CN221380638U - DC motor without commutator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a direct current motor without a commutator, which comprises: stator armature winding, rotor ring and planetary gear mechanism; the rotor ring comprises a rotor magnet and a rotor iron core, wherein the rotor magnet consists of an inner magnet and an outer magnet, the rotor iron core is arranged between the inner magnet and the outer magnet, and the magnetizing direction of the rotor magnet is radial magnetizing; the planetary gear mechanism comprises a sun gear, a planetary gear and a power output shaft fixed in the axial direction of the sun gear, the power output shaft is connected with an external mechanism, and the current direction of electrifying in the stator armature winding is along the axial direction of the power output shaft. When the armature winding is electrified axially, the rotor ring where the rotor magnet is located always rotates in one direction; the rotor ring is meshed with the planetary gear mechanism through the gear ring for transmission, power can be directly transmitted to the outside, as long as the current direction and the current size are not changed, the rotating direction and the rotating speed of the rotor ring are unchanged all the time, and the planetary gear mechanism has the advantages of stable torque output, high rotating speed and high reliability, and does not need periodic current reversing.

Description

DC motor without commutator

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of direct current motors, in particular to a direct current motor without a commutator.

Background

At present, the structure of the direct current motor has been developed in a diversified way, but the direct current motor generally comprises two main types, namely a brush motor and a brushless motor. The traditional brush direct current motor consists of a motor body and a commutator, current in a rotor winding changes along with the relative position of a rotor and a stator in the operation process, and the direct current motor has the characteristics of good speed regulation performance, stable torque and the like, but electric sparks inevitably exist in the commutation process of a rotor armature winding due to the existence of the commutator, so that electromagnetic interference is generated to the outside; in addition, the brush of the commutator is made of a multi-purpose graphite material, so that abrasion is inevitably generated after long-term operation, and the maintenance flow of the motor is increased. The brushless direct current motor uses electronic commutation, a mechanical commutator is omitted, but the current in the armature winding of the stator is still required to be changed in real time by detecting the phase of the rotor through an electronic element, so that the motor can continuously run; in the application process of the brushless direct current motor, the current of the motor is unstable in the reversing process due to the continuous reversing of the stator winding, so that the output torque of the motor is unstable, and the problems of high motor noise and the like occur; in addition, the brushless dc motor system requires a rotor position sensor and an expensive electronic converter (called a controller), which increases the cost of the motor.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model provides a direct current motor without a commutator, which ensures that the current of an armature winding of the motor does not need to be commutated, and avoids unstable torque output.

A dc motor without a commutator, comprising: the planetary gear mechanism is in transmission connection with the rotor ring;

The rotor ring comprises a rotor magnet and a rotor iron core, wherein the rotor magnet consists of an inner magnet and an outer magnet, the rotor iron core is arranged between the inner magnet and the outer magnet, and the magnetizing direction of the rotor magnet is radial magnetizing;

The planetary gear mechanism comprises a sun gear, a planetary gear and a power output shaft fixed in the axial direction of the sun gear, the planetary gear is meshed with an outer gear ring of the sun gear, and the power output shaft is connected with an external mechanism;

The stator armature winding comprises at least three groups and is arranged on the outer side of the rotor ring at equal intervals, and the current direction of the energizing in the stator armature winding is along the axial direction of the power output shaft.

Further, the stator armature winding is fixedly arranged on the front end cover and the rear end cover through the coil frame, and the front end cover and the rear end cover are connected into a whole through the motor casing.

Further, a gear ring is arranged on the inner side of the rotor core, and the gear ring is meshed with the planet gears.

Further, the opposite sides of the inner magnet and the outer magnet are all the same magnetic field polarity.

Further, the front end cover and the rear end cover are respectively provided with a bearing, and the power output shaft is sleeved on the bearings.

Further, the rotor magnet is a permanent magnet.

