CN219907242U - Root hole wetland - Google Patents
Root hole wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN219907242U CN219907242U CN202320901315.8U CN202320901315U CN219907242U CN 219907242 U CN219907242 U CN 219907242U CN 202320901315 U CN202320901315 U CN 202320901315U CN 219907242 U CN219907242 U CN 219907242U
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- root hole
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 70
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000233948 Typha Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000746966 Zizania Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002636 Zizania aquatica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a root hole wetland, which comprises an aluminum sludge sandy soil layer and a plant straw layer, wherein the top layer of the root hole wetland is the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer, and the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer and the plant straw layer are alternately arranged from top to bottom; planting aquatic and/or wet plants in the aluminum sludge sandy loam layer of the top layer; the plant straw layer is 2 layers or 3 layers or 4 layers or 5 layers or 6 layers. The utility model can effectively improve the capability of removing phosphorus and nitrogen in sewage, solves the problem that the traditional root hole wetland is easy to be blocked, can improve the operation effect of the root hole wetland in a short time, and effectively improves the long-time operation capability of the root hole wetland. Meanwhile, the utility model changes the aluminum sludge into valuable, can reduce the construction cost of the wetland and improves the recycling utilization level of the water supply system.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of near-natural restoration and constructed wetland construction, and particularly relates to a root hole wetland.
Background
The technology of the root hole wetland is characterized in that a reed root hole system of a natural wetland is simulated, plant straws which are artificially buried are used as filling materials/mediums of the wetland, so that the large pore structure of a wetland bed is effectively changed, plant straws are buried in the subsurface layer of the wetland soil in the initial stage, aquatic and wet plants capable of forming natural root holes are planted on the plant straws, and artificial root holes are formed in the wetland after the plant straws are rotten. The continuous updating of the wetland root holes realizes the self updating of the wetland filler/medium, and forms a high-speed channel for water flow in the wetland bed soil. The water and the pollutants act with soil, plant roots and root zone microorganisms when passing through the root holes of the wetland, and organic matters in the water body are reduced through the effects of capturing, root hole zone filtration, plant absorption, matrix interception, microorganism degradation and the like, so that the root hole wetland has the interception and purification effects. By creating a water head difference (generally 5 cm-20 cm) at two sides of the wetland bed, water flow is promoted to be filtered in a root hole system in the wetland bed. The method realizes self-updating of the foundation filling medium of the wetland by the transition between the artificial root holes and the natural root holes and the continuous updating of the root holes of the wetland, and lays a good foundation for the healthy succession of the wetland.
However, the following problems still exist in the root hole wetland operation process, which results in the degradation of the water purification capacity, and the problems are mainly as follows:
(1) The wet land has a poor water purification effect due to low microbial activity in winter (cold season).
(2) The total nitrogen removal capability of the wetland is relatively insufficient, the denitrification capability of the constructed wetland system is weak, and the total nitrogen in the wetland effluent mainly exists in the form of nitrate nitrogen.
(3) The soil permeability of the root hole area is poor. The soil of the root hole wetland is mostly mucilaginous, the subsurface structure of the soil is changed by the artificial root holes, but the water flux of the root hole area is smaller due to higher clay proportion, and the purifying effect is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a root hole wetland by taking aluminum sludge sandy loam as a root hole wetland soil medium so as to improve the pollutant treatment capacity and the operation quality of the root hole wetland.
The aluminum sludge mainly comes from mud water discharge of a sedimentation tank of a water works and backwash water discharge of a filter tank. If the sludge is directly discharged into the water body without treatment, the water body is seriously polluted, a large amount of water resources are wasted, and the sludge resource utilization of a water works is imperative. The aluminum sludge can be used as an ideal choice for developing novel fillers of the constructed wetland, and according to the composition of the aluminum sludge, the sludge is rich in considerable aluminum/ferric salt or polymer, and the substances have strong adsorption and chelation capacity on phosphorus; aluminum sludge is a byproduct of a tap water plant and is sufficiently supplied; (3) aluminum sludge is currently treated as "waste" and the financial burden on waterworks is great.
