CN220106425U - X-ray vacuum tube with radiation protection structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an X-ray vacuum tube with a radiation protection structure, which comprises a cathode assembly used for generating and sending electrons, an anode assembly used for receiving the electrons and generating X-rays, an insulating piece used for isolating the cathode assembly and the anode assembly, a single-piece protection ring used for preventing a tube core from being broken down, and a radiation protection component, wherein the radiation protection component comprises a tube core radiation protection cover arranged on the anode assembly, so that the problem of excessive radiation in use of a user is solved, and the radiation protection component also comprises a tube sleeve protection layer arranged on the periphery of the anode assembly, can secondarily protect the X-rays leaked from the tube core, can furthest reduce the X-rays leaked from equipment through the radiation protection component, ensures the service safety of the X-ray vacuum tube, and is verified to reach the radiation leakage level required by the state.

Description

X-ray vacuum tube with radiation protection structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical appliances. And more particularly to an X-ray tube with a radiation protection structure.

Background

The availability of a controllable source of X-rays has led to the advent of new imaging techniques for radiation, i.e. imaging of partially opaque objects by penetrating radiation. X-ray vacuum tubes are widely used in the fields of Computed Tomography (CT) equipment, X-ray diffraction equipment, X-ray medical imaging equipment, and industrial inspection. Due to the ever-increasing demand for high performance CT scanning devices and angiography systems, the development of high performance medical X-ray vacuum tubes is driven. The voltage applied between the cathode and the anode of the X-ray vacuum tube is usually between 30 and 200 kilovolts after the cathode filament is electrified, electrons are excited by the cathode filament and bombard the anode target area at a high speed under the action of a strong electric field to generate bremsstrahlung, so that X-rays are generated.

The X-ray tube is widely used in the fields of medical examination, industrial flaw detection and the like, at present, when X-ray examination is carried out in various hospitals, no protective measures are usually adopted, all surrounding doctors and all parts of patients are almost exposed to high-intensity X-rays, the risk that doctors and patients receive the harm of the X-ray radiation is greatly increased, and in order to solve the defect, CN207693574U discloses an X-ray protective device which comprises: lead curtain structure: the X-ray emitting device is arranged between the X-ray emitting device of the C-shaped arm and an operator, and can move along the length direction or the width direction of the bed along with the movement of the C-shaped arm; guide rail structure: the lead curtain structure is arranged on the bed and is connected with the lead curtain structure in a sliding way, so that the lead curtain structure can move along the length direction of the bed. The X-ray shielding device can also effectively shield X-rays through the lead curtain in the arc movement process of the C-shaped arm, prevent a doctor from being exposed, effectively protect the doctor from ray leakage, but only protect the doctor, not protect a patient, and has complex manufacturing process and operation, or lead or a material equivalent to the lead is put into a gap between a tube core and a tube sleeve of an X-ray device by a researcher, but the lead is prevented from being lost in the use or storage process, and damages the user, so that the X-ray shielding device needs to be regularly detected, has larger workload, causes health hazard if ray leakage is caused in a detection period, has larger density of lead plates, increases the weight of a tube assembly, and has larger influence on the environment by the lead.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a radiation protection device with high safety and simple manufacturing process to solve the problem that users are exposed to excessive radiation when using X-rays.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide an X-ray vacuum tube with a radiation protection structure, wherein a radiation protection component is additionally arranged in the X-ray vacuum tube, so that the X-ray leakage of equipment can be effectively reduced, the radiation of rays is reduced to the greatest extent, and the service safety of the X-ray vacuum tube is ensured.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an X-ray vacuum tube with a radiation protection structure, which is characterized by comprising a cathode assembly for generating and transmitting electrons, an anode assembly for receiving the electrons and generating X-rays, an insulating piece for isolating the cathode assembly and the anode assembly, a single-piece protection ring for preventing a tube core from being broken down and a radiation protection component, wherein the radiation protection component comprises a tube core radiation protection cover arranged on the anode assembly.

The tube core radiation-proof cover is fixed on the tube core anode component through brazing, argon arc welding, laser welding or other physical modes, and the tube core radiation-proof cover completely covers the anode target disk, so that the radiation protection effect is realized.

