CN219302451U - Soil corrodibility quick measuring device for corrosion prediction - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种可用于侵蚀预测的土壤可蚀性快速测定装置,包括固定单元、供水单元、稳流单元、冲刷单元和收集单元;所述固定单元用于对稳流单元和冲刷单元进行固定和支撑,以及对测定装置进行移动,所述供水单元用于给稳流单元导入水流,所述稳流单元用于调节导入水流的稳定性,使水流进入冲刷单元时初始速度为0m/s;所述冲刷单元包括冲刷槽及位于冲刷槽尾端的测定孔,所述测定孔用于放置土样;所述收集单元包括集流槽和集样桶,集流槽与冲刷单元中冲刷槽的尾部相连接,用于将测定过程中的泥沙导入至集样桶中,用于后期泥沙烘干称重。本实用新型可快速大量的测定不同类型土壤的可蚀性,并用于土壤侵蚀的预测。
The utility model provides a soil erodibility quick measuring device which can be used for erosion prediction, which comprises a fixing unit, a water supply unit, a flow stabilization unit, a flushing unit and a collection unit; Fixing and supporting, and moving the measuring device, the water supply unit is used to introduce water flow to the steady flow unit, and the steady flow unit is used to adjust the stability of the imported water flow, so that the initial speed of the water flow when entering the flushing unit is 0m/s The scouring unit includes a scouring tank and a measuring hole positioned at the tail end of the scouring tank, and the measuring hole is used to place soil samples; The tail is connected and used to introduce the sediment during the measurement into the sample collection bucket for later drying and weighing of the sediment. The utility model can quickly and massively measure the erodibility of different types of soil, and can be used for prediction of soil erosion.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及土壤侵蚀监测技术领域,具体是一种可用于侵蚀预测的土壤可蚀性快速测定装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of soil erosion monitoring, in particular to a soil erodibility rapid measuring device which can be used for erosion prediction.
背景技术Background technique
土壤可蚀性是土壤的固有属性,是评价土壤对侵蚀敏感程度的重要指标。自土壤可蚀性研究以来,国内外学者提出了一系列指标来评价土壤可蚀性,例如硅铁铝率、分散率、侵蚀率、颗粒组成、悬浮率、抗剪强度、团聚体水稳性、静水崩解速率和有机质等。有研究通过建立土壤可蚀性与土壤粉粒+极细砂粒含量、砂粒含量、有机质含量、结构和入渗5项土壤特性指标关系,来估算可蚀性K值;也有利用土壤有机碳和粒径组成来估算土壤可蚀性K值;还有不考虑土壤粒径组成、有机质、土壤入渗等指标,只考虑几何平均粒径来估算土壤可蚀性K值。国内外学者根据大量实测资料,选取与土壤风蚀可蚀性相关性较强土壤理化性质建立可蚀性估算模型,但以上模型都存在一定的适用范围。利用现有模型,在计算其他地区土壤可蚀性时往往偏差较大。Soil erodibility is an inherent attribute of soil and an important index to evaluate the sensitivity of soil to erosion. Since the study of soil erodibility, domestic and foreign scholars have proposed a series of indicators to evaluate soil erodibility, such as silicon, iron and aluminum rate, dispersion rate, erosion rate, particle composition, suspension rate, shear strength, aggregate water stability , hydrostatic disintegration rate and organic matter, etc. Some studies estimate the erodibility K value by establishing the relationship between soil erodibility and soil silt + very fine sand content, sand content, organic matter content, structure and infiltration, and estimating the K value of erodibility; The K value of soil erodibility is estimated based on the particle size composition; there are also indicators such as soil particle size composition, organic matter, and soil infiltration not considered, and only the geometric mean particle size is considered to estimate the K value of soil erodibility. Based on a large amount of measured data, scholars at home and abroad have selected soil physical and chemical properties that have a strong correlation with soil wind erosion erodibility to establish erodibility estimation models, but the above models all have a certain scope of application. Using existing models, there are often large deviations when calculating soil erodibility in other regions.
