directly be electrically connected with welding manner; it is characterized in that: connect a commutator between power supply and motor, car light at two ends (light-emitting diode) and middle electromagnet deflector and motor parallel, gear steering device is connected with motor by the conduction axis of motor part, each parts is separate, with screw fixings together, circuit adopts the mode of plugs and sockets to connect.”
The patent No. is 00205960, the utility model name is called the patent of " novel electric vehicle ", a kind of electronlmobil is disclosed, it comprises chassis frame, vehicle body, electrical motor, battery, driving system, control and steering swivel system, wheel, safety and indicating system, Circuits System, described battery is to be provided with like this, battery is distributed in the vehicle frame both sides, on the short transverse of battery, half of battery is in the top of passenger's pedal bottom plate in the compartment, half is in the bottom of described pedal bottom plate, and the battery that is in the pedal bottom plate top partly is arranged on the below of passenger seat; Place the side door lid that the battery part is provided with battery in the vehicle body both sides.Its claim is " a kind of electronlmobil; it comprises chassis frame, vehicle body, electrical motor, battery, driving system; control and steering swivel system, wheel, safety and indicating system, Circuits System; it is characterized in that described battery is to be provided with like this; battery is distributed in the vehicle frame both sides; on the short transverse of battery, half of battery is in the top of passenger's pedal bottom plate in the compartment, half is in the bottom of described pedal bottom plate, and the battery that is in the pedal bottom plate top partly is arranged on the below of passenger seat; Place the side door lid that the battery part is provided with battery in the vehicle body both sides.”
The patent No. is 93209917, the utility model name is called the patent of " electronlmobil ", discloses a kind of electronlmobil, comprising: a separation type storage battery trailer, be connected in general electronlmobil after, carrying heavy weight storage battery to alleviate the weight of car, is promoted the performance of car; A plurality of small-sized alternating current generators are provided with the wheel nearside, and one takes turns a machine, borrow the wheel generating, and the usefulness of power supply road system and storage battery charging makes car prolong the distance of travelling; Have " post-motor back-wheel drive " and " front and rear electrical motor four wheel drive " two kinds of forms concurrently, adopt for big or small vehicle; One safety air bag is placed on the front portion of car, can protect steerman during collision; Also be provided with the preceding emulsion sheet of two-piece type car, sheet can slide under last to the inside under it, can avoid during collision decreasing.Its claim be " a kind of electronlmobil; comprise chassis and vehicle body, electrical motor, storage battery, driving system, control and steering swivel system, Suspension System, wheel, safety and indicating system and Circuits System; it is characterized in that; also comprise: a separation type storage battery trailer; be connected after the car body, carry all required storage batterys of this car; A plurality of small-sized alternating current generators, device is at the wheel nearside, and one takes turns a machine, generates electricity by means of wheel, required for described Circuits System and storage battery charging; Have " post-motor back-wheel drive " and " front and rear electrical motor four wheel drive " two kinds of patterns concurrently; One safety air bag is placed on the forefront of car; And an emulsion sheet before the two-piece type car, by up and down two form, following sheet can slide under last to the inside.”
The patent No. is 93238657, the utility model name is called the patent of " electronlmobil ", discloses a kind of electronlmobil, comprises automobile traveling part, transmission assembly, clutch assembly, work storage battery and circuit, power motor and power accumulator.It is characterized in that the power accumulator group that has two groups or more performance identical; Be in relation to the in parallel or series connection output of the mode switch of control pedal by on-off element control power accumulator group, at transmission assembly power take-off shaft place, it is right that the speedup power wheel is set, and wheel connects an electrical generator at a high speed.Its claim be " electronlmobil; comprise the automobile traveling part; transmission assembly; clutch assembly; work storage battery and circuit, power motor and power accumulator is characterized in that: a. has the identical power accumulator group of two groups or more performance; the mode switch that is in relation to control pedal is connected in the on-off element of the in parallel or series connection output of control power accumulator group, and on-off element is connected in the power accumulator group; B. it is right at transmission assembly power take-off shaft place the speedup power wheel to be set, and wheel connects an electrical generator at a high speed.”
The patent No. is 90216644, the utility model name is called the patent of " electronic microvan ", discloses a kind of miniature electric passenger vehicle, is made up of parts such as chassis, vehicle frame, car shell, wheel and driver trains.Its characteristics are with the battery pack supply of electrical energy that is loaded in the car, direct drive is loaded on two permanent magnet direct current motors of two rear wheel wheel hubs respectively, and adopting thyristor chopper speed control circuit that motor speed adjustment is save deceleration, differential mechanical transmission mechanism, front part of vehicle is equipped with minitype gas dynamotor can be to battery charge and supply motor electric energy in the way of travelling.Steering indicating light then is that a plurality of light-emitting diodes nest of tubes under the deep dark background constitute.Car body is small and exquisite, simple in structure, noise is little, cost is low, power consumptive province, safe and convenient to use.Its claim be " a kind of electronic microvan; include chassis, vehicle frame, car shell, wheel, driver train; it is characterized in that: (1) is separately installed with on two wheel hubs that drive trailing wheels owing to be loaded on battery pack supply of electrical energy in the car; and adopt two permanent magnet direct current motors of thyristor chopper speed control circuit speed governing, is used for direct drive trailing wheel respectively; (2) energy is housed is travelling in the way to the Small Generating Unit with Gasoline of battery charging in the front portion of vehicle; (3) the turn marking lamp is to constitute with a plurality of light-emitting diodes under the deep dark background.”
