CN2687164Y - Vehicle through-flow cross intersection - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to road reconstruction, mainly the reconstruction facilities at intersections. With the heavy traffic, traffic jams have become a traffic problem, especially at intersections, or the openings of median strips on main roads, which often become the focus of traffic jams. The current diversion methods for solving intersections are: roundabouts; traffic lights; The utility model designs an intersection for vehicles to flow through. Utilizing the U-turn passage and the distance of changing lanes, it can be achieved that the vehicles leaving the main road from all the branch roads can only turn right, and go out from the branch road to the opposite branch road or turn left. Vehicles drive out of the main lane on the opposite side along the traffic flow. Since the traffic lights are canceled, all vehicles do not need to stay at the intersection, so that the vehicles can save fuel and travel time. The automobile engine does not need to idle and start the process, and the exhaust gas emitted is greatly reduced, thereby improving the quality of the atmospheric environment.

Description

a traffic intersection

technical field

The utility model relates to road reconstruction, mainly the reconstruction facilities at intersections.

Background technique

With the increasing number of cars on the road, solving the traffic jam phenomenon has become a difficult problem in traffic, especially at the intersection (intersection) with the main road, or the opening of the median strip of the main road, which often becomes the focus of the traffic jam. At present, there are mainly three kinds of diversion methods for solving crossroads: namely A, roundabout; B, traffic lights; C, overpass (or tunnel), except for overpass, other two methods, with the increase of traffic flow, the effect is in danger , and the construction of the overpass requires a large sum of money and takes up more land, and it cannot be built too densely, and the construction period is also longer.

Sometimes, the simpler things are easier to be ignored, here are two concepts: the first is "lane-changing distance", that is, under a certain traffic flow, the vehicle changes from the rightmost (or left) lane to the leftmost (or right) the distance that the lane needs to travel, this distance can be calculated according to the traffic flow of the road, and then add the development factor of the traffic flow. However, the current roads have ignored such a design. We often see that the traffic jam at the intersection is often caused by the vertical lane change of the vehicle (the phenomenon of two vehicles competing for the vertical lane). At this time, the "lane change distance" of the vehicle is almost Zero, we often see traffic jams on roundabouts, which is caused by the short "lane change distance". In fact, the original intention of setting up the circular island diversion is to allow vehicles to have a certain length of "lane-changing distance". Unfortunately, even if the circular semi-longitude is large (such as the circular island of some roads in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, the straight longitude is 50m) , from the calculation and actual measurement, the distance of changing lanes is relatively small (50m in straight line, less than 20m in changing lanes), which is not enough to cope with such a large traffic flow (we still remember that the traffic flow in the past was small, and such a roundabout is still the top use).

The second concept is "U-turn channel with guardrail". As we all know, it is very dangerous for vehicles to turn around on the main road. Therefore, many intersections or openings of the isolation belt on the main road are marked with warning signs "No U-turn" ! On the other hand, there is not a place for U-turn in some lanes with isolation belts in the middle, which is unfavorable for convenient driving and dredging traffic flow, so why not consider setting a (some) U-turn passage exclusively for vehicles? The current Guangzhou Avenue in Guangzhou City has provided a U-turn passage, but the passage has no barriers, so traffic lights are required to direct the vehicles to go straight and turn around. Of course, this passage for vehicles to turn around is also different from the one designed by the utility model. The passageway for vehicles to turn around.

The design of the crossroads where vehicles flow through the utility model is named because the shape of the guardrail in the middle of the road is like a "Z" letter, together with the isolation in the middle of the lane, it forms a "-Z-" shape, that is, "-Z-" (abbreviated as "Z") type diversion crossing can be better than the above-mentioned first two diversion effects, and the cost is lower than the overpass bridge, and the construction is very easy, and compared with the existing diversion methods, it has the following characteristics:

1. The "-Z-" diversion intersection follows the existing traffic laws, that is, vehicles turn right to enter and exit the lane, and drivers can drive conveniently as long as they follow the existing traffic rules and signs.

2. Since all the vehicles exiting the main road from the branch road are blocked by the median belt, they can only turn right and flow along the main road. Therefore, it is effectively avoided that the reckless vehicles rushing out of the branch road and the speeding vehicles on the main road are effectively avoided. Vehicles collide causing traffic accidents.

3. Vehicles coming out of the branch road and thinking of the opposite branch road or turning left, just turn right first, enter the main road that flows along with the car, and then change lanes to the left lane. There is a U-turn passage with a protective fence specially set in front Make a U-turn, drive out of the main lane on the opposite side along the flow of traffic, then change lanes, turn right and enter the opposite branch road; vehicles on the main lane that need to go straight or turn right should go straight or turn into the right branch road, and the vehicles on the main road should be Unimpeded.