一般情况下,通过测定土壤理化性质,并结合基于理化性质土壤可蚀性计算模型,可以较简便估算土壤可蚀性,但是,这种方法未建立土壤侵蚀与可蚀性的定量关系,因此,在侵蚀预报中无法使用这种方法。目前关于土壤可蚀性的测定方法已经比较成熟,主要包括模拟降雨和小区试验被用于土壤可蚀性的研究。但是以上方法较为复杂,需要人工降雨设备和修建径流小区,周期长且成本较高,无法达到大量快速测定的目标。因此,可快速大量的测定不同类型土壤的可蚀性,并用于土壤侵蚀的预测,是本实用新型拟解决的关键问题。In general, soil erodibility can be easily estimated by measuring soil physical and chemical properties combined with soil erodibility calculation models based on physical and chemical properties. However, this method does not establish a quantitative relationship between soil erosion and erodibility. Therefore, This method cannot be used in erosion forecasting. At present, the measurement methods of soil erodibility are relatively mature, mainly including simulated rainfall and plot experiments are used in the research of soil erodibility. However, the above methods are relatively complicated, and require artificial rainfall equipment and the construction of runoff plots. The cycle is long and the cost is high, and it cannot achieve the goal of a large number of rapid measurements. Therefore, it is the key problem to be solved by the utility model that the erodibility of different types of soil can be quickly and massively measured and used for the prediction of soil erosion.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型目的是提供一种可用于侵蚀预测的土壤可蚀性快速测定装置,用于预测研究区的土壤侵蚀风险,进行预测与指导土壤侵蚀量和布设水土保持措施。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a rapid soil erodibility measurement device that can be used for erosion prediction, which is used to predict the risk of soil erosion in the research area, predict and guide the amount of soil erosion and arrange water and soil conservation measures.
一种可用于侵蚀预测的土壤可蚀性快速测定装置,包括固定单元、供水单元、稳流单元、冲刷单元和收集单元;所述固定单元用于对稳流单元和冲刷单元进行固定和支撑,以及对测定装置进行移动,所述供水单元用于给稳流单元导入水流,所述稳流单元位于冲刷单元的顶部,所述稳流单元包括稳流槽和隔板,所述隔板竖直设于稳流槽中部,且隔板底部与稳流槽底部间隔一定距离,隔板将稳流槽分隔为底部连通的进水隔间和出水隔间,以调节导入水流的稳定性,使水流进入冲刷单元时初始速度为0m/s;所述冲刷单元包括冲刷槽及位于冲刷槽尾端的测定孔,所述测定孔用于放置土样;所述收集单元包括集流槽和集样桶,集流槽与冲刷单元中冲刷槽的尾部相连接,用于将测定过程中的泥沙导入至集样桶中,用于后期泥沙烘干称重。A soil erodibility rapid determination device that can be used for erosion prediction, comprising a fixing unit, a water supply unit, a flow stabilization unit, a scouring unit and a collection unit; the fixing unit is used to fix and support the flow stabilization unit and the scouring unit, And move the measurement device, the water supply unit is used to introduce water flow to the steady flow unit, the steady flow unit is located on the top of the flushing unit, the steady flow unit includes a steady flow tank and a partition, and the partition is vertical It is located in the middle of the steady flow tank, and the bottom of the partition is separated from the bottom of the steady flow tank by a certain distance. The partition divides the steady flow tank into a water inlet compartment and an outlet compartment connected at the bottom, so as to adjust the stability of the incoming water flow and make the water flow When entering the scour unit, the initial velocity is 0m/s; the scour unit includes a scour tank and a measurement hole positioned at the end of the scour tank, and the measurement hole is used to place soil samples; the collection unit includes a collecting tank and a sample bucket, The collecting trough is connected with the tail of the scouring tank in the scouring unit, and is used to introduce the sediment during the measurement into the sample collection barrel for later drying and weighing of the silt.
进一步的,所述固定单元包括滚轮、底座、支架和旋轮,滚轮安装于底座的四角底部,支架安装于底座上,用于固定和支撑稳流单元、冲刷单元。Further, the fixing unit includes rollers, a base, a bracket and a rotating wheel, the rollers are installed on the bottom of the four corners of the base, and the bracket is installed on the base for fixing and supporting the flow stabilization unit and the flushing unit.
进一步的,所述支架包括X型主体架及伸缩支架螺旋管,其中X型主体架的下部支架与底座连接,X型主体架的上部支架与稳流单元、冲刷单元的底部连接,上部支架位于冲刷单元一侧顶端通过伸缩支架螺旋管与底座连接,旋轮安装于伸缩支架螺旋管上。Further, the support includes an X-shaped main frame and a telescopic support spiral tube, wherein the lower support of the X-shaped main frame is connected to the base, the upper support of the X-shaped main frame is connected to the bottom of the flow stabilization unit and the flushing unit, and the upper support is located at The top of one side of the washing unit is connected to the base through the spiral tube of the telescopic support, and the rotary wheel is installed on the spiral tube of the telescopic support.