The patent No. is 03219325, the utility model name is called the patent of " electronic family-sized car ", discloses a kind of electronic family-sized car, belongs to mechanical manufacturing field.Crucial technology is weldering system accumulator box and accumulator box groove; The outer charging of car is changed fully, for a long time stopping for charging.The technical characterictic of this car is: the compartment is forward and backward respectively a lid that can start, and lid is respectively put an accumulator box groove on the vehicle frame down, and weldering system accumulator box number is charged, adorns on car two, and all the other are standby.Adorn major and minor two electrical motors on the rear axle, with gear transmission, powered vehicle.Major and minor two motors connects two accumulator boxs respectively and forms two drive systems by circuit controller, and general major and minor two drive systems can be used successively, and needs can drive with dual system when high-power.Its purposes is: substitute the fuel oil car, satisfy the energy and environmental protection requirement.Its claim be " electronic family-sized car with accumulator jar power supply, is characterized in that: its compartment front and rear portions respectively has a lid (1) that can start, lid down the vehicle frame relevant position, respectively the accumulator box groove (2) that can put accumulator box (3) arranged.”
The patent No. is 02254534, the utility model name is called the patent of " electronlmobil that uses storage battery container ", a kind of electronlmobil that uses storage battery container is disclosed, in conjunction with constituting, storage battery container is by fork truck fork dress or crane lifting or container handler carrying replacing fast by driving motor on storage battery container place position, storage battery container, the electronlmobil on electronlmobil vehicle body, the electronlmobil vehicle body.Its claim is " a kind of electronlmobil that uses storage battery container; by front-wheel; trailing wheel; vehicle body; electrical motor; battery pack, storage battery place position on the vehicle body, the motor speed adjustment controller, the electronlmobil steering hardware, braking mechanism is in conjunction with formation, it is characterized in that the battery pack installation is placed in the storage battery container, on the storage battery container place position frame that storage battery container is placed in the storage battery place position on the vehicle body or vehicle body is outer, be connected by socket one plug construction that can connect fast and separate between the speed setting controller on storage battery container and the car, motor mounting is on the chassis or on the wheel hub or on the wheel hub.”
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of double front wheel electrical motor direct drive that adopts as leading driving power and double rear wheel electrical motor direct drive as four wheel drive, wheel hub and the motor integration technology of assistive drive power, no mechanically operated full speed type electronlmobil.
To achieve these goals, the utility model is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of full speed type electronlmobil comprises: vehicle frame, vehicle body, steering hardware, stop mechanism, DC motor and storage battery; The front end of vehicle frame is equipped with two front-wheels; The rear end of vehicle frame is equipped with rear axle, and the two ends of rear axle are equipped with two trailing wheels; It is characterized in that: two front-wheels are main drive wheel, and each front-wheel is respectively by a DC motor direct drive, and the wheel hub and the DC motor of each front-wheel are integrated; Two trailing wheels are auxiliary drive wheels, and each trailing wheel is respectively by a DC motor direct drive, and the wheel hub and the DC motor of each trailing wheel are integrated; Also comprise the direct current drive machine controller, the DC motor on four wheels of direct current drive machine controller control.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: described DC motor is a brushless direct current motor.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: the DC motor on described two front-wheels is the DC motor of high rated speed of rotation, and the DC motor on described two trailing wheels is the DC motor of low rated speed of rotation.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: the DC motor on described two front-wheels is the brushless direct current motor of high rated speed of rotation, and the DC motor on described two trailing wheels is the brushless direct current motor of low rated speed of rotation.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: the front end of described vehicle frame is equipped with front-wheel bearing support assembly, damping type pull bar and a seat assembly, be connected with front-wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly by the front shock absorber bearing support on the vehicle frame, front-wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly is connecting goat's horn axle Connection Block assembly, be connected with two goat's horn axles on the goat's horn axle Connection Block assembly, described two front-wheels are installed on two goat's horn axles.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: described rear axle is connected on the vehicle frame by trailing wheel damping shock absorption supporting rod assembly, trailing wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly, the two ends of rear axle are equipped with two trailing wheels, and trailing wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly is connected on the vehicle frame by the rear shock absorber bearing support.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: described trailing wheel is connected the structure on the rear axle, adopts the steel spring shock-damping structure.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: described direct current drive machine controller is controlled the work of four electrical motors respectively simultaneously; Control the left and right clock signal of taking turns electrical motor of two front-wheels, differed for 1/2 cycle, control the left and right clock signal of taking turns electrical motor of two trailing wheels, differed for 1/2 cycle; The clock signal of the electrical motor of the revolver of control front and rear wheel differed for 1/4 cycle, and the clock signal of the electrical motor of the right side wheel of control front and rear wheel differed for 1/4 cycle.