Further, the sun gear and the power output shaft are assembled in an interference mode.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects: according to the direct current motor, the annular rotor magnet is arranged, the magnetic poles of the rotor magnet are distributed along the radial direction, meanwhile, a plurality of groups of armature windings are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the rotor magnet, and when the armature windings are electrified axially, the rotor ring where the rotor magnet is located always rotates circumferentially in one direction; the inner side of the rotor ring is meshed with the planetary gear mechanism through the gear ring for transmission, power can be directly transmitted to the outside, as long as the direction and the size of the armature current of the stator are not changed, the rotating direction and the rotating speed of the rotor ring are invariable all the time, the rotor ring has the advantages of stable torque output, high rotating speed and high reliability, and the periodic reversing of the current is not needed, and the winding utilization rate is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a radial structure of a DC motor according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is an axial cut-away schematic view of A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of radial magnetic field distribution of a DC motor according to the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the rotor ring force of the DC motor of the present utility model;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a pole distribution of a rotor magnet according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

In the figure: 1-stator armature windings; 2-rotor magnets; 3-rotor core; 4-coil frames; 5-a rear end cover; 6-bearing; 7-a power output shaft; 8-a sun gear; 9-planet wheels; 10-a front end cover; 11-a gear ring; 12-motor housing.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of the present utility model are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present utility model provides a dc motor without a commutator, comprising: the stator armature winding 1, a rotor ring, a rear end cover 5, a front end cover 10, a motor casing 12 and a planetary gear mechanism.

The stator armature winding 1 is a coil group formed by winding wires such as copper wires, passes through the front end cover 10 and the rear end cover 5 to form a tightly wound solenoid, and is fixedly arranged on the front end cover 10, the rear end cover 5 and the motor casing 12 in a limiting manner through the coil frame 4. The number of the stator armature windings 1 is at least three, three groups are arranged in the embodiment, the included angles of the three groups of stator armature windings 1 at the circle center are 120 degrees, the three groups of stator armature windings 1 can be connected in series or in parallel, and the current direction of the conducting wires in the stator armature windings 1 is along the axial direction of the rotor ring. The active sides of the stator armature winding 1 after being energized are located inside and outside the rotor ring, respectively.

The front end cover 10 and the rear end cover 5 are connected into a whole through the motor casing 12, and the connection mode adopts screw connection.

Rotor rings are arranged at intervals on the outer side of the stator armature winding 1, each rotor ring comprises a rotor magnet 2 and a rotor iron core 3, and each rotor magnet 2 is made of an inner permanent magnet and an outer permanent magnet which are concentric and have different diameters; the rotor core 3 is inserted between the inner magnet and the outer magnet for enhancing magnetic flux, and the rotor core 3 is also in a complete circular tube structure.

The magnetizing directions of the inner magnet and the outer magnet are radial magnetizing, and the magnetic field direction is radial; as shown in fig. 5, the opposite sides of the inner magnet and the outer magnet are both of the same magnetic field polarity, that is, if the outer side of the outer magnet is N-pole, the inner side of the inner magnet is N-pole, and if the outer side of the outer magnet is S-pole, the inner side of the inner magnet is S-pole.

The inner side of the rotor magnet 2 is provided with a gear ring 11, the outer side of the gear ring 11 is fixed on the rotor iron core 3, the inner side is provided with a circle of tooth grooves, and the gear ring 11 is meshed with the planetary gear mechanism through the tooth grooves for transmission.

The planetary gear mechanism comprises a sun gear 8, three planetary gears 9 and a power output shaft 7 fixed on the axial direction of the sun gear 8, wherein the three planetary gears 9 are simultaneously meshed with the sun gear 8 and a gear ring 11, when the gear ring 11 rotates along with a rotor ring to drive the planetary gears 9 to rotate, the planetary gears 9 rotate to drive the sun gear 8 to rotate, and finally the power output shaft 7 is driven to rotate, so that power is transmitted to the outside of the motor.

The sun gear 8 and the power output shaft 7 are assembled in an interference mode, namely are fastened and inserted, so that relative rotation is avoided, and stability and reliability of power transmission are guaranteed.

