Disclosure of utility model
In order to solve the problems of overlarge occupied area and overlarge system operation cost of a multistage heat treatment system in the prior art, the utility model provides a solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system which can thoroughly decompose solid waste at lower cost and has smaller occupied area.
The utility model discloses a solid-waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system, which comprises a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, a melting furnace and a secondary combustion chamber, and is characterized in that:
The pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the secondary combustion chamber are arranged above the melting furnace, and a slag discharging channel of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is communicated with a material inlet of the melting furnace;
The bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with an air guide scraping structure and a discharge hopper; the waste to be treated in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is piled up above the air guide and scraping structure, and the air guide and scraping structure is communicated with the discharge hopper;
The top of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with a pyrolysis smoke discharge port, the pyrolysis smoke discharge port is provided with two smoke pipelines, one of the two smoke pipelines is communicated with the melting furnace, and the other is communicated with a fuel air inlet at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber;
The melting furnace is provided with a melting smoke outlet communicated with a secondary combustion chamber smoke inlet arranged at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, and a secondary combustion chamber smoke outlet is arranged on the side surface of the top of the secondary combustion chamber;
The melting furnace is provided with a flue gas bypass outlet which is communicated with a heat source gas inlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace based on a flue gas pipeline.
It is further characterized by:
the wind-guiding and scraping structure comprises a rotary driving motor, a rotary supporting shaft and a grate bar;
The grate bars are integrally of an inverted bowl-shaped arched hollow structure with high middle and low two sides, gaps are reserved between adjacent grate bars, and the arched parts of the grate bars face the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace;
The top of the rotary supporting shaft is arranged at the center of the wind-guiding and scraping structure, and the rotary driving motor drives the wind-guiding and scraping structure and the furnace body of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace to rotate relatively based on the rotary supporting shaft;
The bottom side of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with a burner, the top is provided with a waste inlet, and a material column area in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is respectively provided with a sintering area, a pyrolysis incineration area and a drying preheating area from bottom to top;
The top of the melting furnace is provided with a hot slag inlet, a melting flue gas outlet and an auxiliary material charging port, and the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a flue gas bypass outlet, a secondary air inlet and a primary air inlet from top to bottom;
The inner cavity of the melting furnace is divided into a gas phase region, a melting reaction region and a molten pool region from top to bottom, wherein the gas phase region is used for partial secondary combustion of melting flue gas and is arranged above the secondary air inlet;
The secondary combustion chamber flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with the melting flue gas outlet of the melting furnace through a transition section with wide upper part and narrow lower part, and secondary combustion chamber combustion-supporting air equipment is arranged above the transition section.
The solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system provided by the application combines the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the melting furnace and the secondary combustion chamber together, is arranged from top to bottom, and reduces the occupied area of the system; the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with the air guide scraping structure, pyrolysis generated after pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is crushed by the air guide scraping structure to obtain pyrolysis slag, other treatment equipment is not needed, the pyrolysis slag is directly fed into the melting furnace in a hot state without cooling to be further heated and melted, the material treatment process is shortened, the hot slag is directly melted, waste heat of the slag is avoided, the feeding in the melting furnace is high-temperature slag, the heat required for lifting the hot slag to the melting temperature in the melting furnace is less, and the fixed carbon generated by pyrolysis exists in the hot slag and can be used as a fuel source, so that the fuel required by melting is less, and the construction and operation cost of the heat treatment system is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, because the hot slag reduces the heat requirement for melting, namely, a large amount of oxygen and fuel are not needed in the melting process, the oxygen enrichment concentration requirement in the melting combustion-supporting air is also reduced, and the combustion-supporting cost required by a melting furnace is reduced. The pyrolysis flue gas discharge port is provided with two flue gas pipelines, one is communicated with a secondary air inlet of the melting furnace, and the other is communicated with a fuel air inlet at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber. Because the pyrolysis flue gas contains combustible gas, the pyrolysis flue gas can be used as fuel required by melting after being sent into a melting furnace, the fuel consumption of the melting furnace is saved, and the other part of pyrolysis flue gas enters a secondary combustion chamber, wherein combustible components are further burnt, harmful substances are decomposed at high temperature, and the secondary combustion chamber does not need to additionally input fuel, so that the system operation cost is reduced. And part of the molten smoke is used as a heat source required by pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace through a smoke bypass outlet, so that the smoke waste heat is effectively utilized, and meanwhile, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace does not need other additional heat sources, so that the system operation cost is further reduced.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the application comprises a solid-waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system, which comprises a pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1, a melting furnace 2 and a secondary combustion chamber 3.
The pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 3 are arranged above the melting furnace 2, a slag discharging channel 104 of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is communicated with a material inlet of the melting furnace 2, a melting flue gas outlet 202 of the melting furnace 2 is communicated with a secondary combustion chamber flue gas inlet arranged at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 3, and a secondary combustion chamber flue gas outlet 302 is arranged on the side surface of the top of the secondary combustion chamber 3.
In the embodiment, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is of a vertical cylindrical structure, a burner 103 is arranged on the side surface of the bottom, a waste inlet 101 is arranged on the top, waste to be treated enters from the waste inlet 101, and a material column is formed in the furnace. The material column area in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is respectively a sintering area, a pyrolysis incineration area and a drying preheating area from bottom to top, and the corresponding temperature is also from high to bottom. In specific application, the inside of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is at least 800 ℃ of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace.
The bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is provided with an air guiding and scraping structure 4 and a discharge hopper 5. Waste to be treated in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is piled up above the air guide hanging structure, and the air guide scraping structure is communicated with the discharge hopper. The air guide scraping structure is convenient for introducing air from the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace and heat source smoke from a melting furnace through a hollow structure of the air guide scraping structure, so that pyrolysis reaction in the sintering area at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace can fully occur, and carbide generated after sintering is scraped by the air guide scraping structure to fall from edges or gaps of the material and is discharged into the discharge hopper 5.
The air guide and scraping structure 4 comprises a rotary driving motor 401, a rotary supporting shaft 402 and grate bars 403, wherein the grate bars 403 are integrally of an inverted bowl-shaped arched hollow structure with high middle and low two sides, gaps are reserved between the adjacent grate bars 403, the arched parts of the grate bars 403 face to the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1, the bottoms of the grate bars 403 are rotatably arranged on a bottom plate 103 of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, waste 6 to be processed in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is piled above the arched parts of the grate bars 403, the top of the rotary supporting shaft 402 is arranged at the center of the air guide and scraping structure, and the rotary driving motor 401 drives the air guide and scraping structure and a furnace body of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace to rotate relatively based on the rotary supporting shaft 402.
When the pyrolytic carbonization furnace operates, high-temperature carbide sintered at the bottom of a material column of waste 6 to be treated is scraped into crushed aggregates by the grate 403, and the height Wen Suiliao is thrown to the edge of the grate when the grate 403 in the shape of an inverted bowl rotates, and is discharged into the discharge hopper 5. The discharging hopper 5 has a structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, and is used for collecting crushed aggregates falling from the top part and discharging the crushed aggregates into the melting furnace 2 through the slag discharging channel 104 arranged at the bottom part.
The specific shape of the grate 403, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, may be a grate based on the radiation of the center to the periphery, a mesh structure, or a parallel structure based on all the grate. And processing according to actual requirements. After the grate bar is processed, the grate bar is rotatably installed on a bottom plate 103 of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace based on a bearing structure.
In the application, the pyrolysis carbonization reaction of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is carried out at the bottom of a furnace chamber, partial pyrolysis partial incineration reaction occurs in a middle pyrolysis incineration zone, only preheating drying occurs in a top drying preheating zone, and a large amount of carbon monoxide is contained in pyrolysis flue gas discharged from the top, which belongs to combustible gas. So set up pyrolysis fume discharge port 102 at pyrolysis carbonization stove 1 top, pyrolysis fume discharge port 102 sets up two flue gas pipelines, and one communicates the overgrate air entry 205 of melting furnace 2, and another communicates the fuel wind entry of two combustion chamber 3 bottoms, and pyrolysis fume is drawn forth the back through draught fan 7, is sent into melting furnace 2 and two combustion chamber 3 respectively. Because the pyrolysis flue gas contains combustible gas, the pyrolysis flue gas can be used as fuel required by melting after being sent into a melting furnace, the fuel consumption of the melting furnace is saved, and the other part of pyrolysis flue gas and the melting flue gas discharged from a melting flue gas outlet 202 enter a secondary combustion chamber together, wherein combustible components (such as carbon monoxide) are further burnt, harmful substances (such as dioxin) are decomposed at high temperature, and the secondary combustion chamber does not need to additionally input fuel, so that the running cost of the system is further reduced.