进一步的,所述供水单元包括潜水泵、水箱、流量计和导水软管,潜水泵设于水箱内,导水软管的一端与潜水泵连接,另一端伸入稳流单元中,导水软管上设有流量计。Further, the water supply unit includes a submersible pump, a water tank, a flow meter and a water-conducting hose. A flow meter is provided on the hose.
进一步的,所述隔板距稳流槽底部5cm。Further, the partition is 5cm away from the bottom of the steady flow tank.
进一步的,所述冲刷单元包括水平底板、位于水平底板两侧的垂直挡板,水平底板和两侧的垂直挡板形成与稳流单元的出水隔间连通的冲刷槽。Further, the scouring unit includes a horizontal bottom plate, vertical baffles on both sides of the horizontal bottom plate, the horizontal bottom plate and the vertical baffles on both sides form a scouring tank communicating with the water outlet compartment of the flow stabilization unit.
进一步的,所述测定孔为一圆孔,圆孔的内径与采样环刀的外径一致。Further, the measurement hole is a circular hole, and the inner diameter of the circular hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the sampling ring knife.
进一步的,所述测定孔位于冲刷槽尾端30cm及中轴线位置处。Further, the measuring hole is located at the position 30cm from the tail end of the scour tank and the central axis.
本实用新型集采样与测定装置于一体,二者可根据需要随时拆装,装置构造较为简单,成本低廉,且不需要其他额外动力,取样环刀采样后交替安装测试,每组测试仅需几分钟,利用该装置可实现基于侵蚀过程不同类型土壤可蚀性的连续快速测定。The utility model integrates sampling and measuring devices, both of which can be disassembled and assembled at any time according to needs. Minutes, the device can be used to achieve continuous and rapid determination of the erodibility of different types of soil based on the erosion process.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型可用于侵蚀预测的土壤可蚀性快速测定装置的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the soil erodibility quick measuring device that can be used for erosion prediction of the present invention;
图2为本实用新型中稳流槽的侧视图;Fig. 2 is the side view of the steady flow tank in the utility model;
图3为本实用新型中取样环刀的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is the structural representation of sampling ring knife in the utility model;
图4为不同冻融次数土壤可蚀性变化图。Figure 4 is a map of soil erodibility changes with different freezing and thawing times.
图中附图标记分述如下:a、滚轮,b、底座,c、支架,d、旋轮,e、潜水泵,f、供水箱,g、流量计,h、导水软管,i、稳流槽,j、进水隔间,k、隔板,l、出水隔间,m、水平底板,n、垂直挡板,o、测定孔,p、集流槽,q、集样桶。The reference signs in the figure are described as follows: a, roller, b, base, c, support, d, rotary wheel, e, submersible pump, f, water supply tank, g, flow meter, h, water guide hose, i, Steady flow tank, j, water inlet compartment, k, clapboard, l, water outlet compartment, m, horizontal bottom plate, n, vertical baffle, o, measuring hole, p, collecting tank, q, sample collection bucket.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本实用新型实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图,对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本实用新型的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本实用新型保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described The embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.
如图1所示,本实用新型实施例提供一种可用于侵蚀预测的土壤可蚀性快速测定装置,包括固定单元、供水单元、稳流单元、冲刷单元和收集单元。As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the utility model provides a quick soil erodibility measurement device that can be used for erosion prediction, including a fixing unit, a water supply unit, a flow stabilization unit, a flushing unit and a collection unit.
所述固定单元包括滚轮a、底座b、支架c和旋轮d,滚轮a安装于底座b的四角底部,支架c安装于底座b上,用于固定和支撑稳流单元、冲刷单元,所述支架c包括X型主体架及伸缩支架螺旋管,其中X型主体架的下部支架与底座b连接,X型主体架的上部支架与稳流单元、冲刷单元的底部连接,上部支架位于冲刷单元一侧顶端通过伸缩支架螺旋管与底座b连接,旋轮d安装于伸缩支架螺旋管上,伸缩支架螺旋管为螺丝与螺母组合结构,通过旋转旋轮d可调节旋轮d伸长和缩短。通过底座b及其底部的滚轮a可移动测定装置,并通过调整支架c四个脚的支撑高度保证其水平及稳定;通过旋转旋轮d可调节伸缩支架螺旋管的长度,进而调整冲刷单元的坡度,实现无极变坡。The fixed unit includes a roller a, a base b, a bracket c and a rotary wheel d, the roller a is installed on the bottom of the four corners of the base b, and the bracket c is installed on the base b for fixing and supporting the flow stabilization unit and the flushing unit. Bracket c includes an X-shaped main frame and a telescopic bracket spiral tube, wherein the lower bracket of the X-shaped main frame is connected to the base b, the upper bracket of the X-shaped main frame is connected to the bottom of the flow stabilization unit and the flushing unit, and the upper bracket is located at the bottom of the flushing unit The top of the side is connected to the base b through the spiral tube of the telescopic support, and the rotary wheel d is installed on the spiral tube of the telescopic support. The measurement device can be moved through the base b and the roller a at the bottom, and the support height of the four legs of the bracket c can be adjusted to ensure its level and stability; the length of the spiral tube of the telescopic bracket can be adjusted by rotating the rotary wheel d, and then the flushing unit can be adjusted Slope, to achieve infinitely variable slope.