According to described full speed type electronlmobil, it is characterized in that: described direct current drive machine controller comprises electrical motor rotating conversion control circuit, its three phase sequence signal input end are connected with an Exclusive-OR gate (XOR gate) integrated circuit respectively, change-over swith K also is connected with the Exclusive-OR gate (XOR gate) integrated circuit, three commutation control signals of mouth output of Exclusive-OR gate (XOR gate) integrated circuit, the rotating of control brushless direct current motor.
The utility model has the advantages of:
1, the utility model adopts double front wheel electrical motor direct drive as leading driving power and double rear wheel electrical motor direct drive as assistive drive power, wheel hub and motor integration technology, can realize the automatic diff function of electronics, there is not mechanical transmission, reduced efficiency losses, and the maintaining expense is reduced by the gear change transmission; The direct current drive machine controller is in order to adapt to different working condition requirements, can the front and back wheel DC motor be operated under the different operating modes, and can reach intelligentized making when low speed and reversing automatically, the trailing wheel DC motor is as the main power that drives, and the front-wheel DC motor is as the main power that drives under high speed; Adopt stepless change, the capacity usage ratio height, the mechanical efficiency height about 23%; When adopting f-w-d under cruising, drive torque is the effect that generation has body weight to alleviate, and makes weight be equivalent to alleviate about 9%, and it is about 9% to cause resistance to reduce, and it is little to enable depletion, and mechanical efficiency has improved about 18%; This just will make mechanical efficiency of the present utility model improve about 36.9%.
2, electronlmobil possesses advantages such as low noise, zero-emission and the comprehensive application energy.As civilian (family) vehicle, low-cost, High Performance.
3, with the accumulator DC be the energy, environmentally friendly machine.Every group of 180Ah108V storage battery fills once electric continual mileage greater than 200km, hundred kilometers about 15 degree of power consumptions.Climbing performance from dead stop is not less than 30%.Low-speed performance and high speed performance are all good.
4, car-backing function is good, and the change-over swith with reversing of advancing is by digital signal light current control, and manoeuvrable is reliable.
5, on/off program:, just can finish from " supply disconnecton " to " can travel " state through twice different continuous action (switch); " supply disconnecton ", drive system is closed, and vehicle does not have actv. and travels.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the scheme drawing of A when, four wheel horizontal positioned of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the local schematic top plan view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a body frame structure for automotive scheme drawing of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is a steering kinematics scheme drawing of the present utility model.
Fig. 6 is the brushless direct current motor rotating conversion control circuit schematic diagram in the utility model.
In the accompanying drawing: 1, front-wheel; 2, vehicle frame; 3, front-wheel bearing support assembly; 4, a damping type pull bar and a seat assembly; 5, front shock absorber bearing support; 6, steering assembly; 7, direct current drive machine controller; 8, power supply and master cock; 9, bus-controlled switching assembly; 10, brake and speed governing assembly; 11, storage battery; 12, trailing wheel; 13, vehicle seat; 14, rear shock absorber bearing support; 15, trailing wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly; 16, trailing wheel damping shock absorption supporting rod assembly; 17, front-wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly; 18, goat's horn axle Connection Block assembly; 19, goat's horn axle; 20, the goat's horn axle connects vertical shaft; 21, steering track rod assembly; 22, steering trapezoidal arm.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described further.
Principle of design of the present utility model:
The utility model is the energy with the battery pack direct current (DC), adopt double front wheel DC motor direct drive as leading driving power and double rear wheel DC motor direct drive as assistive drive power, wheel hub and motor integration technology, DC motor can adopt brushless direct current motor, do not have mechanical transmission, can realize the automatic diff function of electronics.
1, steering swivel system: be to be used for the travel direction of control vehicle.In order to make Vehicular turn, must on vehicle, cause a steering torque consistent with turn direction.The method that produces steering torque has two kinds basically: the side force of utilizing ground to produce in the face of track adjusting wheel; Change the size and Orientation of the propulsive effort on two side drive wheel.The utility model adopts the steering mode of minicar such as prosperous river car " side force of utilizing ground to produce in the face of track adjusting wheel ", adopts the deflector of steering wheel type tooth bar link-type, and technology maturation is reliable.
2, front wheel alignment
(1) toe-in of front wheel: wheel is when center position, and distance is poor between two wheel back and the front outermost end.