For this purpose, the above object of the present utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a root hole wetland, which is characterized in that: the root hole wetland comprises an aluminum sludge sandy soil layer and a plant straw layer, wherein the top layer of the root hole wetland is the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer, and the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer and the plant straw layer are alternately arranged from top to bottom;
the main axis direction of plant straw in the plant straw layer is parallel to the sub-surface laminar flow direction of the wetland water entering through the wetland bed
Planting aquatic and/or wet plants in the aluminum sludge sandy loam layer of the top layer to form natural root holes;
the plant straw layer is 2 layers or 3 layers or 4 layers or 5 layers or 6 layers.
The utility model can also adopt or combine the following technical proposal when adopting the technical proposal:
as a preferred technical scheme of the utility model: the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer is formed by mixing aluminum sludge and sandy soil in a dry weight ratio of 1:1-1:10.
As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model: the grain size of the sand is 0.1 mm-1.0 mm.
As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model: the volume ratio of the corn straw to the rape straw in the plant straw layer is 75 percent to 25 percent;
the diameter of the corn straw is 2 cm-3 cm; the diameter of the rape straw is 2 mm-5 mm;
each layer of plant straw layer: the stacks of coarse-fine-coarse are formed from top to bottom according to the diameter.
As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model: the plant straw layers are filled with dry corn straw and dry broom seedlings;
the diameter of the dry corn straw is 0.7 cm-2 cm; the diameter of the dry broom seedling is 0.27 cm-0.32 cm.
Each layer of plant straw layer is laid from top to bottom in the following manner:
the upper sublayer is corn stalk with laying density of 0.94 kg/m 2 ；
The upper and middle sublayers are broom seedling straws, and the laying density is 0.40 kg/m 2 ；
The middle and lower sublayers are broom seedling straws, and the laying density is 0.40 kg/m 2 ；
The lower sublayer is corn straw with laying density of 0.94 kg/m 2 。
As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model: the aquatic and/or wet plant is at least one of reed, typha, wild rice, herba Alii Fistulosi, and medulla Junci.
As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model: the ratio of the main axial sectional area of the plant straw layer embedded in the unit soil section area to the total area of the soil section is 3% -20%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model: the soil layer for embedding the plant straws is 0.2 m-1.5 m below the surface of the wetland soil.
The utility model provides a root hole wetland, which is characterized in that aluminum sludge sandy loam is used in a wetland bed, and has higher permeation rate, so that the occurrence of the blockage problem of the wetland bed is prevented; by using aluminum sludge sandy loam in the wetland bed, the absorption of phosphorus can be effectively improved based on the characteristic that aluminum sludge is rich in aluminum/ferric salt or polymer; meanwhile, the plant straw layer is rich in organic matters, so that an electron donor required by denitrification of the wetland is effectively provided, and the absorption of total nitrogen is improved; the plant straws of the root hole wetland can gradually release nutrient substances, so that the nutrient requirements of the growth of the pioneer plants and the propagation of rhizosphere microorganisms of the wetland are continuously met; by improving the diameter of the plant straw which is planted in advance to 5-50 mm, the axial cross section of the plant straw is increased to 3-20% of the total area of the soil section, the infiltration rate of the soil is further improved, and the long-time operation of the root hole wetland is ensured.
The utility model can effectively improve the capability of removing phosphorus and nitrogen in sewage, solves the problem that the traditional root hole wetland is easy to be blocked, can improve the operation effect of the root hole wetland in a short time, and effectively improves the long-time operation capability of the root hole wetland. Meanwhile, the utility model changes the aluminum sludge into valuable, can reduce the construction cost of the wetland and improves the recycling utilization level of the water supply system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an improved root hole wetland provided by the utility model;
in the figure: 1-root hole wetland; 11-aluminum sludge sandy soil layer; 12-a plant straw layer; 13-wetland vegetation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the stacking of the aluminum sludge sandy loam and plant stalks of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the stacking of the aluminum sludge sandy loam and plant stalks of example 2.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of laying an improved root hole wetland, wherein a wetland bed is constructed by alternately burying plant straws and aluminum sludge sandy loam according to the construction principle of the root hole wetland, living root systems are constructed on a vegetation straw layer by planting vegetation, and a continuous interface of root system absorption and secretion, microorganism metabolism, air transmission and solute flow is formed due to absorption and secretion of the root systems, movement of rhizosphere microorganisms and the like. In the figure: 1-root hole wetland; 11-aluminum sludge sandy soil layer; 12-a plant straw layer; 13-wetland vegetation, i.e. aquatic and/or hygrophytes.