4. Since the traffic lights are withdrawn, all vehicles do not need to stay at the intersection, which will greatly improve the traffic conditions on the road, and also save fuel and driving time for vehicles.

5. Since the vehicle does not need to stay at the intersection, and the car engine does not need to idle and start, the exhaust gas emitted is greatly reduced, thereby improving the quality of the atmospheric environment.

Utility model content:

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of intersection for vehicle flow, solve the diversion problem of the intersection, and the problem of traffic jam, especially solve the junction (intersection) with the main road, or the middle isolation zone of the main road. Focus on the traffic jam at the opening. The technical scheme adopted by the vehicle crossing provided by the utility model is as follows: the crossing includes a main road, a branch road, a median strip of the main road, and a pedestrian bridge and a pedestrian tunnel. A U-turn channel with a "Z" guardrail is set up in front of the direction of traffic flow on the right side, and a lane-changing distance is set for a section of road from the right exit of the branch road to the U-turn channel.

Now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the utility model is described:

The crossroads of the utility model shown in Fig. 1 are composed of "U-turn channel" (G) with "Z" type guardrail and "lane-changing distance" (S), in the middle of the main road at the crossroads There is a separation belt (P) closed, and a U-turn passage (G) with a "Z"-shaped guardrail (ABCD) is set in front of the right exit of the branch road in the direction of traffic flow. The section of road between the right exit of the branch road and the U-turn passage is the lane-changing distance (S). The U-turn passage with "Z" guardrail and the lane-changing distance constitute the intersection where the vehicle flows. Since the U-turn passage with guardrail is bidirectionally set, the shape of the guardrail (ABCD) in the middle Like the "Z" letter, together with the isolation in the middle of the lane, it forms a "-Z-" shape, so it is called a Z-shaped diversion intersection.

At the above-mentioned intersections, vehicles coming out of the branch road to the opposite branch road or turning left (including vehicles turning left on the main road) can change lanes from the right lane to the left within the lane change distance (S) , because it is driving in the same direction, the speeds of adjacent vehicles are inconsistent (the car that changes the line can let the adjacent line go straight). Changing the line is very easy, usually it can be completed in 1 to 2 seconds. After changing to the right line, drive into the U-turn channel (G). There is a guardrail (ABCD) at the exit of the U-turn passage, so that it will not collide with vehicles in the adjacent lane. After exiting the main road from the U-turn passage, the vehicle can continue to drive through the lane-changing distance (S), keep right and enter the branch road or go straight .

The U-turn channel (G) with guardrail is designed at the intersection of the vehicle circulation described in the utility model, because the exit of the channel is equipped with a guardrail (ABCD), the vehicle to turn around can drive into the U-turn channel (G) at any time, and follow it. Exiting the left lane of the main road on the opposite side is convenient for vehicles to turn around, and there is no need to set up traffic lights, and vehicles going straight do not have to stop there unjustly to make the vehicles turn around.

To sum up, the crossroads for vehicle flow described in the utility model is to make the isolation belt in the middle of the main road be continuously closed, set up a U-turn passage (G) with a guardrail (ABCD) at an appropriate position, and drive from the branch road. Exiting vehicles can only turn right into the main road. If you want to cross the main road or turn left, you can only change lanes within the lane-changing distance (S), then turn around in the U-turn passage, change lanes after exiting the main road, and turn right Merge onto the slip road, or go straight.

The intersection design of vehicle flow described in the utility model:

In order to design a convenient and practical diversion scheme, it is first necessary to understand the traffic conditions of the road section, including the current and future development conditions. The traffic flow situation can be obtained through actual measurement, or from relevant traffic departments.

The data of traffic flow required for design include: (traffic flow refers to two-way, vehicles/hour)

(1) During the peak period of traffic flow, the current traffic flow and the expected development traffic flow of the main road and branch road.

(2) The proportion of long vehicles, large vehicles, and small vehicles in the peak traffic flow.

(3) The traffic flow and position when the left-turning vehicles are densest when driving on the main road.

(4) When driving out of the branch road, the peak flow rate and position of vehicles that need to cross the main road or turn left.

