CN218570193U - Photovoltaic group string detection circuit, photovoltaic inverter and photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic group string detection circuit, photovoltaic inverter and photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry, photovoltaic inverter, photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic string detection circuit comprises a first detection module, wherein the first detection module is connected in parallel between a positive electrode port and a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value; the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection in order to acquire the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value to this provides a technical scheme who uses convenient, safe detection photovoltaic group cluster state.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic string detection circuit, a photovoltaic inverter and a photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
PV panels (solar panels) are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect that occurs in silicon semiconductor materials under light conditions, and are important components of photovoltaic power generation systems. Generally, a single photovoltaic panel can generate energy of about 400W under the condition of sufficient illumination, the open-circuit voltage of the single panel is about 45V, and the existing photovoltaic power generation system is formed by connecting a plurality of panels in series to form a photovoltaic power generation group string and then connecting the photovoltaic power generation group string to a photovoltaic inverter for input. The photovoltaic inverter comprises a plurality of panels, wherein the panels are connected in series to form a group string input, each panel is provided with a positive wire and a negative wire, if M panels are connected, 2*M connection points are provided, and if the photovoltaic inverter is provided with a plurality of group string inputs, for example, N group string inputs, the number of the connection points of the panels in one photovoltaic power generation system is 2 × M × N. On a photovoltaic installation site, problems of poor contact of string connection points, incorrect string matching voltage, incorrect connection of string polarity, inverter overvoltage damage and the like caused by the fact that the input voltage of a single string exceeds the maximum voltage allowed by the inverter are prone to occur at more connection points. For the above problems, it is often necessary for field installers to measure using specialized tools such as multimeters before accurate installation can be achieved.
In the process of realizing the prior art, the inventor finds that:
the universal meter is adopted on site to measure the photovoltaic string, the measurement is inconvenient, the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel string is generally high voltage, the direct current of the photovoltaic string reaches 600V for a single-phase photovoltaic inverter, the direct current of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter and the direct current of the photovoltaic string reach 1000V, the direct measurement is carried out by the universal meter, the site operation is inconvenient, and certain electric shock risk also exists. Other DIY fans build household photovoltaic systems by themselves, and some users do not have professional electrician knowledge and may not prepare necessary detection equipment (such as a universal meter and the like).
The foregoing description is provided for general background information and is not admitted to be prior art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present application provide a related technical scheme for diagnosing and detecting a photovoltaic string, which is convenient and safe to use, so as to solve the technical problems of inconvenience in detection, low installation accuracy and low safety when the photovoltaic string is installed in the prior art.
In one aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic string detection circuit is provided, including:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the above aspects, in another implementation manner of this aspect, the first detection module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first light emitting unit;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the positive port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with one end of the first light-emitting unit, and the second end of the first light-emitting unit is connected with the negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the foregoing aspects, in another implementation manner of this aspect, the connection port of the second detection module includes a first connection end, a second connection end, a third connection end, and a fourth connection end;
the first connecting end is connected with the second end of the first resistor;
the second connecting end is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
and the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic group string detection circuit.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the above aspects, in another implementation manner of the present aspect, the first light emitting unit includes a third resistor and a first light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
a second end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the first light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the cathode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the foregoing aspects, in another implementation manner of this aspect, the second detection module includes a fourth resistor, a second light emitting unit, a voltage regulator diode, and an NPN triode;
one end of the fourth resistor is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode and the base of the NPN triode;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
an emitting electrode of the NPN triode is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a collector of the NPN triode is connected with one end of the second light-emitting unit;
the other end of the second light-emitting unit is connected with the first end of the second resistor.
