CN221991752U

CN221991752U - Biomass industrial boiler

Info

Publication number: CN221991752U
Application number: CN202323548584.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟嫚嫚; 吕英胜; 王华东; 钟继强; 李昕蔚; 张伟; 王德昌; 徐光灿; 考国强; 马建东; 王海峰; 郭会朋; 王耀
Original assignee: Jinan Boiler Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Jinan Boiler Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-12-26
Filing date: 2023-12-26
Publication date: 2024-11-12
Anticipated expiration: 2033-12-26

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biomass industrial boiler, comprising a second flue, a third flue, and a fourth flue which are sequentially connected to the outlet of the furnace and arranged vertically, the inlet of the second flue is connected to the outlet of the furnace, the lower ends of the second flue and the third flue are connected through the ash hopper of the radiation chamber, the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through the furnace top turning flue, and the furnace, the second flue, the third flue, the furnace top turning flue, and the fourth flue are arranged in an M shape as a whole; the furnace, the second flue, and the third flue are full membrane water-cooled wall structures, a boiler drum is arranged above the furnace, the boiler drum is supported on a steel frame or a foundation through a downcomer connected thereto, and the membrane water-cooled wall is supported on a steel frame through a water-cooled wall lower header. The multi-flue arrangement prolongs the flue gas flow, and at the same time facilitates the arrangement of the multi-stage superheater heating surface, thereby improving the boiler efficiency; the boiler body adopts a method in which the lower part is supported on a steel frame, the structure is simple, the heating surface is compactly arranged, and it can expand freely upward after being heated.

Description

Biomass industrial boiler

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of industrial boilers, in particular to a biomass-fired industrial boiler.

Background

The industrial boiler is an important thermodynamic device, brings great convenience to the production and life of people and is widely applied to the fields of resident life, building heating, papermaking, chemical industry, coal and the like. Along with the increasing exhaustion of primary energy reserves and the increasing serious environmental pollution problem caused by the non-controlled utilization of mineral energy, biomass industrial boilers using biomass such as agricultural and forestry waste, straw and bark as fuel have become the trend of boiler research and development at home and abroad. The existing biomass industrial boilers are mostly fast-assembled furnaces developed on the basis of coal-fired furnaces, the fire grate and the heating area are small, the fire grate and the air distribution are not flexible to adjust, the intercept of a heating surface is small, the deposited ash is severely corroded, the problems of low combustion efficiency, high pollutant emission, narrow adjusting range, short operation period and the like exist, and the development of a more stable, efficient and environment-friendly biomass industrial boiler is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a novel biomass industrial boiler so as to solve the problems in the background art.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for achieving the purpose is as follows:

The utility model provides a living beings industrial boiler, includes furnace, with the export of furnace second flue, third flue, the fourth flue that link to each other in proper order, its characterized in that: the second flue, the third flue and the fourth flue are all vertically arranged, an inlet of the second flue is connected with an outlet of the hearth, the lower end parts of the second vertical flue and the third vertical flue are communicated through a radiation chamber ash bucket, the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through a furnace top turning flue, and the hearth, the second flue, the third flue, the furnace top turning flue and the fourth flue are integrally arranged in an M shape;

The hearth, the second flue and the third flue are of a full-membrane water-cooled wall structure, a boiler barrel is arranged above the hearth, and a reciprocating grate is arranged below the hearth; an evaporator and a superheater are arranged in the third flue, and an economizer and an air preheater are arranged in the fourth flue; the boiler barrel is supported on the steel frame or the foundation through a downcomer connected with the boiler barrel, and the membrane water wall is supported on the steel frame through a water wall lower header.

By adopting the technical scheme, the flue gas flow is prolonged, the heat exchange is increased, the arrangement of the multi-stage superheater heating surfaces is convenient, and the boiler efficiency is further improved; and is beneficial to timely removing ash in the convection heating area of the boiler, and ensures the long-term, efficient and safe operation of the boiler. The boiler body adopts a supporting mode that the lower part is supported on the steel frame, the structure is simple, the arrangement of the heating surface is compact, and the boiler body can be freely expanded upwards after being heated. The ash hoppers are arranged at the lower parts of the second flue and the third flue, in the running process of the boiler, accumulated ash adhered on each convection heating surface in the flue is blown down into the ash hoppers at the lower parts of the convection heating surfaces through the soot blowers, and the ash blown down by the soot blowers can be timely removed, so that the secondary accumulated ash of the heating surface of the next stage is avoided, and the problem of accumulated ash in the flue is effectively solved. The hearth, the second flue and the third flue are of a full-film water-cooled wall structure, so that the sealing performance is good, leakage is prevented, the safety is ensured, and the heat efficiency is high.

