CN220121852U - Photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics. The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module, which comprises a front-layer substrate, a first battery, a front-layer packaging adhesive film, a second battery, a rear-layer packaging adhesive film and a rear-layer substrate which are sequentially stacked; the front layer packaging adhesive film sequentially comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the second layer to the first layer is (1:5) - (20:1), and the thickness ratio of the second layer to the third layer is (1:5) - (20:1). The front packaging adhesive film in the photovoltaic module is of a three-layer structure, and the problem that impurity particles generated during photoelectric reaction of the first battery affect the second battery can be solved.

Description

Photovoltaic module

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic module.

Background

The photovoltaic module of the laminated battery is applied to one of the photovoltaic building integrated batteries, is a high-efficiency energy product, is a novel building material, and is easier to be perfectly combined with a building.

In the photovoltaic modules of the laminate cell, a layer of adhesive film is typically provided between adjacent photovoltaic cells to separate the adjacent photovoltaic cells.

However, in the process of implementing the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present utility model, the present inventors found that the above technology has at least the following technical problems:

impurity particles can be generated in the photoelectric conversion process of the photovoltaic cell, and the adhesive film layer can have adverse effects on another photovoltaic cell.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the utility model provides a photovoltaic module, wherein a front packaging adhesive film in the photovoltaic module is of a three-layer structure, so that impurity particles generated in a photoelectric conversion process of a thin film battery can be effectively blocked.

The utility model provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises a front-layer substrate, a first battery, a front-layer packaging adhesive film, a second battery, a rear-layer packaging adhesive film and a rear-layer substrate which are sequentially stacked; the front layer packaging adhesive film sequentially comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the second layer to the first layer is (1:5) - (20:1), and the thickness ratio of the second layer to the third layer is (1:5) - (20:1).

Further, the light transmittance of the first layer is 80% or more, the light transmittance of the second layer is 80% or more, and the light transmittance of the third layer is 80% or more; the light transmittance of the front packaging adhesive film is more than or equal to 80 percent.

Further, the first layer comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film, the second layer comprises a PET film, and the third layer comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film.

Further, the thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film comprises at least one of an EVA film, a POE film, or a PVB film.

Further, the thickness of the first adhesive film layer is 100-500 μm, the thickness of the second adhesive film layer is 25-250 μm, and the thickness of the third adhesive film layer is 100-500 μm.

Further, the rear packaging adhesive film includes at least one of a white thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film or a transparent thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film.

Further, the first cell comprises at least one of a cadmium telluride thin film cell or a perovskite thin film cell, and the second cell comprises a crystalline silicon cell.

Further, the peel strength of the first layer and the thin film battery is more than or equal to 40N/cm, and the peel strength of the third adhesive film layer and the crystalline silicon battery is more than or equal to 20N/cm.

Further, the photovoltaic module further comprises sealant, wherein the sealant is arranged between the front-layer substrate and the rear-layer substrate, and is attached to the periphery of the first battery, the front-layer packaging adhesive film, the second battery and the rear-layer packaging adhesive film.

Further, the sealant comprises polyisobutylene glue.

The front packaging adhesive film in the photovoltaic module is of a three-layer structure, so that impurity particles generated in the photoelectric conversion process of the film battery can be effectively blocked, adverse effects of the impurity particles on the crystalline silicon battery are prevented, and the power generation efficiency and reliability of the module are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a front packaging film according to the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to the present utility model;

fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the photovoltaic module of comparative example 1.

In the figure: the photovoltaic module 100, the front substrate 11, the first cell 12, the front packaging adhesive film 13, the first layer 131, the second layer 132, the third layer 133, the second cell 14, the rear packaging adhesive film 15, the rear substrate 16 and the sealant 17.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present utility model better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model.