Optionally, in combination with any one of the above aspects, in another implementation manner of the present aspect, the second light emitting unit includes a fifth resistor and a second light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor;
a second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the anode of the second light-emitting diode;
and the negative electrode of the second light emitting diode is connected with the collector electrode of the NPN triode.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the foregoing aspects, in another implementation manner of this aspect, the photovoltaic string detection circuit further includes:
and the third detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is reversed or not.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the above aspects, in another implementation manner of this aspect, the third detection module includes a sixth resistor and a third light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the anode of the third light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the third light-emitting diode is connected with the anode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
In another aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic inverter is further provided, including n photovoltaic string detection circuits, n dc switches, and an inverter unit with n independent input terminals;
each photovoltaic group string detection circuit is connected to 1 independent input end on the direct current side of the inverter unit through 1 group of direct current switches;
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the photovoltaic string detection circuit includes:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the ports of the positive pole and the negative pole of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port is connected, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
In another aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic power generation system is further provided, which includes a photovoltaic string detection circuit, a dc switch, an inverter unit, and n photovoltaic strings;
the output end of each photovoltaic string is connected in parallel and then is connected to the direct current side of the inverter unit through the photovoltaic string detection circuit and the direct current switch;
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the photovoltaic string detection circuit includes:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
In another aspect of the present application, another photovoltaic power generation system is further provided, which includes n photovoltaic string, n photovoltaic string detection circuits, n dc switches, and an inverter unit;
the output end of each photovoltaic string is connected to the direct current side of the inversion unit through 1 photovoltaic string detection circuit and 1 group of direct current switches respectively;
wherein n is an integer greater than 1;
the photovoltaic string detection circuit includes:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
The embodiment provided by the application has at least the following beneficial effects:
whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold or not is detected through a first detection module connected in parallel between the positive port and the negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, and whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold or not is detected through a second detection module connected with the first detection module and the negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit respectively, so that a user does not need professional electrician knowledge and detection equipment, whether the installation of the photovoltaic string is correct or not can be judged, and convenience and safety in installation and detection of the photovoltaic string are improved.
The above summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. The above summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the background.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. The drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any manner, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the application by those skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a connection block diagram of a photovoltaic string detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic string detection circuit including a connection relationship between a first resistor and a second resistor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic string detection circuit including a specific connection manner of a first light emitting unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic string detection circuit including a specific connection manner of a second detection module according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific photovoltaic string detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a connection block diagram of a photovoltaic string detection circuit including a third detection module according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a connection block diagram of a photovoltaic string detection circuit including a specific connection manner of a third detection module according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another specific photovoltaic string detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings in which the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. It should be further understood that, as used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. Also, as used herein, the terms "or," "and/or," "including at least one of the following," and the like, are to be construed as inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some way.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various parameters or modules, these parameters or modules should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of parameter or module from another. For example, a first parameter may also be referred to as a second parameter, and similarly, a second parameter may also be referred to as a first parameter, without departing from the scope herein. The words "if", as used herein, may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if determined" or "if detected (a stated condition or event)" may be interpreted as "when determined" or "in response to a determination" or "when detected (a stated condition or event)" or "in response to a detection (a stated condition or event)", depending on the context. Furthermore, the components, features and elements that have the same designation in different embodiments of the application may have the same meaning or may have different meanings, the specific meaning of which is to be determined by its explanation in the specific embodiment or further by its context in the specific embodiment.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts in the embodiments of the present application are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and may be performed in other orders unless otherwise indicated herein. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, in different orders, and may be performed alternately or at least partially with respect to other steps or sub-steps of other steps.
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and do not limit the scope of the claims herein.