In the biomass industrial boiler, the superheater comprises a first-stage superheater and a second-stage superheater, and the second-stage superheater, the first-stage superheater and the evaporator are sequentially arranged in the third flue according to the flue gas flow direction; the evaporator and the superheater are connected with a membrane water-cooled wall of the third flue, a lower header support is arranged on the steel frame, and the membrane water-cooled wall is supported on the steel frame through the lower header of the water-cooled wall and the lower header support.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the evaporimeter direct weld is on diaphragm type wall bank of tubes, need not set up the wall hole on the flue, assurance flue that can be better sealed effect.

Further, a water spraying desuperheater is arranged between the primary superheater and the secondary superheater.

By adopting the technical scheme, the water spraying desuperheater is arranged between the primary superheater and the secondary superheater, so that the overheat steam temperature can be controlled and kept to be a specified value, and the overheat is prevented from being overtemperature, so that the overheat is protected.

In the biomass industrial boiler, the economizer comprises a first economizer, a second economizer, a third economizer and a fourth economizer, the air preheater comprises a primary air preheater and a secondary air preheater, and the fourth flue is internally provided with the fourth economizer, the third economizer, the second economizer, the secondary air preheater, the primary air preheater and the first economizer in sequence according to the flue gas flow direction; the economizer and the air preheater are supported on the beam of the steel frame.

By adopting the technical scheme, the primary economizer is arranged behind the air preheater, so that the low-temperature corrosion of the air preheater can be effectively prevented.

Further, a connecting port of the high-temperature denitration device is arranged between the third economizer and the fourth economizer.

By adopting the technical scheme, a user can lead out the flue gas and then lead the flue gas into the fourth flue after processes such as denitration or dust removal, so that the environmental protection performance of the boiler can be improved, and the dust accumulation at the tail part can be reduced.

Further, a bypass flue is arranged on the fourth flue and positioned in front of the secondary air preheater.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the furnace is started or the low-parameter operation is performed, the flue gas bypasses the air preheater when flowing through the fourth flue, and passes through the bypass flue, so that the low-temperature corrosion of the air preheater can be prevented.

In the biomass industrial boiler, a plurality of air chambers are arranged below the reciprocating grate along the length direction of the grate, and each air chamber is provided with an air door.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up a plurality of air chambers along the grate length direction below reciprocating grate, divide into the different burning zone of transverse of fuel direction of a certain amount perpendicular to fuel direction of motion with the grate burning zone along the fuel direction of motion, every air chamber lower part corresponds an bellows, and the hot-blast subregion of preheating is sent into a plurality of different air chambers respectively simultaneously like this, and the aperture that opens on the membrane wall of the grate is sent into the furnace and is provided the air that the burning needs, makes the fuel on the grate can even burn. Each air chamber is provided with an air door, and the air door can independently supply air and independently adjust air quantity.

In the biomass industrial boiler, the front wall and the rear wall of the hearth are respectively provided with at least one path of secondary air branch pipe, and each path of secondary air branch pipe is provided with an air door which can independently adjust the air quantity; the secondary air branch pipe is connected with a secondary air main pipe, and the secondary air main pipe is connected with a secondary air preheater; the front wall and the rear wall of the hearth are provided with a plurality of secondary air spray pipes at the furnace arch, and the secondary air spray pipes are connected with secondary air branch pipes.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, furnace's front wall and back wall are located furnace arch department and are equipped with a plurality of overgrate air spray pipes, all are equipped with the air door on the overgrate air branch pipe of overgrate air spray pipe air feed to but the independent regulation amount of wind, so that a large amount of volatile in the burning fuel, also can further mix the air current simultaneously and guarantee fuel intensive mixing, complete combustion, improve combustion efficiency.