The utility model adopts two-wheel steering (2 ws), requires wheel that body is not done deflection when turning to, and does not wait by the both sides drive wheel torque and realizes turning to.The basic demand that turns to is, each wheel is made pure rolling and fricton-tight, and two when therefore turning to must condition be:
All each wheels can both freely rotate with different cireular frequencys around wheel shaft when 1. turning to;
The distance that outside wheel is walked than inboard wheel is long, and its rotating speed height is called quick side; The distance that inboard wheel is walked is short, and rotating speed should be called side at a slow speed more slowly.
As shown in Figure 5, establishing Turning radius of the present utility model is R, and front wheel tread is B, fast side and at a slow speed the rear flank cireular frequency of taking turns be ω
2And ω
1, then its relational expression is:
Because of two trailing wheels of the present utility model are auxiliary drive wheels, just play the effect of drive wheel at low speed, when loading greatly, be equivalent to flower wheel in motion basically, each wheel can freely rotate on wheel shaft, can satisfy the requirement of different rotating speeds; And two front-wheels are driving wheel, and each wheel has the function of automatic diff, and has the function of differential locking-device concurrently respectively by different electrical motors and controller action, and therefore, two front-wheels also can satisfy the requirement of different rotating speeds.
When 2. turning to all respectively take turns the vertical line of axle center velocity vector should be by perpendicular to the same axis of horizontal surface.
Turn to progressively to carry out the transition to a certain Turning radius R from straight-line travelling state (R=∞) to turn to, change in the process of certain definite value at R=∞, the size of Turning radius is because of the position earthquake constantly of steer axis, so this axis is called instantaneous axis.According to second requirement, the corner α of side front-wheel must be greater than the corner β of quick side front-wheel at a slow speed.
The requirement of front-wheel deflection different angles can realize with various steering hardware when turning to.Steering trapezium and be form simple in structure, reliable operation with duplex pull rod mechanism wherein, what the utility model adopted is the steering trapezium structure.
Prenex amount generally is selected in 1.5～12mm, and the utility model has been selected the toe-in amount about 5mm.The intermediate rod length of prenex available change steering trapezium is adjusted.
(2) leaning angle: the upper end of vertical shaft is the bevelled angle inwards.The purpose of leaning angle is, makes front-wheel be stabilized in center position, departs from center position once in a while or turn to when finishing making front-wheel that the effect of getting back to center position automatically be arranged.Because the vertical shaft introversion can be raised body during front-wheel deflection, the propons that has been elevated is under the effect of vehicle weight, and it is the trend of settling position that the extreme lower position of dropping to is all arranged at any time, the trend that makes front-wheel get back to original center position is just arranged.At this moment the center position of wheel overlaps with settling position.The vertical shaft introversion helps the stable of wheel, promptly helps the straight motion stability of vehicle, but some effort when turning to.Leaning angle is generally chosen 3～9 ° of angles, and leaning angle of the present utility model is elected as about 5 °.
(3) casterangle: the upper end of the steering swivel vertical shaft angle that recedes.Its objective is the effect of getting back to center position is automatically arranged after making front-wheel deflection.When the front-wheel idol has deflection, just be subjected to the effect of ground-surface antagonistic force in the center of front-wheel areal of support, produce a moment that makes wheel get back to center position, make the wheel return.Promptly samsara just, foreign steamer is stable.Casterangle is big more, and the lateral reaction square forces the wheel return, and it is strong more to produce heavy curtain head phenomenon.So, generally choose 0～5 ° of angle.The utility model has been chosen and has been no more than 2 degree angles.
(4) cam angle of front wheel: the outward-dipping angle in front-wheel upper end.Behind the incline of front wheels, ground makes front-wheel press to inner big bearing all the time in the face of the axial component of the vertical reaction of wheel points to the root of front wheel spindle, offset front-wheel turn to or horizontal wall inscription on the time the outside section axial component that born, alleviate the load of the little bearing in outer end, reduced the danger that front-wheel comes off.
Camber angle increases, and the cornering resistance arm reduces, and helps turning to light, but is unfavorable for the stable of wheel.Camber angle is selected in about 2 °.
3, brake system: brake system is made up of drg and steering unit two parts.Function is to make the car retardation that travels, and stops rapidly, and guarantees that vehicle can be parked on certain gradient.
The structure of drg: what the utility model adopted is the simple-type double-block brake, employing be the stationary cam formula.This drg, simple in structure, operating effort is little, heat radiation is good, but it is inhomogeneous to wear and tear.
Steering unit: the utility model adopts the steering unit of fluid pressure type.
4, motor power system:
(1) electric motor system:
Tractive performance: the utility model design speed per hour is no more than 80km/h, can select 4 1Kw brushless direct current motor of 4Kw altogether for use, and rotating speed was 850r/min when the maximum power of electrical motor was total to 6kw.Electrical motor is a brushless direct current motor.The rated speed of rotation of rear wheel motor is about 250r/min.
Carrying capacity travels: through pavement test, various road conditions can both cruising, and the maximum climbing of travelling is not less than 30%, and the starting climbing performance from dead stop is not less than 25%.