Referring to fig. 1, a photovoltaic string detection circuit provided in the present application includes:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
In the present embodiment, a photovoltaic string detection circuit is shown in fig. 1, and the detection circuit may be a functional circuit integrated in a power supply device such as an inverter, or may be connected as a separate functional component in a photovoltaic power generation system. It should be noted that PV + in fig. 1 denotes a positive terminal of the PV string detection circuit, and PV-denotes a negative terminal of the PV string detection circuit. When the photovoltaic string detection circuit is normally used, the positive electrode port PV + of the photovoltaic string detection circuit is connected with the positive electrode output end of the photovoltaic string, and the negative electrode port PV-of the photovoltaic string detection circuit is connected with the negative electrode output end of the photovoltaic string. The first detection module is connected between PV + and PV-and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string meets the condition of the minimum output voltage or not and carrying out corresponding signal indication according to the detection result. The minimum output voltage here can be understood as the first voltage threshold. The second detection module is connected between the first detection module and the PV < - > module and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string exceeds the maximum output voltage or not and carrying out corresponding signal indication according to the detection result. The maximum output voltage here may be understood as the second voltage threshold. In an actual use process, the photovoltaic inverter has a preset input voltage range, and the inverter cannot work normally when the voltage input by the photovoltaic string is lower than or higher than the input voltage range. Thus, the first voltage threshold may be set to a lower limit value that meets the inverter input voltage range requirement and the second voltage threshold may be set to an upper limit value that meets the inverter input voltage range requirement.
Optionally, in order to avoid damaging the detection module when the voltage is too high, the second detection module uses a voltage dividing circuit formed by a part of components in the first detection module to detect, so that a normal operating voltage point of the second detection module can be set without damaging the components.
Optionally, in response to the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string detected by the first detection module being greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold, the first detection module outputs first indication information.
Optionally, in response to the second detection module detecting that the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold based on the sampling voltage, the second detection module outputs second indication information.
It should be noted that, the first indication information and/or the second indication information may be a light-emitting prompt by driving a light-emitting diode in each detection module, may be displayed by setting a corresponding display screen such as an LCD, and may also be a sound-producing prompt by driving a sound-producing component. This photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry can detect common installation problem and carry out corresponding signal indication when installing photovoltaic group cluster, and the user need not professional electrician's knowledge and check out test set during the detection, can judge whether the installation of photovoltaic group cluster is correct, has improved convenience and security when installing and detecting photovoltaic group cluster.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the first detection module includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a first light emitting unit; the first end of the first resistor is connected with a positive port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with one end of the first light-emitting unit, and the second end of the first light-emitting unit is connected with a negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2, the connection port of the second detection module includes a first connection end, a second connection end, a third connection end, and a fourth connection end;
the first connecting end is connected with the second end of the first resistor;
the second connecting end is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
and the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic group string detection circuit.
It should be noted that when the photovoltaic string is normally connected, a positive voltage is formed between PV + and PV-, and after voltage division is performed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, a loop current is generated in the first light-emitting unit, and if the loop current value is greater than the rated current of the first light-emitting unit, the first light-emitting unit can normally display a corresponding light signal to prompt that the open-circuit voltage of the currently connected photovoltaic string is not less than the preset minimum output voltage. On the contrary, if the first light-emitting unit does not display the corresponding light signal, it indicates that the open-circuit voltage of the currently accessed photovoltaic string is less than the preset minimum output voltage, so that the installer can know that the connection of the photovoltaic string may be wrong, for example, a part of components are rarely connected in series.
As another possible scenario, when the PV string is normally connected, a positive voltage is formed between PV + and PV-, and after voltage division is performed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, if the second connection terminal of the second detection module detects that the input voltage is too high, the second detection module is triggered to enter a response state, and a warning can be performed by sending a light signal, which will be described in the following embodiments and will not be described herein again.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, the first light emitting unit includes a third resistor R3 and a first light emitting diode LED1 connected in series;
a first end of the third resistor R3 is connected with a second end of the second resistor R2;
a second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the anode of the first light emitting diode LED1;
and the cathode of the first light emitting diode LED1 is connected with a cathode port PV-of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
It should be noted that, in fig. 3, the order of the series connection of the third resistor R3 and the first light emitting diode LED1 can be adjusted, that is, the anode of the first light emitting diode LED1 is connected to the second end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the first light emitting diode LED1 is connected to one end of the third resistor R3, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the cathode port PV-of the PV string detection circuit. In a specific embodiment, the first light emitting diode LED1 may be a green light emitting diode. The first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3 and the first light emitting diode LED1 are connected between PV + and PV-of the photovoltaic string. If the photovoltaic string is connected in the correct number, the panel components are not connected in the reverse direction or are in good contact, and the photovoltaic string outputs positive voltage. It can be understood that when parameters of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the first light emitting diode LED1 are set, it is required to ensure that an open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is not less than a minimum output voltage, and a loop where the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the first light emitting diode LED1 are located has a corresponding current, so that the LED1 operates to display green, indicating that the photovoltaic string is normally connected to an installer.