The melting furnace 2 is of a horizontal structure with a rectangular cross section, a hot slag inlet 201, a melting flue gas outlet 202 and an auxiliary material charging opening 203 are arranged at the top of the melting furnace, and a flue gas bypass outlet 204, a secondary air inlet 205 and a primary air inlet 207 are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body from top to bottom.
The inner cavity of the melting furnace 2 is divided into a gas phase zone, a melting reaction zone and a molten pool zone from top to bottom, wherein the gas phase zone is used for partial secondary combustion of the melting smoke, a large amount of high-temperature smoke exists, the gas phase zone is arranged above the secondary air inlet 205, and the gas phase zone is positioned above the melting liquid level and specifically comprises the secondary air inlet upwards to the inner side of the furnace top. The bath area is used for temporarily storing the melt and is arranged in the area below the primary air inlet 207. The melting reaction zone is used for high-temperature melting reaction of the materials and is arranged between the primary air inlet 207 and the molten liquid level. When the melting furnace is started initially, fuel is placed at the bottom of a molten pool area, materials fall down to be melted immediately, and the molten pool area is formed into a molten pool. After the molten pool is formed, heat is accumulated, and then a part of fuel is slowly supplemented to supplement heat loss, so that the temperature is kept.
The hot slag crushed aggregates falling into the hot slag inlet 201 fall into a bottom melting pool area and are melted at high temperature in the melting area, after the hot slag is melted, organic matters and fuel are gasified and rise into a gas phase area, and inorganic matters are melted and remain in the bottom melting area.
Because the pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 needs a large amount of heat energy to react, the pyrolysis temperature in the embodiment is about 800 ℃, while the flue gas oxygen content in the gas phase region of the melting furnace 2 is very low, and the temperature is very high between 1200 and 1400 ℃, so that the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is very suitable for being used as a pyrolysis heat source. Therefore, the melting furnace 2 is provided with a flue gas bypass outlet 204, and the flue gas bypass outlet 204 is communicated with a heat source gas inlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace based on a flue gas pipeline. The partially melted flue gas is used as a heat source required by pyrolysis through a flue gas bypass outlet 204, so that the flue gas waste heat is effectively utilized.
In the embodiment, a gas phase region of the melting furnace adopts a heat-insulating refractory material or a water jacket and refractory material structure, a melting reaction region adopts a copper water jacket structure, and a molten pool region adopts a heat-insulating refractory material. The melting furnace is provided with a vitreous slag tap 206 and a slag tap chute on the sides of the upper part of the bath zone. A metal outlet or an emergency slag outlet is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the molten pool area. Compared with single incineration disposal, the output of the system is vitreous slag, and the problems of reduction rate, leaching toxicity, heavy metal, dioxin and the like do not exist, so that the system is a harmless solid material capable of being recycled, and the problem that ash slag produced by incineration needs secondary landfill or further fusion treatment is avoided. In practical application, valuable metals in the solid waste can be deposited and accumulated at the bottom of the melting furnace, so that certain metal extraction is realized, and certain benefits are brought.
To ensure that the tapping of the melting furnace is satisfactory, a certain amount of melting aid (auxiliary materials containing calcium, silicon and iron, and auxiliary fuel if necessary) is added via the auxiliary material feed opening 203 at the top of the melting furnace based on the melting batching system 305. Fly ash generated by the downstream flue gas treatment of the system is also added through an auxiliary material charging port.