(5) In special circumstances, when long vehicles or large vehicles appear densely, the traffic flow and location.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 Structural diagram of intersection with vehicle flow;

The structural diagram of the U-turn passage at the crossroads of Fig. 2 traffic flow;

Fig. 3 is a sign diagram of an intersection with traffic flow;

3-1 Sign map of Z-type diversion intersection;

3-2 Notice board map of Z-shaped diversion intersection;

3-3 Pedestrian bridge sign at Z-shaped diversion intersection;

3-4 Pedestrian tunnel sign at Z-shaped diversion intersection;

                                                             

Figure 4 Pedestrian tunnel diagram at intersections where vehicles flow;

Figure 5 Pedestrian bridge at intersection with vehicle flow;

Graphic description: ABCD is the guardrail of the U-turn passage; R is the turning radius of the U-turn passage;

G is the U-turn channel; S is the line-changing distance;

N is a branch road; T is a pedestrian bridge;

M is the trunk road; X is the pedestrian tunnel;

      P is the median strip of the main road; b is the channel width;

Detailed ways:

1. The design of the U-turn passage (taking two-way 6-lane lanes and a 6m isolation strip in the middle as an example)

(1) The structure of the channel is shown in Figure 2. In order to make the vehicles entering the U-turn channel have a sufficient turning radius, the left lane is moved horizontally to the right to widen the middle isolation belt. As a whole, it is used as a two-way lane for turning around separately. The BC section of the guardrail is built with curb stones on both sides, and the middle is 0.5-0.8m higher than the road surface, and the surface is planted with grass and greenery. The AB and CD sections adopt the galvanized steel guardrail structure commonly used next to the expressway, and paint reflective signs.

(2) The turning radius of the channel should be considered from the left-turning vehicle flow and vehicle types of the road section. If the flow of left-turning long vehicles is small (one-way less than 10 vehicles/hour), and the flow of straight vehicles is not large (one-way is less than 500 vehicle/hour), the radius of the channel should be selected as a smaller value, because long vehicles can turn around in the middle or right lane, which will save land; but here we consider the large traffic flow and future development, so it should be convenient to choose the radius of the channel Long vehicles turn, so that vehicles can only be turned around in the left lane, which can ensure smooth driving.

(3) In order to allow enough space for vehicles to turn around, widen the lanes by 2-3m on both sides of a section of main road 30m before and after the center line of the turn-around passage, and then transition with oblique lines.

(4) The location of the U-turn channel should be selected in consideration of the following factors:

① There should be enough lane-changing distance from the branch road exit.

② Make a U-turn for the dense left-turning vehicles as soon as possible.

③ There is a sufficiently wide field to set up a U-turn passage.

④ There is no vehicle exit nearby. If there is, it should be closed and another way out should be made according to the exit rules.

⑤The number of U-turn passages is determined according to the traffic flow of left-turning vehicles in this road section. Generally, one is set on each side of the exit of the branch road. The passages are not less than 500m apart, which can be determined according to the above principles and the traffic flow conditions of the road section.

2. Lane-changing distance: The distance between the branch road exit and the U-turn passage is the "lane-changing distance". Choose between 100 and 200m, choose a longer one if the traffic volume is large, and try to verify the traffic volume below.

Assuming that the lane change distance is 100m and the average vehicle speed is 45km/h, then

Line change time T＝100m÷(45,000m/h÷3600s/h)

= 8s

The above-mentioned adjacent lane change can be completed in 2 seconds, and 8 seconds should be enough to change from the right lane to the left lane. Set within 100m lane change distance, and there are 2 vehicles on the average lane during peak hours, then

Traffic flow on main road N＝2 vehicles/lane×3 lanes×45,000m/h÷100m

   = 2700 vehicles/hour (one-way)

That's a lot of traffic too.

We can experience on existing highways (including expressways), when we see the exit signs on the side of the road, what is the driving distance required to change lanes in the lane.

3. Signs, signs and warning signs:

Usually, a new mode of operation will be unaccustomed, and the "-Z-" diversion junction should have clear instructions and notices. A special-purpose sign is designed for the vehicle flow crossing described in the utility model, which is installed at the forecast position of the road, and the driver will immediately realize that the "-Z-" type diversion method will be used to drive when he sees it. Some publicity guidelines are provided to allow drivers to understand the use of this diversion method in advance.

Fig. 3 shows the diversion sign of the vehicle flow crossing described in the utility model, and the indicator board and the notice board that should be provided, including the Z-type diversion intersection sign in Fig. 3-1; sign size: height * width = 1000 * 480mm , the color of the card base: white, with blue lines, installed 30m before the branch road exits the main road, and 100m before the main road enters the branch road; Figure 3-2 U-turn passage sign, installed 50m before the U-turn passage; Figure 3-3 Pedestrian Bridge Signs; Figure 3-4 Pedestrian Subway Signs; and Figure 3-5 Change of Line Signs.

