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CN220667658U - 热废气能量回收系统 - Google Patents

热废气能量回收系统 Download PDF

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CN220667658U
CN220667658U CN202322265586.1U CN202322265586U CN220667658U CN 220667658 U CN220667658 U CN 220667658U CN 202322265586 U CN202322265586 U CN 202322265586U CN 220667658 U CN220667658 U CN 220667658U
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hydraulic
exhaust gas
constant
hydraulic motor
turbine
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桑德罗·马尔基尼
布莱恩·雷·布鲁尔
罗伯特·詹姆斯·麦金农
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Enriana Energy Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
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    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005—Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
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    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/08—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of non-mechanically driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/60—Application making use of surplus or waste energy
    • F05D2220/62—Application making use of surplus or waste energy with energy recovery turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05D2260/402—Transmission of power through friction drives
    • F05D2260/4021—Transmission of power through friction drives through belt drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05D2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
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Abstract

本实用新型是一种热废气能量回收系统，其适用小于10MW的小型发电机组件中的废气回收能量，连接在小型发电机组，并包括有涡轮机、液压泵、液压蓄能器、恒速液压马达，涡轮机一端连接到小型发电机组中的废气出口，并且所述涡轮机的另一端连接到液压泵，所述液压泵连接至液压蓄能器，所述液压泵可用于产生压力，并将压力传输至所述的液压蓄能器；所述液压蓄能器另一端连接于恒速液压马达，所述液压蓄能器用于将压力下的液压流体发送至所述恒速液压马达；所述恒速液压马达的一端连接回小型发电机组。本实用新型集中于从热废气中回收能量，可广泛用于工业发电机组件中的系统。