In order to ensure that the first light emitting diode LED1 can emit light accurately, assuming that the minimum input voltage required by the photovoltaic inverter is Upv _ min and the minimum starting current of the LED1 is I _ LED1_ min, the parameters of R1, R2, and R3 need to satisfy:
assuming that the maximum output voltage of the pv string allowed by the pv inverter is Upv _ max, and the maximum allowable current of the LED1 is I _ LED1_ max, the parameters of R1, R2, and R3 should satisfy:
a designer can obtain a minimum starting current I _ LED1_ min parameter value of the LED1 by referring to a specification of the LED1 of a selected type, and configure resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 based on the two formulas, so that when the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is detected to be greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value, the first LED1 can be ensured to be accurately lightened; and when detecting that the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is less than the first voltage threshold, ensuring that the first light emitting diode LED1 is kept in an off state.
Optionally, referring to fig. 4, the second detection module includes a fourth resistor R4, a second light emitting unit, a zener diode ZD1, and an NPN triode Q1;
one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to a negative electrode port PV-of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the anode of the zener diode ZD1 and the base of the NPN triode Q1;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is connected with the second end of the second resistor R2;
an emitting electrode of the NPN triode Q1 is connected with a negative electrode port PV-of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a collector of the NPN triode Q1 is connected with one end of the second light-emitting unit;
the other end of the second light-emitting unit is connected with the first end of the second resistor R2.
It should be noted that the NPN triode herein can be replaced by a PNP triode, and the PNP triode can replace the NPN triode herein by adaptively supplementing related components and modifying the connection relationship between the components. In a specific implementation process, assuming that wiring and series connection errors occur during installation of a photovoltaic string, the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string exceeds the maximum input voltage set by a photovoltaic inverter, by setting parameter values of all components, the divided voltage generated by a third resistor R3 can exceed the breakdown voltage of a voltage stabilizing diode ZD1, ZD1 performs breakdown work, a high level is output to enable a triode Q1 to be conducted, so that PV < + >, R1, a second light emitting unit and Q1 form a corresponding loop, and the second light emitting unit emits light with a corresponding color to remind a photovoltaic system installer that the installation has errors and the wiring detection of the photovoltaic array string is needed.
In this case, assuming that the clamping voltage of the zener diode ZD1 is Uzd, the resistance of the third resistor R3 should satisfy the following relation:
optionally, referring to fig. 5, the second light emitting unit includes a fifth resistor R5 and a second light emitting diode LED2 connected in series;
a first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with a first end of the second resistor R2;
a second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the anode of the second light emitting diode LED2;
and the negative electrode of the second light emitting diode LED2 is connected with the collector of the NPN triode Q1.