Further, the tube core radiation shield is an integrally sealed cover body, an entrance opening is arranged at the top of the tube core radiation shield in the incident direction of the electron beam, an exit opening is arranged in the emitting direction of the ray, and the shapes of the entrance opening and the exit opening comprise but are not limited to a round shape, a square shape or a spindle shape.

The size of the entrance opening of the tube core radiation shield is determined by the incident electron beam, the exit opening is used for emitting X rays of the anode target disk, and the X rays in other emitting directions are blocked in the tube core radiation shield, so that redundant X rays are prevented from radiating users, and the range of X ray radiation is furthest reduced.

Further, the material of the tube core radiation-proof cover comprises pure tungsten or tungsten-containing alloy, and the thickness of the tube core radiation-proof cover is adjusted according to the radiation intensity.

When the output voltage is large, the radiation intensity is large, the thickness of the tube core radiation shield needs to be properly increased, and when the output voltage is small, the radiation intensity is weak, and the thickness of the tube core radiation shield needs to be properly reduced.

The entrance opening of the tube core radiation shield can be adjusted according to the shape of the electron beam, and the exit opening of the tube core radiation shield can be adjusted according to the ray exit requirement.

Further, the radiation protection component further comprises a sleeve protection layer positioned at the periphery of the anode component, wherein the sleeve protection layer is used for absorbing X rays leaked by the tube core radiation protection cover.

Under the condition of meeting the national requirements of the radiation leakage level, the utility model can only use the tube core radiation shield for radiation protection, and when the national requirements of the radiation leakage level cannot be met, the tube core radiation shield can be externally added to the anode component.

The protective layer of the pipe sleeve is fixed in a gap between the pipe sleeve and the pipe core anode assembly in a physical fixing mode such as a screw or the like or a fabric fixing mode such as insulating glue, the whole anode assembly is completely covered, and liquid or solid matters are filled in the gap.

The anode tube shell is made of oxygen-free copper material, has good heat dissipation performance, and can realize rapid heat dissipation by being matched with liquid cooling or air cooling outside the tube.

Further, the jacket shield includes, but is not limited to, a lead-containing material having a radiation shielding function.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the shape of the shroud is determined by the shape of the die, the shroud may be made of a material equivalent to lead, and the thickness of the shroud is determined by the X-ray leakage dose, so that when the shroud is applied to an X-ray vacuum tube with a high applied voltage, more X-rays will leak, and the thickness of the shroud needs to be increased appropriately to ensure the protection effect.

Further, the surface of the single-piece protective ring is subjected to electropolishing treatment, the surface precision Ra is more than or equal to 1.6, the height is 2-20 mm, and the thickness is 1-3 mm.

Further, the single-piece protection ring is assembled in a positioning groove or a pin of the anode assembly at the sealing part of the insulating piece and the anode assembly in a laser welding or brazing mode.

Further, one end of the single-piece protection ring is grounded through a wire.

Further, the material of the insulating piece comprises glass or ceramic.

Further, the distance between the insulating piece and the single-piece protective ring is not less than 1mm.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

the utility model provides a scheme that a tube core radiation shield is externally arranged on an anode target disk of an X-ray vacuum tube, the tube core radiation shield is only opened in the electron incident direction and the ray emergent direction, X-rays can only pass through the window and are fixedly irradiated in a designated area, lead damage caused by the fact that lead or a material equivalent to the lead is arranged between the tube core and a tube sleeve in the traditional technology is replaced, the leakage of the X-rays is effectively prevented, the safety and the reliability of the X-ray vacuum tube are improved, and the tube sleeve protective layer is arranged on the periphery of the anode assembly on the basis, so that the secondary protection of the tube core leakage rays is realized, the service safety of equipment is further enhanced, the problem that the user is subjected to excessive radiation when using the X-rays is solved, and the range of the X-ray radiation is furthest reduced. The utility model has the advantages of wide application range, simple manufacturing process, high safety, low cost, small occupied volume, strong practicability and wide market application prospect, and the anode tube shell is made of oxygen-free copper material, has good heat dissipation performance, and can realize rapid heat dissipation by being matched with liquid cooling or air cooling outside the tube.