In the biomass industrial boiler, SNCR denitration nozzles are arranged on the front wall and the two side walls of the hearth.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, furnace's front wall and both sides wall are equipped with SNCR denitration spout, make things convenient for the SNCR denitration spray gun to insert, in the boiler operation process, can effectively reduce NOx emission.

Advantageous effects

1. Through the arrangement of multiple flue channels, the flue gas flow is prolonged, heat exchange is increased, meanwhile, the arrangement of the heating surfaces of the multi-stage superheaters is convenient, and the boiler efficiency is further improved; and is beneficial to timely removing ash in the convection heating area of the boiler, and ensures the long-term, efficient and safe operation of the boiler. The boiler body adopts a supporting mode that the lower part is supported on the steel frame, the structure is simple, the arrangement of the heating surface is compact, and the boiler body can be freely expanded upwards after being heated. The ash hoppers are arranged at the lower parts of the second flue and the third flue, in the running process of the boiler, accumulated ash adhered on each convection heating surface in the flue is blown down into the ash hoppers at the lower parts of the convection heating surfaces through the soot blowers, and the ash blown down by the soot blowers can be timely removed, so that the secondary accumulated ash of the heating surface of the next stage is avoided, and the problem of accumulated ash in the flue is effectively solved. The hearth, the second flue and the third flue are of a full-film water-cooled wall structure, so that the sealing performance is good, leakage is prevented, the safety is ensured, and the heat efficiency is high.

2. The evaporator is directly welded on the membrane type wall tube row, a wall penetrating hole is not required to be formed in the flue, and the sealing effect of the flue can be better ensured.

3. Each air chamber of the primary air is provided with an air door, and a secondary air branch pipe for supplying air to the secondary air spray pipe is also provided with an air door which can independently adjust the air quantity, so that the fire grate speed, the secondary air quantity and the proportion are flexibly adjusted, the combustion effect is good, and the pollutant discharge is low.

4. The primary economizer is arranged behind the air preheater, so that the low-temperature corrosion of the air preheater can be effectively prevented.

5. The front wall and the two side walls of the hearth are provided with SNCR denitration nozzles, so that the SNCR denitration spray gun is convenient to insert, and the NOx emission can be effectively reduced in the boiler operation process.

6. In the fourth flue, a connecting port of a high-temperature denitration device is arranged between the third economizer and the fourth economizer, so that flue gas can be led out, and the flue gas is led into the fourth flue after denitration, dust removal and other processes, so that the environmental protection performance of the boiler can be improved, and the dust accumulation at the tail part can be reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present utility model.

In the figure: 1 boiler drum, 2 downcomer, 3 front side membrane water wall, 4 left side membrane water wall, 5 right side membrane water wall, 6 back membrane water wall, 7 back two membrane water wall, 8 back three membrane water wall, 9 steam lead-out pipe, 10 lower header support, 11 evaporator, 12 saturated steam lead-out pipe, 13 primary superheater, 14 secondary superheater, 15 water spray desuperheater, 16 collector header, 17 economizer one, 18 economizer two, 19 economizer three, 20 economizer four, 21 primary air preheater, 22 secondary air preheater, 23 reciprocating grate, 24 radiant chamber ash hopper, 25 furnace top turning flue, 26 connection port of high temperature denitration device, 27 flue gas outlet, 28 primary air chamber, 29 secondary air nozzle, 30 water feed inlet pipe, 31 steel frame crossbeam, 32 second flue, 33 third flue, 34 fourth flue, 35 furnace, 36 water wall lower header, 37 bypass, 38 SNCR denitration nozzle.

Description of the embodiments

In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present utility model, the present utility model will be further described below by way of non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, a biomass industrial boiler comprises a furnace 35, a second flue 32, a third flue 33 and a fourth flue 34 which are sequentially connected with an outlet of the furnace 35, wherein the second flue 32, the third flue 33 and the fourth flue 34 are vertically arranged, an inlet of the second flue 32 is connected with the outlet of the furnace 35, the lower end of the second flue 32 and the lower end of the third flue 33 are communicated through a radiation chamber ash bucket 24, the upper ends of the third flue 33 and the fourth flue 34 are connected through a furnace top turning flue 25, and the furnace 35, the second flue 32, the third flue 33, the furnace top turning flue 25 and the fourth flue 34 are integrally arranged in an M shape;

