CN2655049Y - Movable grate type solid waste incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a solid waste incinerator, which is mainly composed of a hopper, a material layer regulating device, a mechanical grate, a furnace, a gas phase cyclone combustion chamber, a front arch, a rear arch, a flue, an air pipe, and an ash drop hole, etc. composition. The coarsely crushed solid waste enters the grate from the hopper, and goes through three stages of drying and volatilization, burning and burning. The high-temperature flue gas containing a large amount of combustible components enters the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber tangentially from the furnace, further high-temperature combustion and the separation of flue gas and dust are realized. By controlling the size of the mechanical grate air distribution, the solid waste can be burned to the maximum extent. . Its advantages are complete incineration, which curbs the generation of harmful components and dioxin-like substances in the flue gas, and realizes the early settlement of fly ash in the gas phase cyclone combustion chamber, reduces equipment wear, improves service life, and realizes closed automatic negative pressure operation. The environment is good.

Description

Movable grate type solid waste incinerator

(1) Technical field: incineration treatment of solid waste.

(two) background technology:

With the rapid development of my country's economy, the rapid improvement of people's living standards, and the continuous acceleration of urbanization, the generation of solid waste such as various domestic garbage, medical waste, agricultural and forestry waste, and sludge has increased sharply. In 2001, the amount of municipal solid waste produced in my country alone reached 150 million tons, and it is still growing at a rate of 8% to 10%. Therefore, the harmless treatment of solid waste has been widely concerned by the world. Harmless incineration treatment of solid waste meets the requirements of resource utilization, reduction and harmlessness, and can achieve the purpose of sterilization and disinfection. It has become the mainstream direction of harmless treatment of solid waste at home and abroad. At present, most of the waste incineration plants that have been built and put into operation in China use foreign technology and equipment. Although there are no problems in operation, the investment cost is extremely expensive. Therefore, research and development of practical technologies and equipment for solid waste treatment that are suitable for my country's national conditions very important practical significance. The applicant of the utility model is another garbage treatment incinerator after the "thermal selection type garbage incinerator" (patent No. 02276227.2). It is different from the known technology in terms of composition and structure, the determination of the design parameters of the furnace, technical and economic indicators, etc. All are different from known technology. In this utility model, we propose a fully automatic solid waste incineration technology with a harmless closed mechanical grate, and successfully develop a movable grate type solid waste incinerator. The incinerator is suitable for the harmless incineration of various domestic waste, medical waste, agricultural and forestry waste, sludge and coal gangue, and can basically achieve zero emission of dioxins, and achieve high volume reduction and resource utilization. It will cause secondary pollution.

(3) Contents of the invention:

1. The purpose of this design is: to realize the closed automatic negative pressure incineration of solid waste, and to improve the efficiency of incineration equipment for solid waste.

1. The purpose of this design is to: realize the closed automatic negative pressure incineration of solid waste, improve the adaptability of incineration equipment to solid waste; strengthen the disturbance of flue gas in the furnace and gas phase cyclone combustion chamber, and improve the combustion of solid waste rate; extend the flue gas flow, the residence time of the flue gas in the furnace is greater than 3 seconds, and eliminate the conditions for the formation of dioxin-like substances.

2. Technical solution: Figure 1 is the structural diagram of the design, which consists of a hopper (1), a mechanical grate (2), a furnace (3), a point burner (4), a heating burner (5), a burner Burner (6), channel (7), gas phase cyclone combustion chamber (8), air duct (9), material layer regulating device (10), ash hopper (11), ash drop hole (12), slag drop channel (13), fly ash drop hole (14), front arch (15) and rear arch (16), stove outlet (17) and ash baffle (18) form. The ignition burner is installed obliquely at the lower end of the front arch of the furnace, and the angle between its horizontal line and the horizontal line of the furnace body is α. The heating burner is installed vertically at the intersection of the center line of the rear arch wall and the bottom of the arch. It is communicated with the channel (7), which is located at two-thirds of the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber on the top of the furnace from top to bottom. Bucket (11) is welded on the bottom of mechanical fire grate. The coarsely crushed solid waste enters the hopper, falls on the guard grate through the material layer adjustment device, and is slowly and evenly sent into the furnace, ignited by the ignition burner, and goes through three stages of drying, volatilization, combustion and embers on the grate. Combustion-supporting air enters the furnace through the air duct through the gap on the grate to participate in combustion. The embers and ash fall into the slag pool. The high-temperature flue gas containing a large amount of combustible components enters the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber tangentially from the furnace, and is further combusted in the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber under the action of the heating burner. The high-temperature flue gas entering the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber is burned in a strong cyclone, and at the same time, the soot in the flue gas is thrown to the inner wall of the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber by centrifugal force, and then falls into the fly ash hole under the action of gravity, and is discharged with the slag. Fall into the slag pool together to realize the separation of flue gas and dust. The high-temperature flue gas passes through the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber and then goes directly to the waste heat utilization and flue gas purification device. Use an induced draft fan to ensure that the entire combustion system is in a negative pressure state.

3. The advantages and positive effects of this design:

1) Strong adaptability to solid waste, the incinerator is suitable for harmless incineration of various domestic waste, medical waste, agricultural and forestry waste, sludge and coal gangue.

2) The automatic auxiliary combustion system is adopted in the operation process, and the fluctuation of the incinerator operation due to the instability of the solid waste composition is small.

3) Control the size of the air distribution at different stages of solid waste combustion to achieve the maximum degree of embers.

4) The temperature of the furnace and the gas-phase cyclone combustion chamber is relatively high, and the residence time of the flue gas in the high-temperature section is longer than 3 seconds, which curbs the formation of harmful components and dioxins in the flue gas.

5) The early settlement of fly ash is realized in the gas phase cyclone combustion chamber, which reduces the wear degree and purification difficulty of subsequent equipment, and improves the service life of the equipment.

6) Realize closed automatic negative pressure operation, and the working environment is good.

(4) Description of the drawings: Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the design, 1 is a hopper, 2 is a mechanical grate, 3 is a hearth, 4 is a point burner, 5 is a heating burner, and 6 is an ember burner. 7 is a channel, 8 is a gas phase cyclone combustion chamber, 9 is an air duct, 10 is a material layer adjustment device, 11 is an ash hopper, 12 is an ash drop chamber, 13 is a slag drop channel, 14 is a fly ash drop hole, and 15 is Front arch, 16 is a rear arch, 17 is a flue gas outlet, and 18 is a gray baffle.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of moving grate formula solid waste incineration stove, it is characterized in that: it is by hopper (1), stoker fired grate (2), burner hearth (3), point burner (4), intensification burner (5), after-flame burner (6), passage (7), gas phase whirlwind burning chamber (8), airduct (9), bed of material adjusting device (10), ash bucket (11), ash-falling hole (12), slag passage (13) falls, the flying dust hole (14) that falls, face arch (15) and rear arch (16), exhanst gas outlet (17) and dust block board (18) are formed, igniter burner tilts to be installed on the face arch lower end of burner hearth, the horizontal angle of its horizontal line and body of heater is α, the intensification burner vertically is installed on the center line and the intersection point at the arch end of back arch wall, passage (7) UNICOM of burner hearth and gas phase whirlwind burning chamber, the position of this passage is in roof of the furnace gas phase whirlwind burning chamber 2/3rds places from top to bottom, airduct (9) is distributed in the stoker fired grate below, the wind hole that distributing on the airduct, ash bucket (11) is welded on the bottom of stoker fired grate.

2, solid waste incineration stove according to claim 1, the established angle α that it is characterized in that igniter burner is the 30-45 degree.

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