(2) controller system (control circuit part): adopt 4Kw X in brushless DC motor control device,
Can realize each electrical motor of control separately; Can realize that each electrical motor of automatic guidance is operated under the corresponding rated speed of rotation, make locomotive functional at full speed.
The X in brushless DC motor control device can be selected the existing controller that aims at the automobile-used brushless direct current motor of this kind for use, as: " assisting foreign board X in brushless DC motor control device " etc.
Controling appliance has the current limliting defencive function, and the cut-off current of every electrical motor is 15～18A, and total cut-off current is 60～75A.
5, vehicle frame: because design F-Zero of the present utility model is no more than 80Km/h, the design maximum output power is for being no more than 6KW, therefore, is point of penetration to alleviate complete vehicle weight under the prerequisite that guarantees stability, safety, and vehicle frame is simple and firmly, reliably.
6, running gear: adopting double front wheel electrical motor direct drive is that rated voltage is the brushless direct current motor of 108V as main driving power and double rear wheel electrical motor direct drive as assistive drive power, employing wheel hub and motor integration technology, electrical motor, do not have mechanical transmission, adopt stepless change.When electronlmobil turns to,, change the rotating speed of two driving motors respectively, can realize the automatic diff function of electronics because two front-wheels are subjected to the difference of cornering resistance.Based on the trailing wheel braking, four-wheel adopts the damping of two-way function telescopic shock absorber.
The advantage that the utility model double front wheel under cruising drives: propulsive effort is big during double front wheel drive ratio back-wheel drive, the efficient height, and it is about 9% that the rear axle weight of battery-driven car has been reduced, and resistance is also corresponding to have reduced 9%, and efficiency of motor is equivalent to increase by 9%.The efficient that is equivalent to car load has improved 18%.
7, technical characterictic of the present utility model:
(1) the double front wheel electrical motor drives as main, and wheel hub and motor integration do not have mechanical transmission, efficient height.
The utility model is to adopt the double front wheel electrical motor to drive as main, and by the brushless direct current motor direct drive of a high rated speed of rotation, wheel hub and motor integration technology do not have mechanical transmission to each front-wheel respectively, capacity usage ratio height, mechanical efficiency height.When adopting the traditional mechanical transmission, the efficient of spur gear drive is about 0.95, and the efficient of Bevel Gear Drive is about 0.93, the driving efficiency of diff is about 0.8, add the one-level chain-driving, chain-drive efficient is about 0.95～0.98, and total driving efficiency is about 0.77.Like this, when adopting the electrical motor direct drive, the power of 4Kw if desired, the power of 4kw ÷ 0.77=5.2kw is then wanted in the driving when mechanical drive mode is arranged.When adopting back-wheel drive, drive torque makes the effect of body weightening finish with generation, and it is about 9% that weight has been increased, and causes resistance to become about 9%, will consume bigger energy; When adopting f-w-d, drive torque is the effect that generation has body weight to alleviate, and makes weight be equivalent to alleviate about 9%, and it is about 9% to cause resistance to reduce, and it is little to enable depletion; This just will make mechanical efficiency of the present utility model improve about 18%; Therefore, the back-wheel drive mechanical drive mode has reduced by 36.9% than efficient of the present utility model.When like this, the power of 4kw of the present utility model is equivalent to the trailing wheel mechanical drive greater than the power more than the 6.32kw.
(2) the double rear wheel electrical motor is as assistive drive, wheel hub and motor integration technology
Two trailing wheels are auxiliary drive wheels, and by the brushless direct current motor direct drive of a low rated speed of rotation, the wheel hub and the DC motor of each trailing wheel are integrated each trailing wheel respectively.When cruising, trailing wheel is in little driving condition, and its propulsive effort just is used to reduce resistance, improves mechanical efficiency; Be as main drive wheel under reversing, starting and low speed.Like this, can solve the low-speed performance of locomotive, improve gradient capability.
(3) brushless direct current motor rotating conversion control circuit
As the electrical motor of propulsion source, what select for use is 4 1Kw～1.5Kw brushless direct current motors of totally 4～6kw.The controller supporting with it can make electrical motor have the function of rotating, realizes advancing and car-backing function of vehicle.The brshless DC motor that the utility model uses is a three phase electric machine Y bind mode, takes step mode in twos, each is instantaneous two power tube conductings, and every 1/6 cycle (60 ° of electric angles), commutation once, each power tube of commutation, 120 ° of electric angles of each power tube energising.The conducting of each power tube is by the output signal control of position transduser (switching Hall components integrated circuit).Only under the control of controller, could turn round for brushless direct current motor.
For general three-phase motor,, just can realize the counter-rotating of electrical motor as long as change any two-phase; In general DC motor operational process,, all can change it and turn to as long as change the polarity of magnetic direction or change armature voltage.But brushless direct current motor, magnetic flow is produced by permanent-magnet steel, can't change of direction, just can change its rotation direction as long as change the commutation order of stator winding.As long as just can realize three control signal negates the problem of rotating.
