CN221918794U - A vibration-damping fastener system that is easy to install quickly - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vibration-damping fastener system that is easy to install quickly, including a plastic sleeve pre-buried in a sleeper, and an insulating buffer plate laid on the sleeper, on which an elastic pad, an iron pad and a rail pad are sequentially arranged, a rail is placed on the rail pad, an insulating gauge block is arranged in the gap between the rail foot and the iron pad, the iron pad, the elastic pad and the insulating buffer pad are fastened above the sleeper by bolts and buckling blocks, and the rail is fastened to the iron pad by a fast spring clip. The utility model can realize the rapid installation and removal of the spring clip through the spring clip installation tool; the use of a high-rigidity rail pad can prevent damage caused by uneven load; the use of a low-rigidity elastic pad can evenly distribute the load through the iron pad, and optimize the stress state of the elastic pad; the utility model also optimizes the anti-lateral load capacity of the fastener system, and takes into account the gauge adjustment and height adjustment capabilities of the fastener system.

Description

A vibration-damping fastener system that is easy to install quickly

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a vibration-damping fastener system which is convenient for quick installation.

Background Art

The fastener system is an important component of railway track transportation. Its main function is to fix the rails, provide a certain amount of fastening pressure and longitudinal resistance, prevent the displacement and overturning of the rails, and provide necessary elasticity and insulation performance. At present, the bolt-type spring clip fasteners commonly used by the national railways produce fastening pressure by pre-tightening bolts or nuts to deform the spring clips. This installation method will undoubtedly increase the installation and maintenance costs of the line, reduce work efficiency, and cause a lot of waste of manpower and financial resources. Although spring clip type IV fasteners can be installed quickly, due to the fixation of the embedded iron seat, the fasteners cannot adjust the height of the rails. In addition, the rail pads adopt the under-rail vibration reduction method. When they are in long-term service, they will be subjected to repeated loads and material aging, and the elasticity will decay, which will cause the fastening pressure to decrease and the longitudinal resistance to decrease, posing a great safety hazard to the track system.

Some scholars have conducted research on the fast installation fastener system. For example, patents CN 205443809U and CN105714623B involve a spring clip fastener system for fast ballastless track, both of which use the rail pad vibration reduction method. Ballastless tracks usually require lower fastener stiffness. When the static stiffness of the rail pad is low, the rail is affected by the impact load of the train, and there is an outward turning moment on the rail. The local deformation of the pad under the rail foot on the outside of the rail increases. Under long-term repeated loads, it is very easy to cause fatigue failure and crushing of the rail pad at this location. While generating the turning moment, the pressure of the spring clip on the outside of the rail decreases, while the pressure of the spring clip on the inside increases, which will greatly affect the stability and safety performance of the fastener. For example, patent CN217948617U adopts a double-layer vibration reduction method of under-rail vibration reduction and under-iron pad vibration reduction, which can avoid the risk of crushing of the under-rail pad to a certain extent. However, the design of the double-layer iron pad increases the cost of fasteners and reduces the efficiency of installation and maintenance. The base height of the fastener system is too high, resulting in limited height adjustment capability of the rails, and the fastener cannot perform lateral track gauge adjustment.

Utility Model Content

In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the utility model proposes a vibration-damping fastener system that is easy to install quickly.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: a vibration-damping fastener system that is easy to install quickly, including a plastic sleeve pre-buried in the sleeper, and an insulating buffer pad laid on the sleeper, an elastic pad, an iron pad and a rail pad are arranged in sequence on the insulating buffer pad, a steel rail is placed on the rail pad, an insulating gauge block is arranged in the gap between the rail foot and the iron pad, the iron pad, the elastic pad and the insulating buffer pad are fastened above the sleeper by bolts and buckling blocks, and the steel rail is fastened to the iron pad by fast spring bars.

Compared with the prior art, the positive effects of the utility model are:

The utility model adopts fast spring clips, and the spring clip installation tool can realize the rapid installation and removal of the spring clips; adopts high-rigidity rail pads to prevent the rail pads from being damaged by uneven loads; adopts low-rigidity elastic pads under iron pads, and evenly distributes the load through the iron pads to optimize the stress state of the elastic pads. In addition, the utility model optimizes the lateral load resistance of the fastener system by designing the structure of the buckling block and the insulating buffer pad, and takes into account the track gauge adjustment and height adjustment capabilities of the fastener system. The specific advantages are as follows:

(1) This fastener is a vibration-damping fastener that can be quickly installed. The spring bar can be quickly installed and fixed on the iron pad, and it is easy to install and disassemble. The elastic pad under the iron pad plays a vibration-damping role. Compared with the double-layer nonlinear vibration-damping fastener, the structure is simpler. This fastener has fewer parts, is simpler to install, has low production costs, and is less difficult to maintain in the later stage.