An embodiment of the present utility model provides a photovoltaic module 100 as shown in fig. 1, which includes a front substrate 11, a first cell 12, a front packaging film 13, a second cell 14, a rear packaging film 15, and a rear substrate 16, which are sequentially stacked. As shown in fig. 2, the front packaging film 13 includes a first layer 131, a second layer 132 and a third layer 133 in order, wherein the thickness ratio of the second layer to the first layer is (1:5) - (20:1), and the thickness ratio of the second layer to the third layer is (1:5) - (20:1). The first cell 12 and the second cell 14 can each generate electric energy by utilizing part of the solar spectrum, and the stacked arrangement of the first cell 12 and the second cell 14 can generate electric energy by utilizing the solar spectrum to a greater extent, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100. The front substrate 11 plays a role of protecting the photovoltaic module 100. The front layer packaging adhesive film 13 is used for bonding the first battery 12 and the second battery 14, so that the photovoltaic module 100 is formed into a stable integral structure. The front packaging film 13 can transmit light, so that the second battery 14 can receive the light transmitted through the first battery 12. The front-layer packaging adhesive film 13 also plays a role in blocking the first battery 12 and the second battery 14, and can prevent the photovoltaic module 100 from being shorted and improve the power generation performance of the photovoltaic module 100. The front packaging adhesive film 13 can also prevent impurity particles generated by the first cell 12 from migrating to the second cell 14, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the second cell 14. The front packaging adhesive film 13 sequentially comprises a first layer 131, a second layer 132 and a third layer 133, and the first layer 131, the second layer 132 and the third layer 133 are pressed at the casting film opening to form an integrated structure. The first layer 131 has a good adhesive ability to adhere the first cell 12 and the second layer 132 together. The first cell 12 may generate impurity particles during photoelectric conversion, and the impurity particles may adversely affect the second cell 14. The first layer 131 may effectively block impurity particles generated in the photoelectric conversion process of the first cell 12, and protect the second cell 14 from the impurity particles. The second layer 132 has high light transmittance, and can ensure that the front packaging film 13 can transmit light and has certain strength. The second layer 132 has better mechanical properties, and can make the front packaging adhesive film 13 have certain strength. The second layer 132 also plays a role of blocking the first layer 131 and the third layer 133, further preventing impurity particles generated from the first cell 12 from affecting the second cell 14, and improving the reliability of the front packaging adhesive film 13. The third layer 133 is used to bond the second layer 132 and the second cell 14. The rear packaging adhesive film 15 is used for bonding the second battery 14 and the rear substrate 16 to prevent the second battery 14 from being hidden and cracked. The back substrate 16 is used to protect the photovoltaic module 100.

As an alternative embodiment, the light transmittance of the first layer 131 is 80% or more, the light transmittance of the second layer 132 is 80% or more, and the light transmittance of the third layer 133 is 80% or more. After the light incident from the outside is utilized by the first battery 12, the light passes through the first layer 131, the second layer 132 and the third layer 133 before being utilized by the second battery 14, and if the light transmittance of the first layer 131, the second layer 132 and the third layer 133 is too low, the power generation efficiency of the second battery 14 is low. Preferably, the light transmittance of the second layer 132 is greater than 90%. The light transmittance of the second layer 132 increases, and the power generation efficiency of the second battery 14 can be improved. The light transmittance of the front packaging adhesive film 13 is more than or equal to 80%. The front packaging adhesive film 13 has higher light transmittance, so that the second battery 14 can use light to a greater extent, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100 is improved.

As an alternative embodiment, the first layer 131 comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film, the second layer 132 comprises a PET film, and the third layer 133 comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film. The PET film is a polyethylene terephthalate film. The PET film has good mechanical property, impact strength which is 3-5 times that of other films, and good folding endurance, and can improve the strength of the front packaging adhesive film 13. The PET film has high corrosion resistance, oil resistance, fat resistance, dilute acid, dilute alkali and most solvents, is low in cost, and can improve the reliability of the front-layer packaging adhesive film 13 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the front-layer packaging adhesive film 13.