所述供水单元包括潜水泵e、水箱f、流量计g和导水软管h,潜水泵e设于水箱f内,导水软管h的一端与潜水泵e连接,另一端伸入稳流单元中,导水软管h上设有流量计g。通过潜水泵e将水箱f中的水导入到稳流单元中,水箱f的大小可参考设计的冲刷流量,导入的水量大小由流量计g控制。The water supply unit includes a submersible pump e, a water tank f, a flow meter g and a water-conducting hose h. The submersible pump e is arranged in the water tank f. One end of the water-conducting hose h is connected to the submersible pump e, and the other end extends into the steady flow In the unit, a flow meter g is provided on the water guiding hose h. The water in the water tank f is introduced into the flow stabilization unit through the submersible pump e. The size of the water tank f can refer to the designed flushing flow, and the amount of water introduced is controlled by the flow meter g.
请一并参阅图2,所述稳流单元位于冲刷单元的顶部,主要用于调节导入水流的稳定性,使水流进入冲刷单元时初始速度为0m/s。所述稳流单元包括稳流槽i和隔板k,所述隔板k竖直设于稳流槽i中部,且隔板k底部与稳流槽i底部间隔一定距离,即隔板k将稳流槽i分隔为底部连通的进水隔间j和出水隔间l。隔板k距稳流槽i底部5cm,以便水流从供水单元导入后,首先进入稳流单元的进水隔间j中,然后从隔板k下部进入出水隔间l,以保证水流的稳定。Please also refer to Fig. 2, the flow stabilizing unit is located on the top of the flushing unit, and is mainly used to adjust the stability of the incoming water flow, so that the initial velocity of the water flow when entering the flushing unit is 0m/s. The flow stabilization unit includes a flow stabilization tank i and a partition k, the partition k is vertically arranged in the middle of the flow stabilization groove i, and the bottom of the partition k is spaced from the bottom of the flow stabilization groove i by a certain distance, that is, the partition k will The steady flow tank i is divided into the water inlet compartment j and the water outlet compartment l connected at the bottom. The partition k is 5cm away from the bottom of the flow stabilization tank i, so that after the water flow is introduced from the water supply unit, it first enters the water inlet compartment j of the flow stabilization unit, and then enters the water outlet compartment l from the lower part of the partition k to ensure the stability of the water flow.
所述冲刷单元包括水平底板m、位于水平底板m两侧的垂直挡板n,水平底板m和两侧的垂直挡板n形成与稳流单元的出水隔间l连通的冲刷槽,所述冲刷槽的尾端设有测定孔o,本实施例中测定孔o在距冲刷槽尾端30cm及中轴线位置处,为一圆孔,圆孔的内径与采样环刀(如图3所示)的外径一致,用于放置土样。The scouring unit includes a horizontal bottom plate m, vertical baffles n located on both sides of the horizontal bottom plate m, and the horizontal bottom plate m and the vertical baffles n on both sides form a scouring tank connected with the
所述收集单元包括集流槽p和集样桶q,集流槽p与冲刷单元的冲刷槽的尾部相连接,设计为椎体,用于将测定过程中的泥沙导入至集样桶q中,用于后期泥沙烘干称重。The collection unit includes a collection tank p and a sample collection bucket q. The collection tank p is connected to the tail of the flushing tank of the flushing unit and is designed as a cone, which is used to introduce the sediment in the measurement process into the sample collection bucket q It is used for later sediment drying and weighing.