(2) The fastener vibration reduction method adopts elastic compression vibration reduction under the iron pad. The elastic pad under the iron pad is located between the iron pad and the insulating buffer pad and acts as a flexible connection. By designing the surface structure of the elastic pad (adding grooves or bosses), the nonlinear vibration reduction function can be achieved. The specific design is customized according to the line requirements. A high-rigidity rail pad is set on the iron pad. The elastic range of the spring clip basically does not change during the train running, the buckling pressure is stable, and the fatigue performance is good, which can greatly improve the fatigue life of the spring clip.

(3) The clamping block is fixed on the insulating buffer plate and the sleeper by the pre-tightening force of the bolts. A wedge-shaped washer can be used to prevent the bolts from loosening. The bottom step of the clamping block cooperates with the protrusion of the insulating buffer plate to greatly reduce the lateral load on the bolts and avoid damage to the bolts due to excessive shear stress. The mesh structure on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating buffer plate can also increase the friction between the sleeper bearing surface and the lower iron pad, balancing part of the lateral load.

(4) The track gauge can be adjusted by replacing the model of the insulating gauge block. Theoretically, this fastener can achieve a track gauge adjustment of at least -12mm to +12mm, with a gauge adjustment range of 1mm. The height of the rail can be adjusted by adding a height adjustment pad under the insulating buffer pad. Theoretically, this fastener can achieve a height adjustment of at least -4mm to +20mm, with a gauge adjustment range of 1mm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG1 is a front cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vibration-damping fastener system that can be quickly installed according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic top view of a vibration-damping fastener system that can be quickly installed according to the present invention;

FIG3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a vibration-damping fastener system that can be quickly installed according to the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fast spring clip 8;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the insulating cap 9;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the insulating gauge block 10;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the buckling block 5;

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rail pad 11;

FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the iron backing plate 4;

FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad;

FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the insulating buffer plate 2;

The reference numerals in the figure include: plastic sleeve 1, insulating buffer pad 2 (circular hole 201, boss 202), elastic pad 3 under iron pad (hole 301), iron pad 4 (upper surface 401, end face 402, edge 403, ramp 404, hole 405, step 406), buckling block 5 (boss 501, hole 502, step 503), spring washer 6, bolt 7, fast spring bar 8 (groove 801, toe end 802, middle limb 803), insulating cap 9 (cavity 901, boss 902, slope 903), insulating gauge block 10 (concave surface 1001, slope 1002), rail pad 11 (plane 1101, boss 1102), and rail 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to Figures 1-11, a vibration-damping fastener system that can be quickly installed is shown in the utility model. A plastic sleeve 1 is preset in the sleeper, and the insulating buffer pad 2 is directly laid on the sleeper to ensure that the circular hole 201 of the insulating buffer pad 2 is consistent with the axis of the plastic sleeve 1. The elastic pad 3 under the iron pad is placed on the insulating buffer pad 2, and the outer contour dimensions of the two are the same, so that the edge contours of the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad and the insulating buffer pad 2 are basically overlapped. The iron pad 4 is directly placed on the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad, and the outer contour dimensions of the two are the same, so that the edge contours of the iron pad 4 and the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad are basically overlapped. The rail pad 11 is directly placed on the upper surface 401 of the iron pad 4, with the plane 1101 facing upward, and the bosses 1102 on the rail pad 11 buckle the two end faces of the iron pad 4 to prevent the rail pad 11 from moving longitudinally along the rail. The rail 12 is placed on the rail pad 11, and the positions of the rail 12 and the rail pad 11 are adjusted so that the two are aligned relative to the iron pad 4. The insulating gauge block 10 is placed in the gap between the rail foot of the rail 12 and the iron pad, so that the concave surface 1001 on the insulating gauge block 10 fits tightly with the end surface 402 of the iron pad 4. The buckling block 5 is passed through the hole 405 on the iron pad 4, the hole 301 on the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad, and the circular hole 201 on the insulating buffer pad 2 in sequence, so that the boss 501 of the buckling block 5 is buckled on the step 406 of the iron pad 4, ensuring that the axis of the hole 502 of the buckling block 5 is consistent with the axis of the sleeve 1, and the bottom step 503 of the buckling block 5 is embedded in the boss 202 of the insulating buffer pad 2. The spring washer 6 is placed on the buckling block 5, and the tightening bolt 7 is screwed in to fasten the iron pad and the lower parts above the sleeper.