As an alternative embodiment, the thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film comprises at least one of EVA film, POE film, or PVB film. The EVA film is an ethylene-vinyl acetate film, which is a polar material, has high transparency, and can ensure high transparency of the first layer 131 and the third layer 133. The EVA film has excellent uv aging resistance, excellent wet heat aging resistance, and extremely low shrinkage, and can improve the reliability of the first layer 131 and the third layer 133. EVA also has a high adhesion capability, and can be used in a variety of interfaces to firmly bond the first cell 12 to the second layer 132 and the second layer 132 to the second cell 14. The POE film is a polyolefin elastomer film. The POE film has high adhesion, excellent toughness, and good processability, and is capable of firmly adhering the first battery 12 to the second layer 132 and the second layer 132 to the second battery 14. The POE film has no unsaturated double bond in molecular structure, has excellent ageing resistance and improves the reliability of the first layer 131 and the third layer 133. The PVB film is a polyvinyl butyral film. The PVB film has high safety, better weather resistance, yellowing resistance and stability, and can ensure that the service lives of the first layer 131 and the second film layer are longer and the reliability is higher. The materials selected for the first layer 131 and the third layer 133 may be the same or different, and the thicknesses of the first layer 131 and the third layer 133 may be different, and in production, a suitable material may be selected according to actual requirements, and a suitable thickness may be set.

As an alternative embodiment, the thickness of the first layer 131 is 100-500 μm, the thickness of the second layer 132 is 25-250 μm, and the thickness of the third layer 133 is 100-500 μm. The first layer 131 and the third layer 133 need to have a sufficient thickness to ensure the adhesion of the front packaging film 13. The second layer 132 has a certain thickness to ensure that the front packaging film 13 has a certain strength. Preferably, the thickness of the second layer 132 is 50-150 μm, which ensures that the front packaging film 13 has sufficient strength and satisfies the light and thin requirements.

As an alternative embodiment, the rear packaging film 15 includes at least one of a white thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film or a transparent thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film. White thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer films are more barrier but are also relatively expensive. The white thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film has a high reflectivity, and can reflect part of the light passing through the second cell back to the second cell 14, so that the light can be reused by the second cell 14, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100 can be increased. The white thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film has stronger anti-heat aging and ultraviolet aging capacity and can inhibit the aging and cracking of the backboard. The transparent thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film has better adhesion and can reduce the likelihood of the second cell 14 from crazing. The transparent thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film has less production procedures, higher production efficiency and can effectively save cost.

As an alternative embodiment, the first cell 12 comprises a thin film cell and the second cell 14 comprises a crystalline silicon cell. Thin film batteries are wide bandgap batteries that have selective transmission over the spectrum. Thin film batteries have a strong response to short wavelength light, but a weak response to long wavelength light. Crystalline silicon cells respond to long wavelength light and less responsive to ultraviolet and shorter wavelength light. The thin film battery and the crystalline silicon battery are matched for use, so that the photovoltaic module 100 can utilize solar energy to a greater extent, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100 in a unit area is improved. Specifically, the thin film battery includes at least one of a cadmium telluride thin film battery or a perovskite thin film battery. Preferably, the first cell 12 is a cadmium telluride thin film cell. The cadmium telluride thin film battery is a direct band gap semiconductor, has strong light absorption, has a forbidden band width well matched with the solar spectrum on the ground, is suitable for photoelectric energy conversion, and can absorb more than 95% of sunlight. The cadmium telluride thin film battery can still maintain good power generation performance in hot and humid environments, and can ensure high power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100. The cadmium telluride thin film battery has lower carbon emission and combines the development concept of low carbon and environmental protection. The second cell 14 may be at least one of a monocrystalline silicon cell or a polycrystalline silicon cell. The stability of the monocrystalline silicon battery and the polycrystalline silicon battery is good, the service life is long, and the photovoltaic module 100 can be used for a long time. The power generation capacity of the monocrystalline silicon battery is higher, the production process of the bicrystal silicon battery is simpler, and in the production process, a proper battery can be selected according to actual requirements.

As an alternative embodiment, the peel strength of the first layer 131 from the first battery 12 is 40N/cm or more, and the peel strength of the third layer 133 from the second battery 14 is 20N/cm or more. The structure stability among the first battery 12, the front packaging adhesive film 13 and the second battery 14 is ensured, and the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100 is improved.