The secondary combustion chamber flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 3 is connected with the melting flue gas outlet 202 of the melting furnace 2 through a transition section 301 with a narrow upper width, and a secondary combustion chamber combustion-supporting air device 304 is arranged above the transition section 301. The flue gas discharged from the molten flue gas outlet 202 enters the secondary combustion chamber 3 through the narrow and upper wide transition section 301, and the gas diffusion is fully mixed with the combustion air fed by the secondary combustion chamber combustion air equipment 304, so that the combustion efficiency in the secondary combustion chamber is improved.
In general, the secondary combustion chamber 3 needs to be maintained at about 1100 ℃ to thoroughly decompose organic matters and harmful substances, the temperature of the flue gas sent from the gas phase region of the melting furnace 2 is about 1300 ℃, and the heat is enough for the secondary combustion chamber, so that a part of the heat can be used as a heat source for pyrolysis, and the secondary combustion chamber does not need to be added with other heat sources, and the heat in the flue gas discharged from the secondary combustion chamber is recovered by a boiler and the like.
The process for treating the waste based on the solid-waste pyrolysis-melting integrated system comprises the following steps.
S1, delivering waste 6 to be treated into a pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 for pretreatment;
in pretreatment, the waste 6 to be treated is subjected to pyrolysis reaction, part of organic components in the waste are converted into combustible gas to enter pyrolysis smoke, and the other part of organic components are carbonized into fixed carbon and enter pyrolysis residues together with inorganic components.
S2, directly sending the pyrolysis slag into a melting furnace 2 in a thermal state without cooling for further heating and melting treatment, and sending pyrolysis flue gas with combustible gas into a secondary combustion chamber 3 for secondary incineration and decomposition;
In step S2, a part of the pyrolysis flue gas with the combustible gas is introduced into the melting furnace 2 together with the secondary air through the secondary air inlet 205 as a fuel gas.
And S3, delivering high-temperature molten smoke generated in the melting furnace 2 into a secondary combustion chamber 3 for secondary incineration and decomposition.
Valuable metals in the waste 6 to be treated are deposited and accumulated at the bottom of the melting furnace 2, and other solid matters generated after the melting reaction are discharged based on the glass form.
And (3) leading out a part of high-temperature molten flue gas generated in the melting furnace 2 to enter the pyrolysis carbonization furnace as a pyrolysis heat source and combustion air.
And S4, secondarily burning the smoke in the secondary combustion chamber 3, and sending the generated secondarily burned smoke into a subsequent smoke treatment system for purification and then discharging.
Compared with direct material melting treatment, the method for treating solid dangerous waste by combining pyrolysis and melting, disclosed by the application, has the advantages that the self heat value of the material is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the waste heat of high-temperature melting flue gas is utilized as a pyrolysis heat source, so that the operation cost is greatly improved.
Compared with the two-stage treatment mode of solid waste in the prior art, namely, pyrolysis or incineration of materials is carried out firstly, cold slag is treated in a melting furnace, the flow of the utility model is shorter, the hot slag is directly melted, waste heat of slag is avoided, a large amount of fixed carbon in pyrolysis slag can be used as fuel for downstream melting, and thus, the construction and operation cost is lower.
The pyrolysis process of the utility model converts part of organic components into combustible gas to enter smoke, simultaneously part of organic components are carbonized into fixed carbon to enter pyrolysis slag, the pyrolysis slag is directly sent into a melting furnace in a thermal state without cooling to be further heated and melted, the pyrolysis smoke with the combustible gas is finally mixed with high-temperature smoke of a downstream melting furnace to be fully burnt and decomposed in a secondary combustion chamber, a part of the high-temperature smoke of the melting furnace is led out to enter a pyrolysis carbonization furnace to be used as a pyrolysis heat source and combustion air, sensible heat of the melting smoke is used as a pyrolysis heat source, and meanwhile, the smoke contains a small amount of oxygen and can participate in pyrolysis reaction. According to the utility model, the complex comprehensive solid dangerous waste is directly converted into the vitreous slag through the pyrolysis and melting integrated process, the vitreous slag meets the requirements of national standard GB41015, and further resource utilization can be performed.