Drawings

The following describes the embodiments of the present utility model in further detail with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of an X-ray vacuum tube with a tube core radiation shield of embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 shows an enlarged partial schematic view between the die radiation shield and the anode assembly in example 1.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic structure of an X-ray vacuum tube with a tube core radiation shield and a tube sleeve shield of embodiment 2.

Fig. 4 shows an enlarged partial schematic view of the die radiation shield, shroud shield, and anode assembly of example 2.

Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows: 1 cathode assembly, 2 insulating piece, 3 anode assembly, 4 tube core protecting cover, 5 anode target disk, 6 tube sleeve protecting layer and 7 tube sleeve.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the present utility model, the present utility model will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Like parts in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this utility model is not limited to the details given herein.

Example 1

The utility model provides an X-ray vacuum tube with a tube core protective cover, which aims to solve the problem of radiation to workers caused by leakage of generated X-rays and electron beams under the condition of applying a certain electric field between a cathode assembly and an anode assembly.

As shown in fig. 1, the X-ray vacuum tube of the present utility model includes: a cathode assembly 1 for generating and transmitting electrons, an anode assembly 3 for receiving the electrons and generating X-rays, an insulator 2 for isolating the cathode assembly 1 and the anode assembly 3, a monolithic guard ring for preventing a die from being broken down, and a die radiation shield 4. The tube core radiation-proof cover 4 is fixed on the anode component 3 by adopting brazing, argon arc welding, laser welding or other physical modes, covers the periphery of the anode target disk 5, the top of the tube core radiation-proof cover 4 is provided with an electron beam inlet and an X-ray outlet, the inlet of the tube core radiation-proof cover 4 can be adjusted according to the shape of the electron beam, the outlet of the tube core radiation-proof cover 4 can be adjusted according to the emergent direction of the X-ray, the tube core radiation-proof cover 4 is made of pure tungsten or tungsten alloy, the thickness of the tube core radiation-proof cover 4 is related to the radiation intensity, the cathode component 1, the insulating part 2 and the anode component 3 are connected together by welding, the insulating part 2 is made of insulating materials such as ceramic or glass, and the inside of the tube core is a vacuum environment, the outside of the tube is an atmosphere, the potential of the single-piece protection ring is the same as that of the anode assembly 3, the single-piece protection ring comprises, but not limited to, stainless steel alloy, metal or alloy metal such as oxygen-free copper, the single-piece protection ring is assembled in a positioning groove or pin of the anode assembly 3 at the sealing part of the insulating part 2 and the anode assembly 3 in a laser welding or brazing mode, the surface of the single-piece protection ring is subjected to electropolishing treatment, the surface precision is not lower than Ra1.6, the electric field distortion is generated due to the accumulation of charge density generated at the rough or folded angle part of the surface of the protection structure, the height is 2-20 mm, the thickness is 1-3 mm, and the distance between the insulating part 2 and the single-piece protection ring is not lower than 1mm. When a voltage is applied between the cathode component 1 and the anode component 3, under the action of an electric field generated by the voltage, the local electric field enhancement occurs in the area around the cathode high-voltage area, free electrons excited by the cathode high-voltage in the area are emitted to the surface of the insulating piece 2 against the escape potential, the electrons can generate directional flow due to the pressure difference between the cathode component 1 and the anode component 3, and further emit free electrons to the anode component 3 along the surface of the insulating piece 2, an electron beam in the entrance opening range of the die radiation shield 4 enters the die radiation shield 4 and quickly bombards the anode target disk 5, the anode target disk 5 generates bremsstrahlung to generate X rays to emit outwards, and the X rays not in the exit opening range of the die radiation shield 4 can emit, so that the X rays in the non-exit direction are isolated in the die radiation shield 4. Through experimental tests, the protective effect is good, and the radiation leakage level required by the state is reached.