Description

热废气能量回收系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及从热废气回收能量的领域，具体为一种广泛用于工业发电机组件中以产生工业过程中使用的蒸汽或用于冷却易腐烂物品或用于房间制冷的热废气能量回收系统。
背景技术
传统的涡轮增压器使用发动机的排气动力来驱动涡轮增压器的排气涡轮，该涡轮增压器的排气涡轮为空气压缩机提供动力，该空气压缩机向发动机提供高压燃烧空气。
对于现代的机动车辆来说，需要更高的发动机比功率、更低的油耗和更低的废气排放。这些都是通过较小的高速发动机来满足的，这些发动机需要在较宽的发动机速度范围内实现高推力。
现代的高速发动机的需求，是在低发动机转速范围内提供更大的发动机扭矩，以提高车辆加速度。这通常会导致发动机转速较高时，发动机排气能量过剩。为了避免涡轮增压器超速和超压，现有技术中找到的解决排放废气的方案，通常都代表了燃料的浪费。在小型发动机中，以废气流形式排出的能量浪费估计高达20％。
在现有技术中发现了一些使用废气的解决方案。例如，文献US7640643公开了一种应用于负载管理压缩空气能量存储(CAES)工厂中的联合循环(CC)发电厂的系统。该CC发电厂包括至少一个燃气轮机、从相关联的燃气轮机接收废热的热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)、与HRSG相关联的蒸汽轮机、以及与涡轮机蒸汽相关联的发电机。储气罐储存压缩空气。至少一台压缩机向储气罐提供压缩空气，从而可以将非高峰能量转换成储存在储气罐中的压缩空气能量。来自储气罐的压缩空气由HRSG接收，并且HRSG向从储气罐接收的压缩空气提供热量。燃气轮机从HRSG吸入加热的压缩空气，并使加热的压缩空气膨胀以产生动力。
另一方面，文献CN110953763公开了一种燃气热电联产系统及其控制方法。燃气热电联产系统包括第一压缩机、高温锅炉、第二压缩机、物料储存室、燃气发动机、燃气轮机装置、发电机、高温余热回收装置、低温余热回收装置、余热锅炉、空气预热器。文献中的燃气热电联产系统及其控制方法，通过高温锅炉、燃气发动机、燃气轮机装置、发电机、高温余热回收装置综合实现燃气热电联产的功能。低温余热回收装置、余热锅炉和空气预热器，实现电能和热能的综合回收，提高系统的能量转换效率。
本实用新型集中于从热废气中回收能量，这是一种广泛用于工业发电机组件中的系统，以产生工业过程中使用的蒸汽或用于冷却易腐烂物品或冷却小型工厂中的环境的冷蒸汽。在由大型发电机组组成的大型发电厂中，废气必须与能量回收锅炉结合，才能产生足够的能量来驱动蒸汽轮机。然而，这种类型的系统仅在由许多大型发电机组件组成的工厂中才具有经济可行性，到目前为止，在小于10MW的小型发电机组件中从废气中回收能量从来都是不可行的。
实用新型内容
如上所述，由于现行的大型发电机组件在通过回收废气来驱动蒸汽轮机是不具有经济可行性，因此，本实用新型有鉴于现有的缺失及不足，特经过不断的研究与试验，终于发展出一种热废气能量回收系统，其包括有
涡轮机，其一端连接到小型发电机组中的废气出口，并且所述涡轮机的另一端连接到液压泵；
所述液压泵连接至液压蓄能器，所述液压泵可用于产生压力，并将压力传输至所述的液压蓄能器；
所述液压蓄能器另一端连接于恒速液压马达，所述液压蓄能器用于将压力下的液压流体发送至所述恒速液压马达；
所述恒速液压马达的一端连接回小型发电机组。
优选的是，所述的热废气能量回收系统，其所述液压泵进一步连接流体箱，所述流体箱用于作无压蓄积池，向涡轮机提供压力或向液压泵维持液压循环。
优选的是，所述的热废气能量回收系统，其所述的恒速液压马达与小型发电机组通过齿轮系统、离合器系统或变矩器连接。
优选的是，所述的热废气能量回收系统，其所述的恒速液压马达一端连接有皮带轮，所述的小型发电机组进一步具有交流发电机轴，在交流发电机轴进一步设置有皮带轮，所述的皮带轮与皮带轮相连接。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型的系统连接示意图。
具体实施方式
以下配合图式及本实用新型的较佳实施例，进一步阐述本实用新型为达成预定实用新型目的所采取的技术手段。
从经济角度来说，根据本实用新型的系统对于具有较小发电机组件的工厂是可行的。
根据本实用新型的系统由以下基本组件组成：
1.废气出口处的涡轮机
2.产生压力并将其向前传递的液压泵
3.液压蓄能器，可以将从液压泵传送来的压力油输送至恒速液压马达
4.恒速液压马达，可以用来驱动皮带轮
5.发电机组件，其包括有交流发电机轴，在交流发电机轴上安装设置了另一个皮带轮，并可以与恒速液压马达的皮带轮相连接，从而增加了系统产生的机械功率，并随后增加了发电机组件产生的总电力。
除了皮带轮之外，还可以通过齿轮/离合器系统或通过变矩器来完成运动。
参照图1所示，本实用新型具体来说，是一种热废气能量回收系统，其包括有
涡轮机1，其一端连接到小型发电机组3中的废气出口2，并且所述涡轮机1的另一端连接到液压泵4；
所述液压泵4连接至液压蓄能器5，所述液压泵4可用于产生压力，并将压力传输至所述的液压蓄能器5；
所述液压蓄能器5另一端连接于恒速液压马达6，所述液压蓄能器5用于将压力下的液压流体发送至所述恒速液压马达6，
所述恒速液压马达6的一端连接回小型发电机组3。