本实用新型实施例还提供一种可用于侵蚀预测的土壤可蚀性快速测定方法,采用上述装置进行,所述方法包括如下步骤:The embodiment of the present utility model also provides a rapid soil erodibility determination method that can be used for erosion prediction, which is carried out by using the above-mentioned device, and the method includes the following steps:
步骤一、采集原状土样
在典型样地,清理土壤表层碎石和杂草,将单边开刃的采样环刀(外径与高度和测定装置的开孔尺寸相匹配)垂直放在土壤表层上,用橡皮锤和环刀柄,将采样环刀垂直打入土壤中,待采样环刀完全进入土壤后,用铲子将采样环刀取出,再用刀片削去采样环刀周边多余土样,存放好所取环刀样,用于土壤可蚀性测定。In a typical sample plot, clean up gravel and weeds on the soil surface, place a single-edged sampling ring knife (the outer diameter matches the height and the opening size of the measuring device) vertically on the soil surface, and use a rubber hammer and a ring Knife handle, drive the sampling ring knife vertically into the soil. After the sampling ring knife has completely entered the soil, take out the sampling ring knife with a shovel, and then use the blade to cut off the excess soil samples around the sampling ring knife, and store the taken ring knife sample , for the determination of soil erodibility.
步骤二、径流冲刷测定Step 2. Runoff scour measurement
在测定前,调节测定装置坡度和流量,将所取环刀样放置在冲刷单元的开孔处(测定孔o),且环刀顶部与冲刷单元的底部要平齐无缝隙,保证水流可平稳的冲刷土样表层,在开始冲刷前用透明玻璃板盖住土样,防止调节流量时土样被冲刷。Before the measurement, adjust the slope and flow rate of the measuring device, place the sample of the ring knife in the opening of the flushing unit (measurement hole o), and the top of the ring knife and the bottom of the flushing unit should be flush with no gaps to ensure that the water flow can be stable To scour the surface of the soil sample, cover the soil sample with a transparent glass plate before starting to scour, so as to prevent the soil sample from being scoured when the flow rate is adjusted.
打开潜水泵e的开关,利用潜水泵e的动力将水箱f的清水引入冲刷单元,利用流量计g调整所引水量为设计流量;待水流稳定后,校核实际冲刷流量,并用染色剂法测定水流流速;准备好集样桶q后,揭开土样上的玻璃盖板,开始冲刷并计时,当土样被冲刷2cm深度时停止接样,记录所用时间。Turn on the switch of the submersible pump e, use the power of the submersible pump e to introduce the clean water in the water tank f into the flushing unit, and use the flow meter g to adjust the diverted water to the design flow rate; after the water flow is stable, check the actual flushing flow rate and measure it with the dye method Water flow rate; after preparing the sample collection bucket q, uncover the glass cover on the soil sample, start to wash and count the time, stop sampling when the soil sample is washed to a depth of 2cm, and record the time used.
测定结束后,将集样桶q静置澄清12h,泥沙沉淀完全后倒掉上层清液,将剩余泥沙样转移至铝制料缸内,在烘箱中105℃烘干后称量泥沙质量W。After the measurement, put the sample collection bucket q to stand for clarification for 12 hours, pour off the supernatant after the sediment is completely settled, transfer the remaining sediment sample to the aluminum material tank, dry it in an oven at 105°C and weigh the sediment Quality W.
步骤三、数据分析处理Step 3. Data analysis and processing
土壤可蚀性(K)为土壤分离速率和水流剪切力线性拟合直线的斜率,可按(1)式计算;土壤分离速率是一定坡度和流量条件下,清水分离土壤的量,可用冲刷输移土样干质量来计算,如式(2)所示;水流剪切力利用水深、坡度等计算,如式(3)所示;水深利用流量和流速计算,如式(4)所示。Soil erodibility (K) is the slope of the linear fitting line between the soil separation rate and the water flow shear force, which can be calculated according to formula (1); the soil separation rate is the amount of soil separated by clear water under certain slope and flow conditions, which can be scoured The dry mass of the transported soil sample is calculated, as shown in formula (2); the water flow shear force is calculated by using water depth, slope, etc., as shown in formula (3); the water depth is calculated by using flow rate and velocity, as shown in formula (4) .
