一种波浪发电装置A wave generator
本实用新型涉及一种利用海浪的波浪发电装置。The utility model relates to a wave power generating device utilizing ocean waves.
现在世界上已有几种波浪发电方案，比较先进的有挪威设计已建的两座波浪发电站，这两座电站在世界上尚属首创(根据中国专利报社《世界发明》1998年第二期发电新技术)。其中一座是钢圆筒结构，要建在海边岩壁的裂缝中，让波浪进入形成气压变化带动气涡轮转动而发电。这种设计有以下缺点：首先受地理条件限制；其次圆筒做得大，需要有大波浪，做得小，则吸收波浪能量少；再次将波浪能量变为气压不高的气动能量，传动低压涡轮的效率不高，设备大。另一座电站采用锥形隧道将波浪加大后流入比海平面高3米得水池获得高差势能而发电。这种方案也有缺点：其一是要搞锥形隧道这样大型基建，投资大；其二是只获得3米以上波浪峰部分海水相对于海平面的势能，全部势能应该是整个波浪峰相对于波浪谷的势能，因而这种方案起始吸收波浪能量效率就低。从投资效益来看，两座电站耗资2000万美元，年发电量共150万度，效益很低。Now there are several wave power generation schemes in the world, and the more advanced ones are two wave power stations designed and built in Norway. These two power stations are still the first in the world (according to the second issue of "World Invention" issued by China Patent News in 1998) new technologies for power generation). One of them is a steel cylinder structure, which will be built in the cracks of the seaside rock wall, allowing waves to enter to form air pressure changes to drive the gas turbine to rotate and generate electricity. This design has the following disadvantages: firstly, it is limited by geographical conditions; secondly, if the cylinder is made large, it needs to have large waves; if it is made small, it will absorb less wave energy; The efficiency of the turbine is not high, and the equipment is large. Another power station uses a conical tunnel to amplify the wave and then flows into a pool 3 meters above sea level to obtain potential energy of height difference and generate electricity. This scheme also has disadvantages: one is to build a large-scale infrastructure such as a conical tunnel, which requires a large investment; the other is to only obtain the potential energy of the seawater at the wave crest above 3 meters relative to the sea level, and the total potential energy should be the entire wave crest relative to the wave valley Potential energy, so the initial efficiency of this scheme to absorb wave energy is low. From the point of view of investment benefits, the two power stations cost 20 million U.S. dollars and have a total annual power generation of 1.5 million kWh, so the benefits are very low.
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种能充分利用波浪能量、效率高、设备简单的波浪发电装置。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a wave power generation device which can make full use of wave energy, has high efficiency and simple equipment.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型的波浪发电装置由浮板、油箱、蓄能器、回转液压缸、液压马达、发电机组成，发电机与液压马达之间为机械传动连接，回转液压缸与液压马达之间通过油管连接，其中高压管上设有蓄能器，低压油管上设有油箱；回转液压缸设在浮板与浮板之间，浮板上设有配重室和挡流板。In order to achieve the above purpose, the wave power generation device of the present utility model is composed of a floating plate, an oil tank, an accumulator, a rotary hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic motor, and a generator. The generator and the hydraulic motor are connected by mechanical transmission, and the rotary hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic The motors are connected by oil pipes. The high-pressure pipe is provided with an accumulator, and the low-pressure oil pipe is provided with an oil tank; the rotary hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the floating plates, and the floating plates are provided with a counterweight chamber and a baffle.
采用这样的结构后，处于半浮状态的浮板在海浪的推动下，使浮板之间产生相对摆动，带动回液压缸工作，高压油推动液压马达转动，带动发电机工作，这方式充分利用了海浪的能量，其结构简单、效率高。After adopting such a structure, the floating plates in the semi-floating state are driven by the waves, causing relative swing between the floating plates, driving the hydraulic cylinder to work, high-pressure oil to drive the hydraulic motor to rotate, and driving the generator to work. This method makes full use of It absorbs the energy of ocean waves, and its structure is simple and efficient.
图1为本实用新型具体的一种实施方案和结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a concrete embodiment and a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
如图1所述的本实用新型波浪发电装置由浮板1、油箱2、蓄能器3、回转液压缸4、液压马达5、发电机6组成，发电机6与液压马达5之间为机械传动连接，回转液压缸4与液压马达5之间通过油管连接，其中高压油管上设有蓄能器3，低度压油管上设有油箱2，回转液压缸4设在浮板与浮板之间。具体操作时，首先考察需要设置该海区的波浪情况，然后设计浮板(可用钢筋混凝土中间配泡沫、钢板、玻璃钢板中间配混凝土)，在浮板1的加附重至附重室使其比重接近海水的比重的二分之一，这样使到浮板完全离开水面受到的重力与完全淹没使的净浮力(即浮力减重力)相等，浮板1宽度在四分之一至二分之一波浪的波长之间，浮板1的长度可根据波浪情况及其他配套设施的参数而定。在浮板下面(放在水中时)正中设置的挡流板8与浮板垂直，长度与浮板一样，宽度近浮板三分之一，由于波浪前进时，波峰中质点运动方向与前进方向相同，波谷中则相反，所以水流对挡流板8产生的转动力矩，与整个浮板的转动一样，因而可以增加浮板的转动力矩，在两块平放浮板之间缝中设置的回转液压缸4(一般用双叶片式较适宜)在浮板1的相对转动吸入与压出高压液体，高压液体由油管至蓄能器3与液压马达5，马达带动发电机6发电。As shown in Figure 1, the utility model wave power generation device is composed of a floating plate 1, an oil tank 2, an accumulator 3, a rotary hydraulic cylinder 4, a hydraulic motor 5, and a generator 6. Between the generator 6 and the hydraulic motor 5 is a mechanical Transmission connection, the rotary hydraulic cylinder 4 and the hydraulic motor 5 are connected through oil pipes, in which the high-pressure oil pipe is provided with an accumulator 3, and the low-pressure oil pipe is provided with an oil tank 2, and the rotary hydraulic cylinder 4 is installed between the floating plate and the floating plate between. In the specific operation, first investigate the wave conditions in the sea area that need to be set, and then design the floating plate (reinforced concrete can be used with foam in the middle, steel plate, and glass steel plate with concrete in the middle), and add additional weight to the additional weight room on the floating plate 1 to make it specific. It is close to 1/2 of the specific gravity of seawater, so that the gravity that the floating plate leaves the water surface completely is equal to the net buoyancy (i.e. buoyancy minus gravity) that is completely submerged, and the width of the floating plate 1 is between 1/4 and 1/2 Between the wavelengths of the waves, the length of the floating plate 1 can be determined according to the wave conditions and the parameters of other supporting facilities. Below the floating plate (when placed in water), the baffle plate 8 set in the middle is perpendicular to the floating plate, the length is the same as the floating plate, and the width is nearly one-third of the floating plate. When the wave advances, the moving direction of the particle in the wave crest is the same as the advancing direction. It is the same, and it is the opposite in the trough, so the rotational moment generated by the water flow on the baffle plate 8 is the same as the rotation of the entire floating plate, so the rotational moment of the floating plate can be increased, and the rotation provided in the seam between two horizontal floating plates Hydraulic cylinder 4 (generally double-vane type is more suitable) absorbs and extrudes high-pressure liquid during the relative rotation of floating plate 1, and the high-pressure liquid is from oil pipe to accumulator 3 and hydraulic motor 5, and the motor drives generator 6 to generate electricity.