在本实用新型的系统中，液压泵排出的低压液压油由流体箱10排出，流体箱10作为无压蓄油池，其作用向涡轮机1提供压力或向液压泵4维持液压循环。
根据本实用新型的系统，可以使用相同量的燃料将发电机组件产生的总电力增加5-10％，这对于小型的发电厂来说是显著的收益。
参照图1描述本实用新型的第一优选实施例，其中涡轮机1连接到小型发电机组3另一端的废气出口2。小型发电机组3包括有内燃机31及连接于内燃机的交流发电机32，在交流发电机32具有交流发电机轴9。
所述涡轮机1的另一端连接至液压泵4，当小型发电机组3产生的废气能通过所述涡轮机1进行加压后，并传输到液压泵4，使液压泵4产生压力，随后液压泵4将所产生的压力传输至液压蓄能器5，液压蓄能器5又将压力下的液压流体发送至恒速液压马达6，恒速液压马达6的一端连接有流体箱10，从液压泵4排出并进入到恒速液压马达6的低压液压流体会由流体箱10排出，流体箱10用作无压蓄积池，其功能是向涡轮机1供给液体，或者向液压泵4维持液压循环。
恒速液压马达6的另一端连接有第一皮带轮7，且恒速液压马达6能够带动第一皮带轮7作动。
在发电机组件3的交流发电机轴9设置有上的另一个第二皮带轮8，恒速液压马达6的第一皮带轮7与交流发电机轴9的第二皮带轮8相连接。通过前述的连接关系，当涡轮机1接收到小型发电机组3所产生的废气时，产生的机械功率增加，并且随后连带的作动关系，也能使小型发电机组3产生的总电力也增加。
恒速液压马达6与小型发电机组3之间，除了皮带轮7、8的连接组件之外，根据本申请系统的运动关系，可以适当通过齿轮/离合器系统或通过变矩器来完成，本实用新型在此不予限制。
除此之外，在根据本实用新型的系统中，恒速液压马达6还可以有以下的连接关系：
1、在飞轮上，
2、在内燃机/交流发电机之间的耦合中，或
3、在交流发电机轴上。
该系统的其余部分都是传统的，并且系统很快就能收回成本。该系统能够使用相同量的燃料将发电机组件产生的总功率增加5-10％，这对于连续发电厂来说是一个显著的收益。
本实用新型集中于从热废气中回收能量，这是一种广泛用于工业发电机组件中的系统，以产生工业过程中使用的蒸汽或用于冷却易腐烂物品或冷却小型工厂中的环境的冷蒸汽。
更重要的是要指出，这里给出的描述涉及本实用新型的优选实施例，并且可以在不脱离本实用新型的精神的情况下进行改变。
例如，本实用新型可应用于各种不同尺寸的固定式柴油发动机以及机动车辆发动机。引用入本文的现有技术文献的许多方面可以结合本实用新型使用。
以上所述仅是本实用新型的优选实施例而已，并非对本实用新型做任何形式上的限制，虽然本实用新型已以优选实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本实用新型，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本实用新型技术方案的范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本实用新型技术方案的内容，依据本实用新型的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本实用新型技术方案的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种热废气能量回收系统，其特征在于，包括
涡轮机(1)，其一端连接到小型发电机组(3)中的废气出口(2)，并且所述涡轮机(1)的另一端连接到液压泵(4)；
所述液压泵(4)连接至液压蓄能器(5)，所述液压泵(4)可用于产生压力，并将压力传输至所述的液压蓄能器(5)；
所述液压蓄能器(5)另一端连接于恒速液压马达(6)，所述液压蓄能器(5)用于将压力下的液压流体发送至所述恒速液压马达(6)；以及
所述恒速液压马达(6)的一端连接回小型发电机组(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热废气能量回收系统，其特征在于，所述液压泵(4)进一步连接流体箱(10)，所述流体箱(10)用于作无压蓄积池，向涡轮机(1)提供压力或向液压泵(4)维持液压循环。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热废气能量回收系统，其特征在于，所述的恒速液压马达(6)与小型发电机组(3)通过齿轮系统连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热废气能量回收系统，其特征在于，所述的恒速液压马达(6)与小型发电机组(3)通过离合器系统连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热废气能量回收系统，其特征在于，所述的恒速液压马达(6)与小型发电机组(3)通过变矩器连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热废气能量回收系统，其特征在于，所述的恒速液压马达(6)一端连接有第一皮带轮(7)，所述的小型发电机组(3)具有交流发电机轴(9)，在交流发电机轴(9)设置有第二皮带轮(8)，所述的第一皮带轮(7)与第二皮带轮(8)相连接。
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