It is understood that, as an alternative embodiment, the order of the series connection of the fifth resistor R5 and the second light emitting diode LED2 in fig. 5 may be adjusted, that is, the anode of the second light emitting diode LED2 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the second light emitting diode LED2 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the collector of the NPN triode Q1. Optionally, the second light emitting unit is configured to light the second light emitting diode LED2 at a corresponding voltage when the NPN transistor Q1 is turned on, so that the first end of the fifth resistor R5 may also be directly connected to the positive terminal PV + of the photovoltaic string detection circuit. In a specific implementation, the second light emitting diode LED2 may be a red light emitting diode. Supposing that wiring and series connection errors occur during installation of the photovoltaic string, the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string exceeds the set maximum output voltage of the photovoltaic string, a certain partial voltage is generated by the R3 at the moment and exceeds the breakdown voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1, the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 performs breakdown work, and a high level is output to enable the triode Q1 to be conducted, so that a positive electrode port PV < + >, a first resistor R1 (optional), a fifth resistor R5, a second light emitting diode LED2 and an NPN triode Q1 of the photovoltaic string detection circuit form a corresponding loop, and the current value in the loop is greater than or equal to the minimum starting current value of the second light emitting diode LED2, so that the second light emitting diode LED2 emits red light to remind a photovoltaic system installer that the installation is wrong, and at the moment, the output voltage of the photovoltaic string is too high to stop starting the photovoltaic inverter, and the wiring detection of the photovoltaic array string is required.
Optionally, referring to fig. 6, the photovoltaic string detection circuit further includes:
and the third detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port PV plus and the negative electrode port PV minus of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is reversed or not.
In the actual installation process, there may be a situation where the polarity of the pv string is reversed from the polarity of the connection terminals of the pv inverter, in which case, if the pv inverter is directly activated, there may be a risk of damaging the components inside the pv inverter. Therefore, when the third detection module is connected between PV + and PV-, if the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic string are reversely connected, the third detection module can detect the corresponding signal and perform corresponding signal indication to prompt a user whether the polarity of the photovoltaic string is reversely connected.
Optionally, referring to fig. 7, the third detection module includes a sixth resistor R6 and a third light emitting diode LED3 connected in series;
a first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to a negative electrode port PV-of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the anode of the third light emitting diode LED3;
the cathode of the third light emitting diode LED3 is connected to the positive port PV + of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
It can be understood that the series connection order of the sixth resistor R6 and the third light emitting diode LED3 in fig. 7 can be adjusted, that is, the anode of the third light emitting diode LED3 is connected to the cathode port PV-of the PV string detection circuit, the cathode of the third light emitting diode LED3 is connected to one end of the sixth resistor R6, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the anode port PV + of the PV string detection circuit. In a specific implementation, the third light emitting diode LED3 may be a yellow light emitting diode. If the photovoltaic system installer is connecting the photovoltaic string, the positive and negative terminals PV + and PV-of the photovoltaic string detection circuit are reversed with the positive and negative terminals of the photovoltaic string, then in the photovoltaic string detection circuit, the sixth resistor R6 and the third light emitting diode LED3 form a loop, the third light emitting diode LED3 has current flowing through to emit yellow light, so as to remind the installer that the polarity of the photovoltaic string at this time is reversed, and the inspection is needed.
In a specific implementation process, please refer to fig. 8, in order to ensure that the third light emitting diode LED3 can be accurately lighted, assuming that the minimum input voltage required by the pv inverter is Upv _ min, the minimum start current of the LED3 is I _ LED3_ min, the maximum input voltage allowed by the pv inverter is Upv _ max, the maximum allowable pass current of the LED3 is I _ LED3_ max, and the parameter of the sixth resistor R6 needs to satisfy the following requirements:
the sixth resistor R6 and the third light emitting diode LED3 are selected based on the inequality, so that when the positive and negative ports PV + and PV-of the photovoltaic string and the photovoltaic string detection circuit are reversely connected, the third light emitting diode LED3 can emit corresponding light to prompt an installer that a reverse connection error occurs.
Aiming at the universal single-phase photovoltaic inverter in the current market, the maximum input voltage of a photovoltaic string is 600Vdc, and the corresponding LED lamp state indication in undervoltage, overvoltage or reverse connection error can be obtained by setting the resistance parameters of R3 and R6; in addition, the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is adjusted, and an overvoltage protection point can be adjusted; for a system with the maximum input voltage of the photovoltaic string of 1000Vdc, the LED lamp state indication under the condition of corresponding undervoltage, overvoltage or reverse connection errors can be obtained by setting the resistance parameters of R3 and R6. The LED indicating device indicates an installer to distinguish the connection state of the photovoltaic string strings through LEDs with different colors, and a corresponding photovoltaic string detection circuit is required to be arranged under the condition that a single photovoltaic string is input or two or more string strings are connected in parallel inside; if the photovoltaic inverter has multiple independent string inputs, each independent input end needs a corresponding photovoltaic string detection circuit. The technical scheme that this application provided uses common passive device, realizes photovoltaic group cluster connection state and detects, need not solitary working power supply, IC or treater circuit, simplifies circuit design, can effectively detect the connection state of photovoltaic group cluster. When the photovoltaic string is normally connected, the output voltage of the photovoltaic string is within the specification range of the input voltage of the inverter, and the green LED displays the output voltage; when the connection loop has an open circuit point due to poor connection between the photovoltaic group strings, the LED is not bright; when the output voltage of the photovoltaic string exceeds the maximum input voltage allowed by the inverter, the red LED displays the voltage; when the photovoltaic group is connected in a reverse polarity mode, the yellow LED displays. The whole detection circuit is simple in working principle, convenient and safe to use, does not need special detection equipment, can quickly judge whether the photovoltaic string is installed correctly or not, sends out corresponding troubleshooting indication to installation errors, and facilitates installers to quickly locate the type of wrong installation.
The application also provides a photovoltaic inverter which comprises n photovoltaic group string detection circuits, n groups of direct current switches and an inversion unit with n independent input ends;
each photovoltaic group string detection circuit is connected to 1 independent input end on the direct current side of the inverter unit through 1 group of direct current switches;
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the photovoltaic string detection circuit includes:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
It should be noted that, when n is 1, referring to fig. 8, 1 set of dc switches is connected between the photovoltaic string detection circuit and 1 independent input terminal of the inverter unit. The independent input end of the inversion unit comprises a direct current positive electrode input end DC plus and a direct current negative electrode input end DC minus. The maximum input voltage of the inversion unit corresponds to the maximum output voltage of the photovoltaic string, and the minimum input voltage of the inversion unit corresponds to the minimum output voltage of the photovoltaic string. When the first detection module detects the normality, the first detection module indicates that the string of the installer is normally connected, the direct current switch in the photovoltaic inverter can be closed at the moment, and the photovoltaic inverter can work. If the photovoltaic group is poor in serial connection or wrong in serial connection during installation, and the open circuit or the open circuit voltage is lower than the lowest input voltage of the inverter unit, the first detection module, the second detection module and the third detection module cannot send light signals, and therefore system installers are reminded to check the open circuit points or the connection quantity of the photovoltaic modules in the circuit. If the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string exceeds the maximum input voltage of the inversion unit due to the photovoltaic string connection and series connection errors during installation, the second detection module sends out a warning signal to remind a system installer that the system installer is in danger of overvoltage and cannot close the direct current switch, the photovoltaic array string connection detection is required, and otherwise, the photovoltaic inverter is damaged. If photovoltaic system installer, when carrying out photovoltaic group cluster connection, install the PV panel positive negative pole and reverse, in detection circuitry, third detection module sends alarm signal, reminds installer, and photovoltaic group cluster polarity reversal needs to investigate at this moment. When n is greater than 1, each photovoltaic string detection circuit can be connected with 1 set of direct current switches and then connected to the independent input end on the direct current side of the inverter unit in parallel.
Optionally, the first detection module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first light emitting unit;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the positive port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with one end of the first light-emitting unit, and the second end of the first light-emitting unit is connected with the negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, the connection port of the second detection module includes a first connection end, a second connection end, a third connection end, and a fourth connection end;
the first connecting end is connected with the second end of the first resistor;
the second connecting end is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
and the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic group string detection circuit.
