CN222052678U - A photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation - Google Patents
A photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation Download PDFInfo
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- CN222052678U CN222052678U CN202323599027.0U CN202323599027U CN222052678U CN 222052678 U CN222052678 U CN 222052678U CN 202323599027 U CN202323599027 U CN 202323599027U CN 222052678 U CN222052678 U CN 222052678U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic controllers, and comprises: the photovoltaic panel is connected with the storage battery through the voltage reducing circuit, the photovoltaic panel is connected with one input end of the PWM modulator through the first voltage dividing circuit, the storage battery is connected with the other input end of the PWM modulator through the second voltage dividing circuit, two output ends of the PWM modulator are connected with the voltage reducing circuit, the other output end of the PWM modulator is connected with the load control circuit, the storage battery is connected with the load through the load control circuit, and gains of the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are equal. The utility model solves the problems of higher power consumption and lower conversion efficiency when the traditional pulse width modulation type photovoltaic controller supplies power to a low-power load by arranging the voltage reduction circuit, the first voltage division circuit, the second voltage division circuit, the load control circuit and the PWM modulator.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic controllers, in particular to a photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation.
Background
The photovoltaic controller is fully called as a photovoltaic charge-discharge controller, is automatic control equipment for controlling the charge and discharge of a solar cell matrix to a storage battery in a photovoltaic power generation system, can set control conditions according to the charge and discharge characteristics of the storage battery to control the electric energy output of a solar cell assembly and the storage battery to a load, and has the main functions of protecting the storage battery and stabilizing the working state of a power station. Photovoltaic charge-discharge controllers can be basically divided into five types: the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a parallel type photovoltaic controller, a serial type photovoltaic controller, a pulse width modulation type photovoltaic controller (PWM), an intelligent photovoltaic controller and a maximum power tracking type photovoltaic controller (MPPT), wherein the most common pulse width modulation type photovoltaic controller is used for supplying power to a small-power load, but the existing pulse width modulation type photovoltaic controller has the problems of higher power consumption and lower conversion efficiency.
Disclosure of utility model
In order to solve the problems of higher power consumption and lower conversion efficiency of the existing pulse width modulation type photovoltaic controller for supplying power to a low-power load, the utility model provides a photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation, which comprises:
The photovoltaic panel is connected with the storage battery through the voltage reducing circuit, the photovoltaic panel is connected with one input end of the PWM modulator through the first voltage dividing circuit, the storage battery is connected with the other input end of the PWM modulator through the second voltage dividing circuit, two output ends of the PWM modulator are connected with the voltage reducing circuit, the other output end of the PWM modulator is connected with the load control circuit, the storage battery is connected with the load through the load control circuit, and gains of the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are equal.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: the voltage generated by the photovoltaic panel is firstly collected through a first voltage dividing circuit, then the voltage at two ends of the storage battery is collected through a second voltage dividing circuit, the gains of the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are equal, namely the voltage collection of the photovoltaic panel and the storage battery is in equal proportion, then the voltage of the photovoltaic panel is compared with the voltage of the storage battery through a PWM modulator, if the voltage at two ends of the photovoltaic panel is higher than the voltage of the storage battery, the PWM modulator generates a driving signal to start the voltage reducing circuit, and the voltage at two ends of the photovoltaic panel is reduced through the voltage reducing circuit and then is charged into the storage battery. The storage battery supplies power to the load through the PWM modulator and the load control circuit. According to the utility model, the voltage reduction circuit is controlled by the PWM modulator to charge the storage battery, and reverse charge prevention diodes are not required to be arranged for a plurality of loops, so that the diode loss is reduced, and the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic controller is improved.
The one or more technical schemes provided by the utility model have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
According to the utility model, the voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the voltage of the storage battery are respectively acquired through the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit and are input into the PWM modulator, the photovoltaic panel is controlled to charge and discharge the storage battery through the voltage dividing circuit and the PWM modulator, and the storage battery is used for supplying power to a load through the PWM modulator and the load circuit.
By arranging the load control circuit, the utility model can play an overload protection role when the storage battery supplies power for the load.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the utility model;
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a prior art PWM power-scaling-based photovoltaic controller;
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a photovoltaic controller based on PWM power distribution in the present utility model.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present utility model will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the utility model will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. In addition, the embodiments of the present utility model and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present utility model, but the present utility model may be practiced in other ways than within the scope of the description, and therefore the scope of the utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a conventional photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation, in order to effectively prevent overcharging, a PWM charging controller is developed to fully utilize solar energy to charge a storage battery, the PWM charging controller switches input of a photovoltaic module in a pulse manner, when the storage battery tends to be full, as terminal voltage of the storage battery gradually increases, frequency or duty ratio of pulses changes, so that on time is shortened, charging current gradually tends to zero, and when the voltage of the storage battery decreases from a full-charge point, the charging current gradually increases, and the charging process forms a complete charging state.