Example 2

The utility model provides an X-ray vacuum tube with a tube core protective cover and a tube sleeve protective layer, which aims to solve the problem of radiation to workers caused by leakage of generated X-rays and electron beams under the condition of applying a stronger electric field between a cathode assembly and an anode assembly, and can further isolate the X-rays emitted by the tube core after the tube core protective cover and the tube sleeve protective layer are added, so as to realize a secondary protective effect and further improve the service safety of equipment; what the shroud shield needs to isolate is rays that cannot be intercepted by the internal radiating structure, including leakage rays from the entrance and exit ports and leakage rays that leak from the brass structure at the bottom of the tube because of reflection.

The original structure of the embodiment 1 is kept, a pipe sleeve protective layer 6 is added around the anode assembly 3, and as shown in fig. 3, the pipe sleeve protective layer 6 is fixed in the area between the anode assembly 3 and the pipe sleeve 7 by using a physical fixing mode such as screws and the like and a fabric fixing mode such as insulating glue and the like, then a gap is filled with liquid or solid, the pipe sleeve protective layer 6 can be made of lead or equivalent materials in the prior art, and the thickness of the pipe sleeve protective layer 6 can be determined according to the leakage dose; judging whether the pipe sleeve protective layer 6 needs to be added according to specific design requirements; the thickness of the protective layer 6 of the tube sleeve is related to the leakage radiation dose at the required voltage, which dose needs to be measured according to the actual situation, which is determined by the high voltage of the tube and the voltage current of the filament under the conditions determined by the tube structure. When a high voltage is applied between the cathode component 1 and the anode component 3, under the action of an electric field generated by the high voltage, the local electric field enhancement occurs in the area around the cathode high voltage area, free electrons excited by the cathode high voltage in the area are emitted to the surface of the insulating component 2 against the escape potential, the electrons can generate directional flow due to the pressure difference between the cathode component 1 and the anode component 3, and further emit free electrons to the anode component 3 along the surface of the insulating component 2, electron beams in the range of the entrance opening of the die radiation shield 4 enter the die radiation shield 4 and bombard the anode target disk 5 rapidly to generate X rays, few electron beams which are not in the range of the entrance opening of the die radiation shield 4 and the X rays which are leaked out of the die radiation shield 4 can stay in the vacuum area, but under the protection of the pipe sleeve shielding 6, the electron beams and the leaked X rays are isolated in the shielding layer 6, and cannot penetrate the pipe sleeve 7 to radiate outside the X-ray vacuum pipe, so that damage to users can be further reduced, the secondary protection effect can be realized, and the service safety of equipment can be further improved. Through experimental tests, the protective effect is good, and the radiation leakage level required by the state is reached.

It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present utility model are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present utility model and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present utility model, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. An X-ray tube with a radiation protection structure, the X-ray tube comprising a cathode assembly for generating and transmitting electrons, an anode assembly for receiving the electrons and generating X-rays, an insulator for isolating the cathode assembly from the anode assembly, a monolithic guard ring for protecting the die from breakdown, and a radiation protection component comprising a die radiation protection cover mounted on the anode assembly.

2. The X-ray vacuum tube of claim 1, wherein the tube core radiation shield is an integrally closed shield, an entrance opening is provided at a top of the tube core radiation shield in an electron beam incident direction, an exit opening is provided in a radiation exit direction, and shapes of the entrance opening and the exit opening include a circular shape, a square shape, or a spindle shape.

3. The X-ray vacuum tube of claim 2, wherein the material of the tube core radiation shield comprises pure tungsten or a tungsten-containing alloy, and the thickness of the tube core radiation shield is adjusted according to the radiation intensity.

4. The X-ray vacuum tube of claim 1, wherein the radiation shield further comprises a shroud shield positioned about the anode assembly, the shroud shield configured to absorb X-rays leaking from the die radiation shield.

5. The X-ray vacuum tube according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the single-piece protective ring is subjected to electropolishing treatment, the surface precision Ra is more than or equal to 1.6, the height is 2-20 mm, and the thickness is 1-3 mm.

6. An X-ray vacuum tube according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic guard ring is fitted by laser welding or brazing into a locating groove or pin of the anode assembly where the insulator is sealed to the anode assembly.

7. The X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein one end of the monolithic guard ring is grounded via a wire.

8. The X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein the insulator is at a distance of not less than 1mm from the monolithic guard ring.