The furnace 35, the second flue 32 and the third flue 33 are all membrane type water-cooled walls, and specifically, the furnace 35, the second flue 32 and the third flue 33 are formed by welding a front membrane type water-cooled wall 3, a left membrane type water-cooled wall 4, a right membrane type water-cooled wall 5, a rear membrane type water-cooled wall 6, a rear two membrane type water-cooled wall 7 and a rear three membrane type water-cooled wall 8. The boiler barrel 1 is arranged above the hearth 35, the boiler barrel 1 is supported on a steel frame or a foundation through the left and right down tubes 2 connected with the boiler barrel 1, the reciprocating grate 23 is arranged below the hearth 35, a plurality of primary air chambers 28 are arranged below the reciprocating grate 23 along the length direction of the grate, and each air chamber is provided with an air door, so that the air quantity can be independently regulated. The membrane water wall is supported on the steel frame through the water wall lower header 36, specifically, the steel frame is provided with the lower header support 10, and the membrane water wall is supported on the steel frame through the water wall lower header 36 and the lower header support 10.

The evaporator 11 and the superheater are arranged in the third flue 33, the superheater comprises a first-stage superheater 13 and a second-stage superheater 14, and the second-stage superheater 14, the first-stage superheater 13 and the evaporator 11 are sequentially arranged in the third flue 33 according to the flue gas flow direction; the evaporator 11 is connected to the membrane wall of the third flue 33, specifically, the evaporator 11 is directly welded to the membrane wall tube bank, and no through wall holes are required to be formed in the flue. A water spray attemperator 15 is arranged between the primary superheater 13 and the secondary superheater 14.

The fourth flue 34 is internally provided with an economizer and an air preheater, the economizer comprises a first economizer 17, a second economizer 18, a third economizer 19 and a fourth economizer 20, the air preheater comprises a primary air preheater 21 and a secondary air preheater 22, and the fourth flue 34 is internally provided with the fourth economizer 20, the third economizer 19, the second economizer 18, the secondary air preheater 22, the primary air preheater 21 and the first economizer 17 in sequence according to the flue gas flow direction; and a connecting port 26 of the high-temperature denitration device is arranged between the third economizer 19 and the fourth economizer 20. The economizer and air preheater are supported on the cross beam 31 of the steel frame.

In the embodiment, the evaporator, the superheater, the economizer and the air preheater are all arranged in a light pipe, a large pitch and a sequential manner, so that dust accumulation and corrosion are prevented, and an overhaul space is reserved between heating surfaces of all stages. Soot blowers are arranged on each stage of heating surface to prevent dust accumulation and corrosion, and the specific arrangement mode of the soot blowers is the prior art and is not repeated.

In this embodiment, a bypass flue 37 is provided on the fourth flue 34, before the overgrate air preheater 22.

In this embodiment, a plurality of secondary air nozzles 29 are arranged at the positions of the front wall and the rear wall (the front membrane water wall 3 and the rear membrane water wall 6) of the furnace chamber 35 at the furnace arch, specifically, the secondary air nozzles are connected with secondary air branch pipes, the secondary air branch pipes are connected with secondary air mother pipes, the secondary air mother pipes are connected with a secondary air preheater, and each secondary air branch pipe is provided with an air door capable of independently adjusting air quantity; in the embodiment, a front wall of the hearth is provided with one path of secondary air branch pipe, and a rear wall of the hearth is provided with two paths of secondary air branch pipes. The front wall and the two side walls of the furnace chamber 35 are provided with SNCR denitration nozzles 38.

The flue gas flow of the boiler is as follows:

The flue gas sequentially passes through a hearth 35 (formed by welding a front membrane water wall 3, a left membrane water wall 4, a right membrane water wall 5 and a rear membrane water wall 6), a second flue gas channel (formed by welding a left membrane water wall 4, a right membrane water wall 5, a rear membrane water wall 6 and a rear two membrane water wall 7), and a third flue gas channel (formed by welding a left membrane water wall 4, a right membrane water wall 5, a rear two membrane water wall 7 and a rear three membrane water wall 8), sequentially flushes a secondary superheater 14, a primary superheater 13 and an evaporator 11 in the third flue gas channel, enters a tail convection heating surface through a furnace top turning flue 25, sequentially passes through a four-economizer 20, a connecting port 26 of a high-temperature denitration device, a three-economizer 19, a two-economizer 18, a secondary air preheater 22, a primary air preheater 21 and a first-economizer 17, and is discharged from a flue gas outlet 27.