The preparation process of the aluminum sludge sandy loam mainly comprises the following steps: 1) Respectively measuring the water content and specific gravity of the aluminum sludge from the factory by acquiring the aluminum sludge from the waterworks; 2) Acquiring sand with the particle size of 0.1 mm-1.0 mm, and measuring the density; 3) Mixing the soil and the sand according to a certain proportion, quantitatively doping water, and stirring to obtain the aluminum sludge sandy loam with the target water content.
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, the total thickness of constructed wetland soil layers is about 80 a cm a.
Firstly, preparing aluminum sludge sandy loam with the water content of 35% and the weight ratio of aluminum sludge to sandy soil of 1:2. Two layers of dry straws are buried in advance at the bottom of the wetland, and the selected plant straws consist of corn straws and rape straws, the water content of the plant straws is required to be lower than 20%, and the volume ratio of the corn straws to the rape straws is 75% to 25%. The length of the corn straw is 1.6-2 m, the diameter is 2-3 cm, and the leaves are removed. The length of the rape straw is 0.6-1 m, and the diameter is 2-5 mm. The plant straw layers in each wet area are constructed by adopting a coarse-fine-coarse paving mode according to the diameter of the plant straw.
The specific method comprises the following steps: after the elevation of the bottom of the wetland plant bed reaches the theoretical digging depth and is leveled, paving a first layer of straw, wherein the thickness of the first layer of straw is 20 cm; paving 10 cm aluminum sludge sandy loam above the first layer of straw, and compacting; then laying a second layer of straw with the thickness of 10 cm; paving 10 cm aluminum sludge sandy loam above the second layer of straw, and compacting; then paving a third layer of straw with the thickness of 10 cm; and (3) paving 20 cm aluminum sludge sandy loam above the third layer of straw, compacting, and compacting the residual height by using the aluminum sludge sandy loam, wherein the volume weight of the compacted soil is 90% of the volume weight of the local natural soil. Because the length of a single straw is limited, the aim of extending and paving is fulfilled by adopting a mode of connecting the straw end to end during actual paving. Each layer of soil is paved in the wet area, and a crawler tractor is used for compaction.
Aquatic plants such as reed, typha, wild rice, herba Alii Fistulosi and medulla Junci capable of forming natural root holes are planted above the wetland plant bed. Before aquatic plants are planted, the root hole area of the plant bed is flooded with water to be lowered, the water level is lifted and lowered back and forth three times, the duration of flooding is more than 8 h each time, and the total time is about 5-7 d. Through the process, the wetland topography is flattened, compacted and stabilized, and corresponding aquatic plants can be planted behind the wetland. The seedlings of the selected aquatic plants must be healthy. The planting season and time period are reasonably selected according to the specific requirements of different plants in the wetland, different propagules such as rhizomes, seeds, seedlings, adults and the like are respectively selected for aquatic plant cultivation, and different propagation modes are reasonably adopted. The aquatic plant planting density is sparse in the width direction of the plant bed, the plant spacing between the aquatic plants in the length direction of the plant bed is about 2 times of the plant spacing in the width direction, so that an underground root system (comprising root-like stems) of the aquatic plants can form root holes which are consistent with the axial direction of main root holes in the transverse spreading and expanding process, and the hydrological exchange rate and the purification effect of the wetland are improved.
Examples
As shown in fig. 3, the total thickness of constructed wetland soil layers is about 70 a cm a.
Firstly, preparing aluminum sludge sandy loam with the water content of 40% and the weight ratio of aluminum sludge to sandy loam of 1:1.5. Wherein the plant straw is laid in the wetland plant bed in a manner of alternately arranging coarse and fine and coarse. Example 1 was laid in a coarse-fine-coarse (4 sub-layers) pattern in each individual straw layer, and plant straw was evenly distributed in the soil in the corresponding layer; the coarse-fine and fine-coarse arrangements of plant stalks in example 1 were symmetrically distributed but separated by a layer of natural soil of 10 cm.