To as long as add an Exclusive-OR gate (XOR gate) integrated circuit, export three commutation control signals or change program, can both finish the function of brushless direct current motor rotating to the negate of three phase sequence control signals.
Brushless direct current motor rotating conversion control circuit principle as shown in Figure 6, K switch is the switch of rotating change-over circuit, promptly receives low level when K-A connects, i.e. earth potential, Ha2=Ha1, Hb2=Hb1, Hc2=Hc1, brushless direct current motor just changes; When connecting, K-B promptly receives high level, promptly+during the voltage of 5V, Ha2=-Ha1, Hb2=-Hb1, Hc2=-Hc1, i.e. signal negate, the brushless direct current motor counter-rotating, like this, battery-driven car just can be moveed backward.
(3) upward slope starting and low speed driving problem
The low-speed characteristic of the low rated speed of rotation brushless direct current motor of trailing wheel is good, when starting, can reach the function that increases moment of torsion, makes the starting gradient of going up a slope:＞25%.
The utility model, in order to adapt to the requirement of different rotating speeds, can also intelligentized automatically electrical motor be operated under the different rated speed of rotation, and can reach intelligentized making when low speed and reversing automatically, rear wheel motor is as the main power that drives, and the front-wheel electrical motor is as the main power that drives under high speed.
(4) function of automatic diff.
The utility model is to adopt wheel hub and motor integration technology, the double front wheel motor-driven, and the motor controller supporting with it all works alone, and just, rotating speed of motor is independent of each other, and this satisfies the necessary condition of differential.
The rotor of motor can produce counter electromotive force when rotated in magnetic field, output torque, and when the rotating speed of drive wheel was inconsistent, the counter electromotive force of low speed wheel was low, and then electric current becomes big, and output torque also increases, and wheel will be quickened; The counter electromotive force height of high speed wheel, then electric current diminishes, and output torque also reduces, and wheel will be slowed down; Finally make two drive wheel rotating speeds unanimity or reach the requirement rotating speed, this satisfies the sufficient condition of differential.
Therefore, the utility model possesses the necessary and sufficient condition of automatic diff function, so, have automatic differential function.
8, assembly relation
The utility model such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 comprise: vehicle frame 2, vehicle body, steering hardware, stop mechanism, DC motor, storage battery and control circuit; Two front-wheels 1 are main drive wheel, and two trailing wheels 12 are auxiliary drive wheels, and each wheel is respectively by a DC motor direct drive, and the wheel hub and the DC motor of each wheel are integrated.
Vehicle frame: as shown in Figure 4.Vehicle frame 2 is welded by 60 * 40 square tube.
The connection mode of front-wheel bearing support assembly 3 of the present utility model and front-wheel 1:
The front end of vehicle frame 2 is equipped with front-wheel bearing support assembly 3, damping type pull bar and a seat assembly 4, be connected with front-wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly 17 by front shock absorber bearing support 5 on the vehicle frame 2, front-wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly 17 is connecting goat's horn axle Connection Block assembly 18, be connected with two goat's horn axles 19 on the goat's horn axle Connection Block assembly 18, two front-wheels 1 are installed on two goat's horn axles 19.
Trailing wheel and rear axle have two kinds of connection modes:
(1) rear end of vehicle frame is equipped with rear axle, the two ends of rear axle are equipped with two trailing wheels 12, rear axle is connected on the vehicle frame 2 by trailing wheel damping shock absorption supporting rod assembly 16, trailing wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly 15, and trailing wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly 15 is connected on the vehicle frame 2 by rear shock absorber bearing support 14.
(2) form by a rear axle, two back front driven wheels and shoe type brake system, be connected on the vehicle frame 2 by spring plate.
Steering hardware: as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, comprise bearing circle, steering track rod assembly 21, steering trapezoidal arm 22, steering assembly 6 etc., be existing routine techniques.Steering hardware can adopt the steering mode of minicar such as prosperous river car " side force of utilizing ground to produce in the face of track adjusting wheel ", adopts the deflector of steering wheel type tooth bar link-type, and technology maturation is reliable.
Stop mechanism: as shown in Figure 1, brake is that brake system is that what stop mechanism adopted is the fluid pressure type double-block brake of existing minicar with speed governing assembly 10.This drg, simple in structure, operating effort is little, heat radiation is good.By pedal rod hydraulic oil brake pump assembly, connect each wheel cylinder by oil circuit, handle brake shoe by wheel cylinder and finish brake function, be existing routine techniques, technology maturation is reliable.Speed governing system is, pedal connects Hall element, produces the vdc of 1.1-4.2V, and the diverse location correspondence of pedal different vdcs, finishes speed-regulating function.Pedal connects BK Brake Switch, and this switch is a normally closed switch, when not touching on the brake, BK Brake Switch is disconnected by pressure, when touching on the brake, then decontrols BK Brake Switch and makes its closure, BK Brake Switch connects the 24V voltage signal, and this signal can make the controller outage by the BK Brake Switch conducting, and can make stoplight stop lamp bright.