As shown in fig. 3, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a sealant 17, where the sealant 17 is disposed between the front substrate 11 and the rear substrate 16, and is attached to the periphery of the first cell 12, the front packaging film 13, the second cell 14, and the rear packaging film 15. The sealant 17 is used for separating the internal structure of the photovoltaic module 100 from the outside, reducing the influence of the outside on the first battery 12 and the second battery 14, and improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

As an alternative embodiment, the sealant 17 comprises polyisobutylene glue. The polyisobutylene adhesive has good heat resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties, and can provide reliable protection for the inside of the photovoltaic module 100. The polyisobutylene adhesive has small thermal expansion coefficient and excellent electrical insulation, and improves the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

The present utility model will be further described with reference to examples, but the scope of the present utility model is not limited to the examples.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 4, a photovoltaic module 100 includes a front substrate 11, a first cell 12, a front packaging film 13, a second cell 14, a rear packaging film 15, a rear substrate 16, and a sealant 17, which are sequentially stacked. The front packaging adhesive film 13 sequentially comprises a first layer 131, a second layer 132 and a third layer 133, and the first layer 131 is attached to the thin film battery. The sealant 17 is disposed between the front substrate 11 and the rear substrate 16, and is bonded around the first battery 12, the front packaging film 13, the second battery 14, and the rear packaging film 15.

Specifically, the front substrate 11 is made of tempered glass. The first cell 12 is a cadmium telluride thin film cell. The first layer 131 was an EVA film having a thickness of 300 μm, and the light transmittance of the first layer 131 was 92%. The second layer 132 was a PET film having a thickness of 100 μm, and the light transmittance of the second layer 132 was 89%. The third layer 133 was an EVA film having a thickness of 500 μm, and the light transmittance of the third layer 133 was 90%. The second cell 14 is a polysilicon cell. The back packaging adhesive film 15 is a transparent EVA film. The rear substrate 16 is made of tempered glass. The sealant 17 is polyisobutylene glue.

Example 2

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except for the following features.

The second layer 132 was adjusted to a PET film with a thickness of 250 μm.

Example 3

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except for the following features.

The second layer 132 was adjusted to a PET film with a thickness of 25 μm.

Example 4

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except for the following features.

The second layer 132 was adjusted to a PET film having a thickness of 300 μm.

Example 5

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except for the following features.

The second layer 132 was adjusted to a PET film having a thickness of 20 μm.

Example 6

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except for the following features.

The light transmittance of the second layer 132 was adjusted to 75%.

Example 7

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except for the following features.

The first layer 131 was adjusted to a POE film having a thickness of 200 μm, and the light transmittance of the first layer 131 was adjusted to 91%;

the third layer 133 was adjusted to a POE film having a thickness of 400 μm, and the light transmittance of the third layer 133 was adjusted to 88%.

Example 8

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except for the following features.

The rear packaging film 15 was adjusted to a white EVA film with a thickness of 300 μm.

Example 9

As shown in fig. 4, a photovoltaic module 100 includes a front substrate 11, a first cell 12, a front packaging film 13, a second cell 14, a rear packaging film 15, a rear substrate 16, and a sealant 17, which are sequentially stacked. The front packaging adhesive film 13 sequentially comprises a first layer 131, a second layer 132 and a third layer 133, and the first layer 131 is attached to the thin film battery. The sealant 17 is disposed between the front substrate 11 and the rear substrate 16, and is bonded around the first battery 12, the front packaging film 13, the second battery 14, and the rear packaging film 15.

Specifically, the front substrate 11 is made of tempered glass. The first cell 12 is a cadmium telluride thin film cell. The first layer 131 was a PP film having a thickness of 300 μm, and the light transmittance of the first layer 131 was 78%. The second layer 132 was a PET film having a thickness of 150 μm, and the light transmittance of the second layer 132 was 85%. The third layer 133 was a PE film having a thickness of 300 μm, and the light transmittance of the third layer 133 was 82%. The second cell 14 is a polysilicon cell. The back packaging adhesive film 15 is a transparent EVA film. The rear substrate 16 is made of tempered glass. The sealant 17 is polyisobutylene glue.

Comparative example 1

As shown in fig. 5, a photovoltaic module 100 includes a front substrate 11, a first cell 12, a front packaging film 13, a second cell 14, a rear packaging film 15, a rear substrate 16, and a sealant 17, which are laminated in this order. The sealant 17 is disposed between the front substrate 11 and the rear substrate 16, and is bonded around the first battery 12, the front packaging film 13, the second battery 14, and the rear packaging film 15.

