CN2740999Y - Video measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a video measuring apparatus, which is integrated by an area array digital camera (5), an electronic measuring apparatus (3), a GPS (1), and a PDA (9). Thereby, the automatic, real-time and rapid measurement, calculation and storage of the space three-dimensional coordinate of a target area to be measured can be realized. The living stumpage in the forest resource can be observed by the video measuring apparatus, comprising the measurement of diameter breast height, the diameters of the trees of any height, the canopy structure, etc. The measurement of the alive stumpage can be precisely and quickly solved, and using the video measuring apparatus is the best method for dynamically monitoring the growing status of the forest.

Description

Video Super Station

technical field

The utility model is a new type of equipment for collecting three-dimensional close-range target information, which is characterized in that it integrates a digital CCD area array camera, GPS, and an electronic total station, and can quickly, automatically, and real-time solve and store to be tested The spatial three-dimensional coordinates of the target area. With this equipment as the core, together with digital image 3D information extraction and 3D target model generation software, together constitute a fast imaging 3D measurement of close-range targets with positioning, precise point measurement, close-range target imaging, automatic or semi-automatic 3D measurement, and 3D model generation. system. Especially for tree trunk analysis measurement in forest resource monitoring, including diameter at breast height, arbitrary tree height diameter, tree height, canopy structure, etc.

technical background

In urban ground surveys and various engineering surveys, point acquisition methods (total stations, GPS receivers, etc.) are generally used. Although this method has the characteristics of flexibility and high precision, it is slow in acquisition speed and low in efficiency, and it is inconvenient to generate 3D Model; close-range photogrammetry overcomes the shortcomings of the single-point acquisition mode, but it is necessary to set measurement marks in the object space, and solve the external orientation elements of the photography station through object space control, and it cannot be measured for inaccessible targets and dangerous objects.

In the field of photogrammetry, the photos taken by the camera have already been used in the calculation of three-dimensional coordinates in space and the construction of various ground models, but it has always been a problem to rely on the method of obtaining calculation parameters (inner orientation elements and outer orientation elements). Especially for close range photogrammetry. On the other hand, the advent of digital CCD area array cameras and the development of computer technology make it necessary to use digital close-range photogrammetry technology and methods for the extraction of target 3D information, and the corresponding spatial coordinate calculations tend to be automated and real-time , the utility model provides a specific and practical method for this application.

In the field of dendrology, the measurement of standing trees has always been a difficult problem to solve. The traditional method is to use trunk analysis, that is, fell trees, take round logs in sections, measure the growth rings on the disc, and construct the trunk. Analyze the curve, and then calculate the indicators of each individual tree (tree height, volume, shape, and growth); in addition, use a growth cone to drill into the trunk, take a drill bar from the bark to the pith, and measure the annual rings on it of growth. These methods can not well monitor the growth of a single tree, and the error is relatively large, and the utility model can well solve this problem.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of video superstation instrument that integrates area array digital camera (5), electronic total station (3), GPS (1) and PDA (9), and it overcomes existing technology lack of.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved like this: 1. video super station instrument is integrated by area array digital camera (5), electronic total station instrument (3), GPS (1) and PDA (9), it is characterized in that: described The upper end of the electronic total station is provided with a handle (2), the upper side of the handle is equipped with a GPS (1) through the bolt (4), the inner side of the handle is provided with an area array digital camera, and the lower part of the electronic total station passes through Data transmission interface and cable (10) are connected with PDA (9). 2. The handle is a U-shaped structure, and the area array digital camera is arranged on the inner side of the handle and the upper side of the electronic total station telescope, and the direction of the main optical axis of the area array digital camera is parallel to the main optical axis of the electronic total station telescope , the image plane of the area array digital camera passes through the horizontal axis of the electronic total station; the GPS antenna is arranged on the handle of the electronic total station and is coaxial with the vertical axis of the electronic total station. 3. The area array digital camera (1), electronic total station and GPS are detachable and connected by bolts (4) and (6) during use. 4. The video superstation measurement software is housed in the PDA, and the digital camera, GPS, and electronic total station are controlled by the measurement software for data acquisition, and the collected data are stored, analyzed, processed and calculated.

Because the utility model has adopted above-mentioned structure, compared with prior art, has following advantage: utilize PDA as the controller, storage device, processor of video super station instrument, be conducive to GPS, digital CCD area array camera, total station instrument Effective integration and full use of its unique functions to achieve automatic, real-time, and fast measurement, making the instrument more practical and wider in application. Use the video super station to measure the diameter at breast height of the sample tree, the diameter of the trunk at any height, the crown volume and the surface area, which are fast, accurate and convenient. The measurement accuracy of the diameter at any height can reach the millimeter level, and the measurement accuracy of the volume can be better than 1%. The accuracy of the canopy volume and surface area is mainly determined by many factors such as the model, digital camera resolution, lens quality, and accuracy of focal length measurement. It shows that the accuracy can reach the requirement of 5%.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described further.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the utility model.