Electrical motor and motor control system: as shown in Figure 1, comprise brushless direct current motor, direct current drive machine controller 7, power supply and master cock 8, bus-controlled switching assembly 9, direct current drive machine controller 7 can adopt the X in brushless DC motor control device.Electric system mainly is made up of brushless direct current motor and direct current drive machine controller.The direct current drive machine controller can adopt existing products to make, as: " assisting foreign board X in brushless DC motor control device " etc.The utility model adopts wheel nave and motor integration technology, each electrical motor is respectively by an independence or one but independently direct current drive machine controller control of function, control by same HALL-IC after the speed-regulating signal parallel connection of each controller, and the output voltage of HALL-IC is between 1.1～4.2V, this voltage is compared with the ramp voltage of certain frequency, come the conducting of control output voltage, the dutycycle of shutoff, regulate output voltage and play the function of speed governing.Link to each other by bidirectional switch after the reversing change-over swith parallel connection of each controller of direct current drive machine controller, when signal is that the power line voltage of digital signal is reversing when being 5V, 0V voltage is to advance when signal ground.
The direct current drive machine controller can be the controller that a difference is controlled four electrical motors simultaneously, controls the left and right clock signal of taking turns electrical motor of two front-wheels, differs for 1/2 cycle, controls the left and right clock signal of taking turns electrical motor of two trailing wheels, differs for 1/2 cycle; The clock signal of the electrical motor of the revolver of control front and rear wheel differed for 1/4 cycle, and the clock signal of the electrical motor of the right side wheel of control front and rear wheel differed for 1/4 cycle.
Electric equipmenies such as various car lights of light circuit: 24V and wiper, dynamic loud-speaker, the electric pressure converter of use 120V～90V to 24V, output-current rating is 20A.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of full speed type electronlmobil comprises: vehicle frame (2), vehicle body, steering hardware, stop mechanism, DC motor and storage battery; The front end of vehicle frame (2) is equipped with two front-wheels (1); The rear end of vehicle frame (2) is equipped with rear axle, and the two ends of rear axle are equipped with two trailing wheels (12); It is characterized in that: two front-wheels are main drive wheel, and each front-wheel is respectively by a DC motor direct drive, and the wheel hub and the DC motor of each front-wheel are integrated; Two trailing wheels are auxiliary drive wheels, and each trailing wheel is respectively by a DC motor direct drive, and the wheel hub and the DC motor of each trailing wheel are integrated; Also comprise the direct current drive machine controller, the DC motor on four wheels of direct current drive machine controller control.
2, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described DC motor is a brushless direct current motor.
3, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the DC motor on described two front-wheels is the DC motor of high rated speed of rotation, and the DC motor on described two trailing wheels is the DC motor of low rated speed of rotation.
4, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the DC motor on described two front-wheels is the brushless direct current motor of high rated speed of rotation, and the DC motor on described two trailing wheels is the brushless direct current motor of low rated speed of rotation.
5, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the front end of described vehicle frame (2) is equipped with front-wheel bearing support assembly (3), damping type pull bar and a seat assembly (4), vehicle frame (2) is gone up and is connected with front-wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly (17) by front shock absorber bearing support (5), front-wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly (17) is connecting goat's horn axle Connection Block assembly (18), be connected with two goat's horn axles (19) on the goat's horn axle Connection Block assembly (18), described two front-wheels (1) are installed on two goat's horn axles (19).
6, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rear axle is connected on the vehicle frame (2) by trailing wheel damping shock absorption supporting rod assembly (16), trailing wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly (15), the two ends of rear axle are equipped with two trailing wheels (12), and trailing wheel two-way function telescopic shock absorber assembly (15) is connected on the vehicle frame (2) by rear shock absorber bearing support (14).
7, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described trailing wheel (12) is connected the structure on the rear axle, adopts the steel spring shock-damping structure.
8, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described direct current drive machine controller is controlled the work of four electrical motors respectively simultaneously; Control the left and right clock signal of taking turns electrical motor of two front-wheels, differed for 1/2 cycle, control the left and right clock signal of taking turns electrical motor of two trailing wheels, differed for 1/2 cycle; The clock signal of the electrical motor of the revolver of control front and rear wheel differed for 1/4 cycle, and the clock signal of the electrical motor of the right side wheel of control front and rear wheel differed for 1/4 cycle.