4. Sidewalk

The biggest advantage of the vehicle flow intersection described in the utility model is that all vehicles traveling on the main lane do not need to stop at the intersection, we can imagine the scene of vehicles speeding past on the road surface, and it is very unsafe for pedestrians to cross the road , It also affects the smooth flow of vehicles, so special sidewalks should be set up.

As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, viaducts or underground tunnels should be used for pedestrian walkways, and they should be installed in places where there are many pedestrians at the intersection of branch roads and main roads. Pedestrian bridges have the advantages of easy construction, fast construction, and investment savings. There are renovations to busy roads. The pedestrian tunnel has the following advantages and is suitable for planning and construction.

(1) The height of pedestrians going up and down, the tunnel is smaller than the overpass (the clear height inside the tunnel is 2.2m and the clear height at the bottom of the overpass is greater than 4.5m). The pedestrian is less laborious.

(2) The tunnel is not afraid of the sun and rain.

(3) The tunnel is concealed, does not hinder the view, and occupies less land (road) than the overpass.

Refer to Figure 4 for specific settings, and flyovers or tunnels can be used according to the conditions of each road.

The implementation of the "-Z-" flow diversion scheme at the vehicle flow intersection described in the utility model can allow vehicles traveling on the main lane to have enough time and space for changing lanes and a safe U-turn channel, thereby canceling the traffic lights at the intersection, So that all vehicles do not have to stop, unimpeded. This will greatly improve the traffic, save fuel and time for vehicles, and there will be no vehicles idling at intersections to discharge exhaust gas, and environmental pollution will also be reduced.

The vehicle flow crossing described in the utility model, that is, the "-Z-" diversion crossing, can be relatively simply modified on existing roads. According to the above design principles, the investment is not much, and the construction period is not long. , as long as it is properly arranged, it will have little impact on the existing traffic.

The vehicle flow intersection described in the utility model is an improvement idea made personally in the existing traffic jam situation, and it needs to be verified by practice. It is suggested to select a road section for the test first, and it is estimated that It takes too much investment and time, and it won't cause a lot of trouble for traffic. Through the verification of examples and further improvement of relevant data, a more perfect plan can be provided for popularization and use.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of traffic crossing of vehicle, comprises trunk road (M), branch road (N), median strip (P) of trunk road and pedestrian overpass (T) pedestrian tunnel (X), it is characterized in that crossing does not set For traffic lights, a U-turn channel (G) with a "Z"-shaped guardrail (ABCD) is set in front of the right exit of the branch road in the direction of traffic flow, and a lane-changing distance (S) is set for the section between the right exit of the branch road and the U-turn channel , There are signs, signs and notice boards at the intersection notice position. 2. According to claim 1, the vehicle traffic intersection is characterized in that the left lane of the U-turn passage (G) moves obliquely to the right, the inclination angle is 12-15°, and the center line of the U-turn passage is 30 meters before and after. A section of the main road is widened by 2-3 meters on both sides, and then transitioned with oblique lines. 3. According to claim 1, the vehicle traffic intersection is characterized in that the "Z" guardrail (ABCD) is connected as a whole, and is used for two-way lanes for turning around, and the curbs on both sides of the guardrail (BC) section Masonry, the middle is 0.5-0.8 meters higher than the road surface, and the surface is planted with grass and greenery. The (AB) and (CD) section guardrails are made of galvanized steel plates, coated with reflective signs, and the turning radius of the lane can be seen from the left-turning vehicles of this section. It is determined by traffic volume and vehicle type, and the number of U-turn lanes is designed according to the traffic volume of left-turning vehicles. 4. According to claim 1 or 3, the crossroad where vehicles pass through is characterized in that the number of said U-turn passages is to set one on both sides of the branch road, or to increase the setting at an appropriate position, and the distance between the two U-turn passages is Not less than 500 meters. 5. The intersection for vehicles passing through according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the length of the lane changing distance is between 100-200 meters. 6. According to claim 1 or 3, the crossroad for vehicle flow is characterized in that the branch road of the crossroad is equipped with a diversion sign (Z) 30 meters before the main road, and enters the branch road at the main road. Install (Z) diversion crossing signboard 100 meters before the road. 7. According to claim 1 or 6, the crossroad through which vehicles pass through is characterized in that the size of the (Z) diversion crossroad signboard is height×width=1000×480mm, and the color of the bottom of the board is white , blue lines, and the notice board is installed 50m before the U-turn passage.

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