Optionally, the first light emitting unit comprises a third resistor and a first light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
the second end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the first light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the cathode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, the second detection module includes a fourth resistor, a second light emitting unit, a voltage regulator diode, and an NPN transistor;
one end of the fourth resistor is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode and the base of the NPN triode;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
an emitting electrode of the NPN triode is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a collector of the NPN triode is connected with one end of the second light-emitting unit;
the other end of the second light-emitting unit is connected with the first end of the second resistor.
Optionally, the second light emitting unit comprises a fifth resistor and a second light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor;
a second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the anode of the second light-emitting diode;
and the negative electrode of the second light emitting diode is connected with the collector electrode of the NPN triode.
Optionally, the photovoltaic string detection circuit further includes:
and the third detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is reversed or not.
Optionally, the third detection module includes a sixth resistor and a third light emitting diode connected in series;
a first end of the sixth resistor is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the anode of the third light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the third light-emitting diode is connected with the anode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
The application also provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises a photovoltaic string detection circuit, a direct current switch, an inversion unit and n photovoltaic strings;
the output ends of the photovoltaic string strings are connected in parallel and then are connected to the direct current side of the inversion unit through the photovoltaic string detection circuit and the direct current switch;
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the photovoltaic string detection circuit includes:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
Optionally, the first detection module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first light emitting unit;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the positive port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with one end of the first light-emitting unit, and the second end of the first light-emitting unit is connected with the negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, the connection port of the second detection module includes a first connection end, a second connection end, a third connection end, and a fourth connection end;
the first connecting end is connected with the second end of the first resistor;
the second connecting end is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
and the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic group string detection circuit.
Optionally, the first light emitting unit comprises a third resistor and a first light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
a second end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the first light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the cathode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, the second detection module includes a fourth resistor, a second light emitting unit, a voltage regulator diode, and an NPN transistor;
one end of the fourth resistor is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode and the base electrode of the NPN triode;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
an emitting electrode of the NPN triode is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a collector of the NPN triode is connected with one end of the second light-emitting unit;
the other end of the second light-emitting unit is connected with the first end of the second resistor.
Optionally, the second light emitting unit includes a fifth resistor and a second light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor;
a second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the anode of the second light-emitting diode;
and the negative electrode of the second light emitting diode is connected with the collector electrode of the NPN triode.
Optionally, the photovoltaic string detection circuit further comprises:
and the third detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is reversed or not.
Optionally, the third detection module includes a sixth resistor and a third light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the anode of the third light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the third light-emitting diode is connected with the anode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
The application also provides another photovoltaic power generation system which comprises n photovoltaic group string detection circuits, n groups of direct current switches, an inversion unit and n photovoltaic group strings;
the output end of each photovoltaic group string is connected to the direct current side of the inversion unit through 1 photovoltaic group string detection circuit and 1 group of direct current switches respectively;
wherein n is an integer greater than 1;
the photovoltaic string detection circuit includes:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
Optionally, the first detection module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first light emitting unit;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the positive port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with one end of the first light-emitting unit, and the second end of the first light-emitting unit is connected with the negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, the connection port of the second detection module includes a first connection end, a second connection end, a third connection end, and a fourth connection end;
the first connecting end is connected with the second end of the first resistor;
the second connecting end is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
and the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic group string detection circuit.
Optionally, the first light emitting unit comprises a third resistor and a first light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
the second end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the first light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the cathode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
Optionally, the second detection module includes a fourth resistor, a second light emitting unit, a voltage regulator diode, and an NPN transistor;
one end of the fourth resistor is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode and the base of the NPN triode;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
an emitting electrode of the NPN triode is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a collector of the NPN triode is connected with one end of the second light-emitting unit;
the other end of the second light-emitting unit is connected with the first end of the second resistor.
Optionally, the second light emitting unit includes a fifth resistor and a second light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor;
a second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the anode of the second light-emitting diode;
and the negative electrode of the second light emitting diode is connected with the collector electrode of the NPN triode.