Therefore, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a photovoltaic controller based on PWM power distribution according to the present utility model, the controller includes: the photovoltaic panel is connected with the storage battery through the voltage reducing circuit, the photovoltaic panel is connected with one input end of the PWM modulator through the first voltage dividing circuit, the storage battery is connected with the other input end of the PWM modulator through the second voltage dividing circuit, two output ends of the PWM modulator are connected with the voltage reducing circuit, the other output end of the PWM modulator is connected with the load control circuit, the storage battery is connected with the load through the load control circuit, and gains of the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are equal.
Specific embodiments of the utility model are as follows: firstly, voltage division and collection are carried out on the voltage at the V 1 + end and the V 1 -end of the photovoltaic panel through a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, then voltage division and collection are carried out on the voltage at the V 2 + end and the V 2 -end of the storage battery through a resistor R4 and a resistor R5, the ratio of the resistor R2 to the resistor R3 is equal to that of the resistor R4 to the resistor R5, the voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the voltage of the storage battery are respectively collected through two voltage division circuits with equal gains, and the phenomenon that damage is caused to a PWM modulator when the voltage is too high can be reduced. And then the divided photovoltaic panel voltage and the storage battery voltage are input to a No. 1 pin and a No. 2 pin of the PWM modulator, the photovoltaic panel voltage and the storage battery voltage are compared through a comparator built in the PWM modulator, if the storage battery voltage is lower than the photovoltaic panel voltage, the PWM modulator generates a modulation signal to drive the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 to be conducted, when the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 are conducted, the inductor L1 stores electric energy, the capacitor C1 is charged, when the transistors MN1 and MN2 are turned off, energy between the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 is charged to the storage battery, after the inductive current is charged to the storage battery, the transistors MN1 and MN2 are turned off, but at the moment, the current in the inductor L1 cannot be immediately disappeared, so that the electric energy in the inductor L1 can be reversely transmitted back to the transistors MN1 and MN2 to drive the diode Z1 to be conducted, and the duty ratio of the transistors MN1 and MN2 is controlled through the PWM modulator, and therefore the photovoltaic panel is charged efficiently and stably for the storage battery. The utility model does not arrange anti-reverse-charging diodes for a plurality of loops, thereby reducing diode loss and improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic controller. When the storage battery supplies power for a load, the triode VT1 is driven to be conducted through the PWM modulator to generate a driving signal, the triode VT1 is sequentially driven to be conducted with the transistor MN3 after being conducted, so that power is supplied for the load, meanwhile, the collected storage battery voltage is too low or the load current exceeds a set value, the PWM modulator generates the driving signal to drive the triode VT1 to be closed, and therefore the whole load control circuit is turned off, and the overload protection effect is achieved.
The voltage reducing circuit comprises a variable resistor R L, a transistor MN1, a transistor MN2, a diode Z1, an inductor L1, a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1, wherein one end of the variable resistor R L is respectively connected with a V 1 + end of the photovoltaic panel and one end of the inductor L1, the other end of the variable resistor R L is respectively connected with a V 1 -end of the photovoltaic panel and a source electrode of the transistor MN1, a drain electrode of the transistor MN1 is connected with a drain electrode of the transistor MN2, a source electrode of the transistor MN2 is grounded, a grid electrode of the transistor MN1 is connected with a pin 4 of the PWM modulator, one end of the resistor R1 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a V 2 -end of the storage battery, a positive end of the diode Z1 is connected with a negative end of the capacitor C1, a source electrode of the resistor Z1 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with a pin 5 of the PWM modulator, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the capacitor L1 is grounded.
When the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the voltage of the photovoltaic panel, the PWM modulator generates a modulation signal to drive the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 to be conducted, when the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 are conducted, the inductor L1 stores electric energy, the capacitor C1 is charged, when the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 are turned off, energy between the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 is charged to the storage battery, after the inductor current is charged to the storage battery, the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 are turned off, but the current in the inductor L1 cannot disappear immediately at the moment, so that the electric energy in the inductor L1 can be reversely transmitted back to the transistors MN1 and MN2 to drive the diode Z1 to be conducted, the duty ratio of the transistors MN1 and MN2 is controlled through the PWM modulator, and therefore the photovoltaic panel is charged with high efficiency and stability of the storage battery. The resistor R1 plays a role of protecting the resistor, and can be selected to have a resistance value close to 0, and the utility model is not particularly limited.
Wherein, the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 are both N-type transistors.
The N-type transistor has the advantages of small on-resistance and fast switching speed response.
The first voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the V 1 -end of the photovoltaic panel, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the No. 2 pin of the PWM modulator.
The second voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R4 and a resistor R5, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with a V 2 + end of the storage battery, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with a No. 1 pin of the PWM modulator.
The voltage of the photovoltaic panel is acquired through the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 in a partial pressure mode, the voltage of the storage battery is acquired through the resistor R4 and the resistor R5 in a partial pressure mode, the acquired partial pressure signals are input to pins 1 and 2 of the PWM modulator and are compared through a comparator built in the PWM modulator, and therefore driving signals with different frequencies and duty ratios are generated, but the fact that the ratio of the resistor R2 to the resistor R3 is equal to the ratio of the resistor R4 to the resistor R5 is guaranteed.