The steam-water flow of the boiler is as follows:

The water supply enters the first economizer 17, the second economizer 18, the third economizer 19 and the fourth economizer 20 from a water supply inlet for heat exchange, the steam-water mixture after heat exchange enters the boiler barrel 1 through the water supply lead-in pipe 30, then enters the front membrane water wall 3 through the descending pipe 2, the left membrane water wall 4, the right membrane water wall 5, the latter membrane water wall 6, the latter two membrane water walls 7, the latter three membrane water walls 8 and the steam-water mixture are led into the boiler barrel 1 again through the steam lead-out pipe 9, saturated steam in the boiler barrel 1 is led to the superheater through the saturated steam lead-out pipe 12, and is led to the steam collecting box 16 through the superheated steam lead-out pipe after heat exchange of the first-stage superheater 13, the water spray attemperator 15 and the second-stage superheater 14 in sequence, and then is conveyed to a user through the main steam pipe. In order to ensure the operation of the boiler, the boiler steam-water system is also provided with a system (not shown in the figure) for pollution discharge, drainage, dosing, sampling and the like.

In describing the present utility model, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "left", "right", "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

Unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "coupled" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be mechanically coupled, directly coupled, or indirectly coupled via an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Other than the technical features described in the specification, all are known to those skilled in the art.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only for understanding the present utility model and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present utility model, and a person skilled in the relevant art may make various changes or modifications based on the technical solutions described in the claims, and all equivalent changes or modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a living beings industrial boiler, includes furnace, with the export of furnace second flue, third flue, the fourth flue that link to each other in proper order, its characterized in that: the second flue, the third flue and the fourth flue are all vertically arranged, an inlet of the second flue is connected with an outlet of the hearth, the lower end parts of the second vertical flue and the third vertical flue are communicated through a radiation chamber ash bucket, the upper ends of the third flue and the fourth flue are connected through a furnace top turning flue, and the hearth, the second flue, the third flue, the furnace top turning flue and the fourth flue are integrally arranged in an M shape;

2. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 1, wherein: the superheater comprises a first-stage superheater and a second-stage superheater, and the second-stage superheater, the first-stage superheater and the evaporator are sequentially arranged in the third flue according to the flue gas flow direction; the evaporator and the superheater are connected with a membrane water-cooled wall of the third flue, a lower header support is arranged on the steel frame, and the membrane water-cooled wall is supported on the steel frame through the lower header of the water-cooled wall and the lower header support.

3. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 2, wherein: and a water spraying attemperator is arranged between the primary superheater and the secondary superheater.

4. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 1, wherein: the economizer comprises a first economizer, a second economizer, a third economizer and a fourth economizer, the air preheater comprises a primary air preheater and a secondary air preheater, and the fourth flue is internally provided with the fourth economizer, the third economizer, the second economizer, the secondary air preheater, the primary air preheater and the first economizer in sequence according to the flue gas flow direction; the economizer and the air preheater are supported on the beam of the steel frame.

5. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 4, wherein: and a connecting port of the high-temperature denitration device is arranged between the third economizer and the fourth economizer.

6. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 4, wherein: and a bypass flue is arranged on the fourth flue and positioned in front of the secondary air-air preheater.

7. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of air chambers are arranged below the reciprocating grate along the length direction of the grate, and each air chamber is provided with an air door.

8. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 1, wherein: at least one path of secondary air branch pipes are arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the hearth, and each path of secondary air branch pipe is provided with an air door which can independently adjust the air quantity; the secondary air branch pipe is connected with a secondary air main pipe, and the secondary air main pipe is connected with a secondary air preheater; the front wall and the rear wall of the hearth are provided with a plurality of secondary air spray pipes at the furnace arch, and the secondary air spray pipes are connected with secondary air branch pipes.

9. A biomass industrial boiler according to claim 1, wherein: and SNCR denitration nozzles are arranged on the front wall and the two side walls of the hearth.