Optionally, the photovoltaic string detection circuit further includes:
and the third detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is reversed or not.
Optionally, the third detection module includes a sixth resistor and a third light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the anode of the third light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the third light-emitting diode is connected with the anode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the present application, the same or similar term concepts, technical solutions and/or application scenario descriptions will be generally described only in detail at the first occurrence, and when the description is repeated later, the detailed description will not be repeated in general for brevity, and when understanding the technical solutions and the like of the present application, reference may be made to the related detailed description before the description for the same or similar term concepts, technical solutions and/or application scenario descriptions and the like which are not described in detail later.
In the present application, each embodiment is described with emphasis, and reference may be made to the description of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in any embodiment.
All possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments are not described in the present application for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as the scope of the present application as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application, or which are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A photovoltaic string detection circuit, comprising:
the first detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value or not;
the second detection module, the one end of second detection module with first detection module electric connection is in order to obtain the sampling voltage of the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster, the other end of second detection module is connected with photovoltaic group cluster detection circuitry's negative pole port, the second detection module is used for based on sampling voltage detects whether the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic group cluster is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold value.
2. The pv string detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first detection module comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a first light emitting unit;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with a positive port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with one end of the first light-emitting unit, and the second end of the first light-emitting unit is connected with a negative port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
3. The photovoltaic string detection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the connection port of the second detection module includes a first connection end, a second connection end, a third connection end, and a fourth connection end;
the first connecting end is connected with the second end of the first resistor;
the second connecting end is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
and the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic group string detection circuit.
4. The pv string detection circuit of claim 2 or 3, wherein the first light emitting unit comprises a third resistor and a first light emitting diode connected in series;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
the second end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the first light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the first light-emitting diode is connected with the cathode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
5. The photovoltaic string detection circuit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second detection module comprises a fourth resistor, a second light emitting unit, a voltage regulator diode, and an NPN triode;
one end of the fourth resistor is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode and the base electrode of the NPN triode;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the second end of the second resistor;
an emitter of the NPN triode is connected with a negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a collector of the NPN triode is connected with one end of the second light-emitting unit;
the other end of the second light-emitting unit is connected with the first end of the second resistor.
6. The pv string detection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the second light emitting unit comprises a fifth resistor and a second led connected in series;
the first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor;
a second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the anode of the second light-emitting diode;
and the negative electrode of the second light emitting diode is connected with the collector electrode of the NPN triode.
7. The pv string detection circuit according to any of claims 1-3, further comprising:
and the third detection module is connected in parallel between the positive electrode port and the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit and is used for detecting whether the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is reversed or not.
8. The pv string detection circuit of claim 7, wherein the third detection module comprises a sixth resistor and a third led connected in series;
the first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the negative electrode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit;
a second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the anode of the third light-emitting diode;
and the cathode of the third light-emitting diode is connected with the anode port of the photovoltaic string detection circuit.
9. A photovoltaic inverter comprising n photovoltaic string detection circuits according to any of claims 1 to 8, n sets of dc switches, an inverter unit with n independent inputs;
each photovoltaic group string detection circuit is connected to 1 independent input end on the direct current side of the inverter unit through 1 group of direct current switches;
wherein n is an integer of 1 or more.
10. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising n photovoltaic strings, n photovoltaic string detection circuits according to any one of claims 1 to 8, n sets of dc switches and an inverter unit;
the output end of each photovoltaic group string is connected to the direct current side of the inversion unit through 1 photovoltaic group string detection circuit and 1 group of direct current switches respectively;
wherein n is an integer greater than 1.
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| CN202222342801.9U CN218570193U (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Photovoltaic group string detection circuit, photovoltaic inverter and photovoltaic power generation system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12199208B1 (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2025-01-14 | Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. | Method for welding cell strings and series welding machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12199208B1 (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2025-01-14 | Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. | Method for welding cell strings and series welding machine |
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