The load control circuit comprises a triode VT1, a triode VT2, a transistor MN3, a resistor R6, a resistor R7 and a resistor R8, wherein the base electrode of the triode VT1 is connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with a No. 3 pin of the PWM modulator, the collector electrode of the triode VT1 is respectively connected with one end of the resistor R7 and the base electrode of the triode VT2, the collector electrode of the triode VT2 is respectively connected with one end of the resistor R8 and the gate electrode of the transistor MN3, the other end of the resistor R7 and the emitter electrode of the triode VT2 are respectively connected with a V 3 + end of a load, the drain electrode of the transistor MN3 is connected with a V 3 -end of the load, and the emitter electrode of the triode VT1, the other end of the resistor R8 and the source electrode of the transistor MN3 are respectively grounded.
The storage battery supplies power for a load through the load control circuit, and the PWM modulator generates a driving signal through a pin No. 3 to drive the triode VT1 to be conducted, so that the triode VT2 is driven to be conducted with the transistor MN3, and the whole load control circuit is driven to work. Meanwhile, when the collected storage battery voltage is too low or the load current exceeds a set value, the PWM modulator generates a driving signal to drive the triode VT1 to be closed, so that the whole load control circuit is turned off, and the overload protection effect is achieved.
Wherein, the transistor MN3 is an N-type transistor.
The N-type transistor has the advantages of small on-resistance and fast switching speed response.
While preferred embodiments of the present utility model have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the utility model.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present utility model without departing from the spirit or scope of the utility model. Thus, it is intended that the present utility model also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A photovoltaic controller based on PWM power scaling, the controller comprising: the photovoltaic panel is connected with the storage battery through the voltage reducing circuit, the photovoltaic panel is connected with one input end of the PWM modulator through the first voltage dividing circuit, the storage battery is connected with the other input end of the PWM modulator through the second voltage dividing circuit, two output ends of the PWM modulator are connected with the voltage reducing circuit, the other output end of the PWM modulator is connected with the load control circuit, the storage battery is connected with the load through the load control circuit, and gains of the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are equal.
2. The PWM power distribution-based photovoltaic controller according to claim 1, wherein the voltage reducing circuit comprises a variable resistor R L, a transistor MN1, a transistor MN2, a diode Z1, an inductor L1, a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1, one end of the variable resistor R L is connected to the V 1 + end of the photovoltaic panel and one end of the inductor L1, the other end of the variable resistor R L is connected to the V 1 -end of the photovoltaic panel and the source of the transistor MN1, the drain of the transistor MN1 is connected to the drain of the transistor MN2, the source of the transistor MN2 is grounded, the gate of the transistor MN1 is connected to pin No. 4 of the PWM modulator, one end of the resistor R1 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the V 2 -end of the battery, the positive end of the diode Z1 is connected to the negative end of the inductor L1, the other end of the capacitor L4 is connected to the negative end of the inductor L1, and the other end of the capacitor L4 is connected to the positive end of the capacitor L1.
3. The PWM power-scaling-based photovoltaic controller according to claim 2, wherein the transistor MN1 and the transistor MN2 are both N-type transistors.
4. The photovoltaic controller based on PWM power distribution according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage dividing circuit includes a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the V 1 -end of the photovoltaic panel, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to pin No. 2 of the PWM modulator.
5. The photovoltaic controller based on PWM power distribution according to claim 1, wherein the second voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R4 and a resistor R5, one end of the resistor R4 is connected to the V 2 + end of the storage battery, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to pin 1 of the PWM modulator.
6. The photovoltaic controller based on PWM power distribution according to claim 1, wherein the load control circuit comprises a triode VT1, a triode VT2, a transistor MN3, a resistor R6, a resistor R7 and a resistor R8, wherein a base electrode of the triode VT1 is connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with pin No. 3 of the PWM modulator, a collector electrode of the triode VT1 is connected with one end of the resistor R7 and a base electrode of the triode VT2 respectively, a collector electrode of the triode VT2 is connected with one end of the resistor R8 and a gate electrode of the transistor MN3 respectively, an emitter electrode of the resistor R7 and an emitter electrode of the triode VT2 are connected with a V 3 + end of the load, a drain electrode of the transistor MN3 is connected with a V 3 -end of the load, and an emitter electrode of the resistor R8 and a source electrode of the transistor MN3 are grounded.
7. A PWM power-scaling-based photovoltaic controller according to claim 6, wherein the transistor MN3 is an N-type transistor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202323599027.0U CN222052678U (en) | 2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27 | A photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation |
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| CN202323599027.0U CN222052678U (en) | 2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27 | A photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation |
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| CN222052678U true CN222052678U (en) | 2024-11-22 |
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| CN202323599027.0U Active CN222052678U (en) | 2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27 | A photovoltaic controller based on PWM power allocation |
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