Insert the middle limb 803 of the fast spring clip 8 into the cavity 901 of the insulating cap 9. The insulating cap 9 is provided with a boss 902 to constrain the fast spring clip 8 and prevent it from loosening and falling out. After the two are combined, the toe end 802 of the fast spring clip 8 is inserted into the ramp 404 of the iron pad 4. The middle limb end of the fast spring clip 8 is pulled onto the foot of the rail 12 by the spring clip installation tool, so that the groove 801 of the fast spring clip 8 is stuck at the edge 403 of the iron pad 4, which plays a limiting role. The fast spring clip 8 generates buckling pressure due to bending and torsional deformation, and the rail 12 is tightly buckled on the iron pad 4.

The insulating gauge block 10 is provided with a slope 1002. When the fast spring clip 8 is installed, it can cooperate with the slope 903 of the insulating cap 9 so that the middle limb of the spring clip can be smoothly pulled to the foot of the rail. The concave surface 1001 on the insulating gauge block 10 is embedded with the end surface 402 of the iron pad 4 during assembly, which can prevent the insulating gauge block 10 from moving longitudinally along the rail. By replacing insulating gauge blocks 10 of different models (different thicknesses), the gauge of the rail can be adjusted. Theoretically, this structure can achieve a gauge adjustment range of at least -12mm to +12mm, with a gauge adjustment range of 1mm.

The inclined path 404 of the iron pad 4 is inclined downward to match the structure of the fast spring clip 8, so that most of the spring clip toes can be manually inserted during pre-installation. Later, the spring clip installation tool can be used to pull the middle limb of the spring clip onto the rail. The end of the inclined path 404 is closed, which can limit the spring clip in the lateral direction to prevent the spring clip from being pulled in too far and causing over-installation, and excessive deformation stress, which leads to weakened fatigue performance of the fastener.

The vertical height of the buckling block 5 is slightly less than the sum of the heights of the iron pad 4 and the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad. When the bolts are screwed in and tightened, the buckling block 5 is firmly fixed on the insulating buffer pad 2, and the boss 501 of the buckling block 5 is buckled on the step 406 of the iron pad 4, so that the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad is slightly deformed, which serves the purpose of pre-tightening. When the train is running, the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad is compressed and deformed under the vertical load, and the boss 501 is separated from the step 406.

The elastic pad 3 under the iron pad is set to low static stiffness, and the surface of the elastic pad 3 can be provided with grooves or boss structures according to the line conditions to meet the requirements of different linear or nonlinear stiffness values and achieve the purpose of line vibration reduction. The rail pad 11 is set to high static stiffness, the main purpose is to ensure the elastic range of the spring bar, support the rail, and play an insulating role. The large-area contact between the iron pad 4 and the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad can evenly distribute the load, and prevent the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad from overturning the rail due to excessive deformation of the local area.

Strip structures are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic pad 3 under the iron pad to increase the friction between the rail sleeper bearing surface and the elastic pad, which can balance part of the lateral load. At the same time, a step 503 is arranged at the bottom of the buckling block 5 to fit with the boss 202 on the insulating buffer pad 2, which can also offset part of the lateral load and prevent the bolts from being damaged by excessive shear stress.

Claims (9)

1. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation, comprising: the steel rail is placed on the rail lower base plate, an insulating track gauge block is arranged in a gap between a steel rail foot and the iron base plate, the elastic base plate and the insulating buffer base plate are fastened above the sleeper through bolts and the buckling blocks, and the steel rail is buckled on the iron base plate by using a quick elastic strip.

2. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 1, wherein: a boss is arranged on one downward surface of the rail lower backing plate and used for buckling two end surfaces of the iron backing plate.

3. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 1, wherein: and a slope which is convenient for pulling the middle limb of the spring strip to the rail foot of the steel rail is arranged in the middle of the insulating gauge block.

4. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 3, wherein: concave surfaces are formed at two ends of the slope of the insulating gauge block and are matched and tightly adhered to the end surfaces of the iron backing plates embedded in the concave surfaces, so that the insulating gauge block is prevented from moving longitudinally along the steel rail.

5. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 1, wherein: the buckling block is provided with a boss for buckling and pressing on the step of the iron backing plate.

6. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the buckling block is provided with a step which is used for being embedded into a boss of the insulating buffer backing plate.

7. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rail lower base plate is a high-rigidity rail lower base plate, and the elastic base plate is a low-rigidity elastic base plate.

8. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 1, wherein: the insulating cap is worn on the middle limb of the quick elastic strip, the toe end of the quick elastic strip is inserted into the inclined channel of the iron base plate, the middle limb end of the quick elastic strip is buckled and pressed on the rail foot of the steel rail, and the groove at the toe end of the quick elastic strip is clamped at the edge of the iron base plate.

9. A vibration damping fastener system for facilitating quick installation as defined in claim 8, wherein: a boss for preventing the middle limb of the quick spring strip from loosening and falling out is arranged in the cavity of the insulating cap.