K=Dc/(τ-τc) (1)K=D c /(τ-τ c ) (1)
τ=ρghS (3)τ=ρghS (3)
式中,K为土壤可蚀性,s/m;Dc为土壤分离速率,kg/(m2·s);τ为水流剪切力,Pa;τc为土壤临界剪切力,Pa;W为试验冲刷输移土样质量,kg;A为土样面积,m2;T为冲刷时间,s;ρ为水密度,1000kg/m3;g为重力加速度,取9.8N/kg;S为试验坡度的正弦值;h为平均水深,m;Q为流量,m3/s;B为冲刷槽宽度,m;v为平均流速,m/s。In the formula, K is soil erodibility, s/m; D c is soil separation rate, kg/(m 2 s); τ is water shear force, Pa; τ c is soil critical shear force, Pa; W is the mass of the soil sample transported by scouring in the test, kg; A is the area of the soil sample, m 2 ; T is the scouring time, s; ρ is the water density, 1000kg/m 3 ; g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.8N/kg; S is the sine value of the test slope; h is the average water depth, m; Q is the flow rate, m 3 /s; B is the width of the scour tank, m; v is the average flow velocity, m/s.
本实用新型以冻融作用下的裸露土壤可蚀性测定为实例来进行详细说明,对于其它营力作用或不同土地利用类型的土壤同样具有指导意义。The utility model is described in detail by taking the measurement of the erodibility of bare soil under freeze-thaw action as an example, and it also has guiding significance for soils of other nutrient effects or different land use types.
青藏高原地区冻融作用强烈,冻融与风力、水力和重力相互作用,对坡面侵蚀,沟道和流域产沙的影响不容忽视。在冻融过程中,土壤未必全部发生冻融侵蚀,而是影响土壤属性成为其它侵蚀营力的有效物质源。利用本实用新型可测定冻融作用下基于侵蚀过程的土壤可蚀性,为冻融侵蚀预报提供依据和参考。The freeze-thaw effect in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is strong, and the freeze-thaw interacts with wind, water, and gravity, and its impact on slope erosion, channel and river basin sediment production cannot be ignored. In the process of freezing and thawing, the soil does not necessarily undergo freeze-thaw erosion, but affects the soil properties and becomes an effective material source for other erosive forces. The utility model can measure the soil erodibility based on the erosion process under the action of freezing and thawing, and provide basis and reference for freezing and thawing erosion prediction.
在测定前,调节本实用新型装置冲刷单元的坡度(10°和15°)和流量(12、18、24L/min),将采样环刀放在测定孔开孔处,利用染色剂法测定流速。测定开始后,环刀内土样被冲刷2cm深度时停止测定,记录所用时间。自产流开始用集样桶收集水流泥沙试样,直至冲刷结束。冲刷结束后,将径流桶静置澄清12h,泥沙沉淀完全后倒掉上层清液,将剩余泥沙样转移至铝制料缸内,在烘箱中105℃烘干后称量泥沙质量。根据式(1),可得不同坡度、流量及冻融循环次数下土壤可蚀性K值。K在冻融前为1.64s/m,冻融循环1、5和10次后,分别显著增大了1.25、1.66和1.72倍,随冻融次数的增加逐渐增大并趋于平稳(如图4所示)。Before the measurement, adjust the slope (10° and 15°) and the flow rate (12, 18, 24L/min) of the washing unit of the utility model device, place the sampling ring knife at the opening of the measurement hole, and measure the flow rate by the dye method . After the measurement starts, stop the measurement when the soil sample in the ring knife is washed to a depth of 2cm, and record the time used. From the beginning of the production flow, use the sample collection bucket to collect the flow and sediment samples until the end of the flushing. After flushing, the runoff bucket was left to clarify for 12 hours, and the supernatant liquid was poured out after the sediment was completely settled, and the remaining sediment sample was transferred to an aluminum material tank, dried in an oven at 105°C, and then weighed. According to formula (1), the K value of soil erodibility under different slopes, flows and freeze-thaw cycles can be obtained. K was 1.64 s/m before freezing and thawing, and increased significantly by 1.25, 1.66, and 1.72 times after 1, 5, and 10 freeze-thaw cycles, respectively, and gradually increased and stabilized with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles (as shown in Fig. 4).
因此,利用本实用新型装置,可快速模拟土壤侵蚀过程,量化土壤可蚀性K值,对其他地区土壤侵蚀研究预测提供参考。Therefore, using the device of the utility model, the soil erosion process can be quickly simulated, the soil erodibility K value can be quantified, and the reference can be provided for the research and prediction of soil erosion in other regions.
以上所述,仅为本实用新型的具体实施方式,但本实用新型的保护范围并不局限于此,任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本实用新型揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。因此,本实用新型的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited thereto, and any skilled person in the technical field can easily think of changes within the technical scope disclosed in the utility model Or replacement, all should be covered within the scope of protection of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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