Specifically, the front substrate 11 is made of tempered glass. The first cell 12 is a cadmium telluride thin film cell. The front packaging adhesive film 13 is a 300 μm POE film. The light transmittance of the front packaging film 13 is 90%. The second battery 14 is a polysilicon battery, and the rear packaging adhesive film 15 is a transparent EVA film. The rear substrate 16 is made of tempered glass. The sealant 17 is polyisobutylene glue.

1. Performance test:

the photovoltaic modules 100 in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests.

1. Transmittance:

the total transmittance of the color meter (color spectrum CS-700) is measured at 5 points randomly selected on the surface of the test sample under the conditions of 6500K color temperature and 10-degree observation window, and the obtained result is averaged.

2. Peel strength:

reference standard GB/T2790 adhesive 180 peel strength test method Flexible vs. rigid Material. Sample size: 100mm x 100mm; stretching speed: 100mm/min.

PID test:

test methods are referred to the standard IEC TS 62804-1. Test conditions: +85 ℃, relative humidity 85%; -1500V constant dc voltage, 384h.

2. Performance test results:

the results of the performance test of the packaging adhesive films of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: test results

As can be seen from the comparison between the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1, the front-layer packaging adhesive film with the three-layer structure can greatly reduce the power attenuation of the photovoltaic module after PID aging while ensuring better light transmittance and peeling strength, which indicates that the front-layer packaging adhesive film with the three-layer structure can effectively block impurity particles generated in the photoelectric conversion process of the thin film battery and prevent the impurity particles from adversely affecting the power generation efficiency of the crystalline silicon battery. Example 4 in example 9 the transmittance of the front packaging film was reduced due to the excessive PET film thickness. In example 5, the barrier capability of the second layer was reduced due to the too low thickness of the PET film, resulting in increased power attenuation of the photovoltaic module after PID aging. In the material with low bonding strength and poor barrier capability between the first layer and the third layer in the embodiment 9, the three-layer structure can still improve the barrier capability of the front-layer packaging adhesive film, so that the power attenuation of the photovoltaic module in the embodiment 9 after PID aging is better than that of the photovoltaic module in the comparative example 1. As can be seen from the related data in table 1, in examples 1 to 9, the power attenuation of the photovoltaic module after PID aging for 384 hours is better than that of the comparative example, which indicates that the front packaging adhesive film of examples 1 to 9 has a three-layer structure, which can effectively block the impurity particles generated in the photoelectric conversion process of the thin film battery and prevent the impurity particles from adversely affecting the power generation efficiency of the crystalline silicon battery.

It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (9)

1. A photovoltaic module, comprising:

a front substrate, a first battery, a front packaging adhesive film, a second battery, a rear packaging adhesive film and a rear substrate which are sequentially stacked;

the front layer packaging adhesive film sequentially comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the second layer to the first layer is (1:5) - (20:1), and the thickness ratio of the second layer to the third layer is (1:5) - (20:1); the first layer comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film, the second layer comprises a PET film, and the third layer comprises a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein:

the light transmittance of the first layer is more than or equal to 80%, the light transmittance of the second layer is more than or equal to 80%, and the light transmittance of the third layer is more than or equal to 80%;

the light transmittance of the front packaging adhesive film is more than or equal to 80%.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein:

the thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film comprises at least one of an EVA film, a POE film or a PVB film.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein:

the thickness of the first layer is 100-500 μm, the thickness of the second layer is 25-250 μm, and the thickness of the third layer is 100-500 μm.

5. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein:

the rear packaging adhesive film comprises at least one of a white thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film or a transparent thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer film.

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein:

the first cell comprises at least one of a cadmium telluride thin film cell or a perovskite thin film cell and the second cell comprises a crystalline silicon cell.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein:

the peel strength of the first layer and the first battery is greater than or equal to 40N/cm, and the peel strength of the third layer and the second battery is greater than or equal to 20N/cm.

8. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein:

the photovoltaic module further comprises sealant, wherein the sealant is arranged between the front-layer substrate and the rear-layer substrate, and is attached to the periphery of the first battery, the front-layer packaging adhesive film, the second battery and the rear-layer packaging adhesive film.

9. The photovoltaic module of claim 8, wherein:

the sealant comprises polyisobutylene glue.