In the figure: 1. GPS antenna; 2. Total station handle; 3. Total station aiming part; 4. GPS antenna connecting bolt; 5. CCD area array digital camera; 6. Digital camera connecting bolt; 7. Total station Instrument display control keyboard; 8. Base; 9. Handheld computer PDA; 10. Communication cable.

Detailed ways

In the figure (1) is the GPS antenna for receiving satellite signals and positioning; (2) is the handle of the total station for fixing the GPS antenna; (3) is the aiming part of the total station for aiming at the target and measuring Distance, measuring horizontal angle, vertical angle; (4) is the GPS antenna connecting bolt, is used for fixing antenna; (5) is the CCD area array digital camera, is used for taking pictures of the area to be measured; (6) is the digital camera connecting bolt, It is used to fix the digital camera; (7) is the display control keyboard of the total station, which is used to control the measurement results of the total station and control the measurement of the total station; (8) is the base, which is the carrying platform of the video super station, and passes through It is connected with the tripod, and adjusts the level of the instrument through the base adjustment screw on it; (9) is a handheld computer PDA, which is used to control video super station measurement, scanning photography, receiving data, processing data, storing data, etc.; (10) ) is a communication cable that connects the PDA with digital cameras, GPS, and total station components, so that the PDA can send control commands and perform data transmission.

The video super station is integrated by CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) area array digital camera (5), electronic total station (3), GPS (1) and PDA (9), wherein: the upper end of the electronic total station is provided with a handle (2), the upper side of the handle is equipped with GPS (1) by the bolt (4), the inboard of the handle is provided with an area digital camera, and the bottom of the electronic total station is connected with the PDA through the data transmission interface and the cable (10). (9) CONNECTION. The handle is an inverted U-shaped structure, which is set on the upper side of the electronic total station. The area array digital camera is set on the inner side of the handle and connected to the upper side of the electronic total station's aiming part through bolts. The direction of the main optical axis of the area array digital camera is in line with the The main optical axis of the total station telescope is parallel, and the image plane of the area array digital camera passes through the horizontal axis of the electronic total station; the GPS antenna is connected to the handle through the GPS antenna connection bolt, and the antenna is coaxial with the vertical axis of the electronic total station . The area array digital camera, the electronic total station, the GPS and the PDA in the video super station instrument can be disassembled, and the parts are connected by bolts (4), (6) and communication cables (10) during use. The PDA is equipped with the measurement software of the video superstation instrument, and the video superstation instrument is used for data collection and control through the measurement software, and the collected data is analyzed, calculated, processed and stored.

In the video super station instrument, the function of the digital camera is to obtain the photographic image of the target area to be measured, and then enter the PDA through the data cable; Point the corresponding parameters together, calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of each control point in the PDA, and provide the corresponding inner and outer orientation elements for the digital image taken by the digital camera; realize real-time, automatic and fast calculation of the three-dimensional coordinates of the target area in the PDA coordinate. The working mode of the digital close-range photogrammetry of the super station instrument is set to two stations to obtain a stereo image pair. For an area scan digital camera, the center of the photo is the central pixel. The image principal point offset X ₀ , Y ₀ and lens focal length f need to be obtained through detection; the three rotation angles of the outer orientation elements are α+α ₀ , ω ₀ , κ+κ ₀ , where: α ₀ , ω ₀ , κ ₀ The constants obtained during the super station inspection, α and κ are calculated from the horizontal angle readings and vertical angles of the total station; the baseline length and height difference between the stations are measured by the total station equipped with a total reflection prism; After semi-automatic stereo matching of the digital image pair, the three-dimensional coordinates of the required points are solved according to the principle of forward intersection in the analytical space; the height and diameter of the sample tree can be directly measured in the stereo model.

Claims (4)

1. video super-station instrument, include face battle array digital camera (5), electronic total station (3), GPS (1) and PDA (9), it is characterized in that: the upper end of described electronic total station is provided with handle (2), the upside of handle is equipped with GPS (1) by bolt (4), the inboard of handle is provided with face battle array digital camera, and the bottom of described electronic total station is connected with PDA (9) by communication cable (10).

2. video super-station instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described handle (2) is the inverted U structure, described battle array digital camera is arranged on the inboard of handle and the upside of electronic total station alidade, the primary optical axis direction of face battle array digital camera is parallel with the telescopical primary optical axis of electronic total station alidade, face battle array digital camera cross the electronic total station transverse axis as the plane; Described gps antenna is arranged on the handle of electronic total station, and is coaxial with the vertical pivot of electronic total station.

3. video super-station instrument according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described battle array digital camera, electronic total station, GPS and PDA are dismantled and assembled, connect by bolt (4), (6) and communication cable (10) during use.

4. video super-station instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: video super-station instrument Survey Software is housed in the described PDA, by Survey Software described digital camera, GPS, electronic total station are carried out data acquisition control, and to the data of gathering store, analyze, processing, computing.