The paving mode of example 2 will be specifically described below. The total depth of the constructed soil layer of the wetland plant bed is about 70cm, wherein two layers of plant straws are paved from bottom to top, namely 20 cm and 10 cm respectively. The two straw layers are respectively paved on soil layers 20 cm-30 cm and 50 cm-70 cm away from the ground surface of the wetland, and aluminum sludge sandy loam with the thickness of 20 cm is arranged between the two straw layers. The dry corn stalks with the diameter of 0.7 cm-2 cm are used as coarse stalks, and the dry broom seedlings with the diameter of 0.27 cm-0.32 cm are used as fine stalks.
The specific paving modes of the two straw layers are as follows:
the upper sublayer is corn stalk with laying density of 0.94 kg/m 2 ；
The upper and middle sublayers are broom seedling straws, and the laying density is 0.40 kg/m 2 ；
The middle and lower sublayers are broom seedling straws, and the laying density is 0.40 kg/m 2 ；
The lower sublayer is corn straw with laying density of 0.94 kg/m 2 。
Aquatic plants were grown above the wetland plant bed, the growing requirements of which were the same as in example 1.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the present utility model by way of example only and not to limit the utility model to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the utility model to the precise embodiments disclosed, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A root hole wetland, which is characterized in that: the root hole wetland comprises an aluminum sludge sandy soil layer and a plant straw layer, wherein the top layer of the root hole wetland is the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer, and the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer and the plant straw layer are alternately arranged from top to bottom;
planting aquatic and/or wet plants in the aluminum sludge sandy loam layer of the top layer;
the plant straw layer is 2 layers or 3 layers or 4 layers or 5 layers or 6 layers.
2. The root hole wetland of claim 1 wherein: the aluminum sludge sandy soil layer is formed by mixing aluminum sludge and sandy soil in a dry weight ratio of 1:1-1:10.
3. The root hole wetland of claim 2 wherein: the grain size of the sand is 0.1 mm-1.0 mm.
4. The root hole wetland of claim 1 wherein: the volume ratio of the corn straw to the rape straw in the plant straw layer is 75 percent to 25 percent;
the diameter of the corn straw is 2 cm-3 cm; the diameter of the rape straw is 2 mm-5 mm;
each layer of plant straw layer: the stacks of coarse-fine-coarse are formed from top to bottom according to the diameter.
5. The root hole wetland of claim 1 wherein: the plant straw layers are filled with dry corn straw and dry broom seedlings;
the diameter of the dry corn straw is 0.7 cm-2 cm; the diameter of the dry broom seedling is 0.27 cm-0.32 cm;
each layer of plant straw layer is laid from top to bottom in the following manner:
the upper sublayer is corn stalk with laying density of 0.94 kg/m 2 ；
The upper and middle sublayers are broom seedling straws, and the laying density is 0.40 kg/m 2 ；
The middle and lower sublayers are broom seedling straws, and the laying density is 0.40 kg/m 2 ；
The lower sublayer is corn straw with laying density of 0.94 kg/m 2 。
6. The root hole wetland of claim 1 wherein: the aquatic and/or wet plant is at least one of reed, typha, wild rice, herba Alii Fistulosi, and medulla Junci.
7. The root hole wetland of claim 1 wherein: the ratio of the main axial sectional area of the plant straw layer embedded in the unit soil section area to the total area of the soil section is 3% -20%.
8. The root hole wetland of claim 1 wherein: the soil layer for embedding the plant straws is 0.2 m-1.5 m below the surface of the wetland soil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320901315.8U CN219907242U (en) | 2023-04-20 | 2023-04-20 | Root hole wetland |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320901315.8U CN219907242U (en) | 2023-04-20 | 2023-04-20 | Root hole wetland |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN219907242U true CN219907242U (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320901315.8U Active CN219907242U (en) | 2023-04-20 | 2023-04-20 | Root hole wetland |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN219907242U (en) |
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- 2023-04-20 CN CN202320901315.8U patent/CN219907242U/en active Active
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