The parts of the power output shaft 7 passing through the front end cover 10 and the rear end cover 5 and contacting with the front end cover 5 are respectively provided with a bearing 6, and the bearings 6 are sleeved on the power output shaft 7 so as to ensure that the friction of the power output shaft 7 is minimum in the rotation process.

The gear ring 11, the planet gears 9 and the sun gear 8 have the function of positioning a rotor ring besides transmitting power, and ensure that the rotor ring and the power output shaft 7 are always coaxially arranged.

According to the stress analysis of the electrified wire in the magnetic field, the following steps are shown: the magnetic field direction is radial magnetic field, the stator armature winding 1 is used as a conducting wire, the current direction is axial, and then the stress direction of the stator armature winding 1 is tangential direction along the rotor ring; because the stator armature winding 1 is fixed on the front end cover 10 and the rear end cover 5 and cannot rotate, according to the interaction principle of force, the rotor ring is also subjected to acting force with the same size and opposite direction as the stator armature winding 1, so that the rotor ring is pushed to rotate along the circumferential tangential direction of the rotor ring, the stress direction of the rotor ring is shown in fig. 4 (i shows current, B shows magnetic field and F shows stress), and according to the magnetic field and the current direction shown in the figure, the stress direction of the rotor ring is as follows: the upper side is outward perpendicular to the paper surface, and the lower side is inward perpendicular to the paper surface.

The working principle of the direct current motor is as follows:

the stator armature winding 1 is sleeved outside the rotor ring through the coil frame 4, a gap is reserved between the coil frame 4 and the rotor ring, when the stator armature winding 1 is electrified with direct current, the effective edge of the stator armature winding 1 and the magnetic field generated by the rotor ring form the action of force, the rotor ring rotates, power is transmitted to the sun wheel 8 through the three planetary gears 9 by the gear ring 11 embedded on the inner side of the rotor ring, the sun wheel 8 and the power output shaft 7 are arranged together, so that the power output shaft 7 is driven to rotate, and the power is transmitted to the outside of the motor.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the utility model, which is not representative of all possible forms of the utility model, and the scope of the utility model is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Various other modifications and improvements can be made in light of the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A dc motor without a commutator, comprising: the rotor ring is in transmission connection with the stator armature winding (1);

The rotor ring comprises a rotor magnet (2) and a rotor iron core (3), wherein the rotor magnet (2) is composed of an inner magnet and an outer magnet, the rotor iron core (3) is arranged between the inner magnet and the outer magnet, and the magnetizing direction of the rotor magnet (2) is radial magnetizing;

The planetary gear mechanism comprises a sun gear (8), a planetary gear (9) and a power output shaft (7) fixed on the axial direction of the sun gear (8), the planetary gear (9) is meshed with an outer gear ring of the sun gear (8), and the power output shaft (7) is connected with an external mechanism;

The stator armature winding (1) comprises at least three groups and is arranged on the outer side of the rotor ring at equal intervals, and the current direction of the energizing in the stator armature winding (1) is along the axial direction of the power output shaft (7).

2. The commutatorless dc motor as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the stator armature winding (1) is fixedly arranged on the front end cover (10) and the rear end cover (5) through the coil frame (4), and the front end cover (10) and the rear end cover (5) are connected into a whole through the motor casing (12).

3. The commutatorless dc motor as set forth in claim 1, wherein: a gear ring (11) is arranged on the inner side of the rotor core (3), and the gear ring (11) is meshed with the planet gears (9).

4. The commutatorless dc motor as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the opposite sides of the inner magnet and the outer magnet are the same magnetic field polarity.

5. The commutatorless dc motor as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the front end cover (10) and the rear end cover (5) are respectively provided with a bearing (6), and the power output shaft (7) is sleeved on the bearings (6).

6. The commutatorless dc motor as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the rotor magnet (2) is a permanent magnet.

7. A dc motor without a commutator as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the sun gear (8) and the power output shaft (7) are assembled in an interference mode.