9, full speed type electronlmobil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described direct current drive machine controller comprises electrical motor rotating conversion control circuit, its three phase sequence signal input end are connected with an Exclusive-OR gate (XOR gate) integrated circuit respectively, change-over swith K also is connected with the Exclusive-OR gate (XOR gate) integrated circuit, three commutation control signals of mouth output of Exclusive-OR gate (XOR gate) integrated circuit, the rotating of control brushless direct current motor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620080946 CN2863536Y (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Full speed electric automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620080946 CN2863536Y (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Full speed electric automobile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2863536Y true CN2863536Y (en) | 2007-01-31 |
Family
ID=37675990
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620080946 Expired - Fee Related CN2863536Y (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Full speed electric automobile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2863536Y (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412378B (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2010-12-22 | 深圳市欧得亿泰智能技术开发有限公司 | Electric automobile using a plurality of electric apparatuses to drive running |
| CN102079253A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-06-01 | 范永建 | Drive mode of multi-direct current hub motor electromobile |
| CN102765427A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 北京科实医学图像技术研究所 | Detachable electric vehicle |
| WO2015149288A1 (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-08 | 深圳市智轮电动车驱动技术有限公司 | Electric vehicle |
| CN105034831A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-11-11 | 武汉市邦进能源科技有限公司 | Electric vortex spring vehicle |
| CN111629925A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-09-04 | 王志林 | Motor driving system for electric automobile, machining method, electric automobile and vehicle shell |
-
2006
- 2006-02-14 CN CN 200620080946 patent/CN2863536Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412378B (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2010-12-22 | 深圳市欧得亿泰智能技术开发有限公司 | Electric automobile using a plurality of electric apparatuses to drive running |
| CN102079253A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-06-01 | 范永建 | Drive mode of multi-direct current hub motor electromobile |
| CN102079253B (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-02-20 | 范永建 | Drive mode of multi-direct current hub motor electromobile |
| CN102765427A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 北京科实医学图像技术研究所 | Detachable electric vehicle |
| KR20160138173A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2016-12-02 | 센젠 즈룬 드라이빙 테크놀러지 포 일렉트릭 비이클 컴퍼니 리미티드 | Electric vehicle |
| WO2015149288A1 (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-08 | 深圳市智轮电动车驱动技术有限公司 | Electric vehicle |
| CN106715189A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2017-05-24 | 深圳市智轮电动车驱动技术有限公司 | Electric vehicle |
| US10266199B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2019-04-23 | Guangdong Hua'chan Research Institute Of Intelligent Transportation System Co., Ltd | Electric vehicle |
| CN106715189B (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2019-07-02 | 广东华旵智动行运系统研究院有限公司 | A kind of electric car |
| KR102247781B1 (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2021-05-04 | 광동 후안 리서치 인스티튜트 오브 인텔리전트 트랜스포테이션 시스템 컴퍼니 리미티드 | Electric vehicle |
| CN105034831A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-11-11 | 武汉市邦进能源科技有限公司 | Electric vortex spring vehicle |
| CN111629925A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-09-04 | 王志林 | Motor driving system for electric automobile, machining method, electric automobile and vehicle shell |
| CN111629925B (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2024-05-31 | 王志林 | Motor drive system for electric vehicle, processing method, electric vehicle and vehicle housing |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103481766B (en) | A kind of drive system of electronlmobil and method | |
| CN1810557A (en) | Multiple axle driving system for oil-electricity mixed power automobile | |
| CN2863536Y (en) | Full speed electric automobile | |
| CN1927609A (en) | Motor driving system with speed adaptation capability and controlling method thereof | |
| CN1948039A (en) | Super miniature electric car | |
| CN101913322A (en) | Time-division 4-wheel drive (4WD) parallel hybrid driving system | |
| CN205916258U (en) | Two -wheeled electric motor car with helping hand drive | |
| CN103660971B (en) | A kind of mining dump truck with electric wheels four-wheel drive system | |
| CN201070977Y (en) | Electric car | |
| CN2839021Y (en) | Electric motor vehicle | |
| CN105774504A (en) | Power-driven system and vehicle | |
| CN200960857Y (en) | Energy-saving electric automobile | |
| CN201516898U (en) | Single solar energy electric motor car | |
| CN113147972A (en) | Dual-drive electric tricycle | |
| CN201808462U (en) | Novel electric car with front power drive and rear solar drive | |
| CN202491671U (en) | Electric oil mixing double power agedness mobility scooter | |
| CN210363403U (en) | Driving system for electric vehicle | |
| CN102602280A (en) | In-wheel motor and off-vehicle charging hybrid vehicle carrying same | |
| CN201597468U (en) | Rear axle assembly of electromobile | |
| CN205707144U (en) | A kind of hybrid power system used on motorcycle | |
| CN201808436U (en) | Novel power front/back driven electric automobile | |
| CN201808463U (en) | Novel solar electric vehicle adopting power as front drive and electric power as rear drive | |
| CN201901006U (en) | Novel solar electric vehicle provided with an AC charging device therein | |
| CN202294230U (en) | Trolley with solar power back drive and power front drive and capable of adjusting lighting angles | |
| CN203078671U (en) | Dual-drive tricycle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |