CN217984639U - Lithium battery protection device and system - Google Patents
Lithium battery protection device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN217984639U CN217984639U CN202222218190.7U CN202222218190U CN217984639U CN 217984639 U CN217984639 U CN 217984639U CN 202222218190 U CN202222218190 U CN 202222218190U CN 217984639 U CN217984639 U CN 217984639U
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Abstract
The application discloses lithium battery protection device and system, the device includes: a supplementary power supply module; the high-voltage detection module is coupled with the lithium battery; the battery management module is respectively coupled with the supplementary power supply module and the high-voltage detection module; the starting module is respectively coupled with the supplementary power supply module and the battery management module; and the overcharge and overdischarge protection module is respectively coupled with the high-voltage detection module and the starting module. The lithium battery protection device is provided with an operating power supply through the power supply supplementing module, the lithium battery protection device is subjected to device self-checking by the starting module, the battery management module controls the overcharge and overdischarge protection module according to a detection result of the high-voltage detection module, the lithium battery is protected, the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon is avoided, and the service life of the lithium battery is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a lithium cell technical field especially relates to a lithium cell protection device and system.
Background
In the process of charging the lithium battery, when the electric quantity of the lithium battery is full, the continuous charging can cause the structure change of a positive electrode material, cause capacity loss and even cause explosion; in the process of discharging an external load, the voltage of the lithium battery is gradually reduced along with the discharging process, after the voltage reaches a certain value, the continuous discharging can cause the over-discharging of the battery, the over-discharging of the battery can bring disastrous results to the battery, and the capacity can be obviously attenuated even if the charging is partially recovered.
That is to say, the most ideal working state of the lithium battery is shallow charging and shallow discharging, and the service life of the lithium battery can be effectively ensured by the working mode of shallow charging and shallow discharging. However, in the prior art, the overcharge and overdischarge phenomena exist in the process of charging and discharging the lithium battery, so that the service life of the lithium battery is short.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a lithium battery protection apparatus and system for solving the problem that the service life of a lithium battery is short due to an overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon in the process of charging and discharging the lithium battery in the prior art.
In order to solve the above problem, the utility model provides a lithium battery protection device, include:
a supplementary power supply module;
the high-voltage detection module is coupled with the lithium battery;
the battery management module is respectively coupled with the supplementary power supply module and the high-voltage detection module;
the starting module is respectively coupled with the supplementary power supply module and the battery management module, and comprises a self-reset switch, a first relay, a second relay, a pre-charging resistor and a third relay;
and the overcharge and overdischarge protection module is coupled with the high-voltage detection module and the starting module respectively, and comprises a first anti-reverse diode, a second anti-reverse diode, a fourth relay and a fifth relay.
Further, the lithium battery protection device further comprises a temperature protection module which is respectively coupled with the supplementary power module and the battery management module, wherein the temperature protection module comprises a heating film and a heating relay.
Further, the temperature protection module further comprises a heating fuse.
Further, the heating film parcel lithium cell, the first end of heating fuse is coupled with the first end of heating film, and the second end of heating fuse is coupled with the first end of heating relay, and the second end of heating relay is coupled with supplementary power module's positive pole, and supplementary power module's negative pole is coupled with the second end of heating film.
Further, the supplemental power module includes a DCDC power supply.
Furthermore, in the starting module, a first end of the self-reset switch is respectively coupled with the anode of the lithium battery and a first end of the first relay; the second end of the self-reset switch is respectively coupled with the second end of the first relay and the positive electrode of the DCDC power supply;
the negative electrode of the DCDC power supply is coupled with the negative electrode of the lithium battery;
the pre-charging resistor, the third relay and the second relay are connected in series, the first end of the pre-charging resistor is coupled with the positive electrode of the lithium battery, and the second end of the second relay is coupled with the negative electrode of the lithium battery.
Further, the starting module further comprises a shunt, a first end of the shunt is coupled with the negative electrode of the lithium battery, and a second end of the shunt is coupled with the second relay.
Furthermore, the overcharge and overdischarge protection module also comprises a fuse;
the first end of the fuse is coupled with the positive electrode of the lithium battery, and the second end of the fuse is coupled with the first end of the fourth relay and the positive electrode of the first anti-reverse diode respectively;
the second end of the fourth relay is coupled with the cathode of the first anti-reverse diode, the cathode of the second anti-reverse diode and the first end of the fifth relay respectively;
the negative electrode of the first anti-reverse diode is coupled with the negative electrode of the second anti-reverse diode and the first end of the fifth relay respectively;
the anodes of the second anti-reverse diodes are coupled to the second terminal of the fifth relay and the second terminal of the second relay, respectively.
Further, the supplementary power supply module may further include an external power supply and an idle switch, wherein a positive pole of the external power supply is coupled to a first terminal of the idle switch, a second terminal of the idle switch is coupled to a second terminal of the self-reset switch, and a negative pole of the external power supply is coupled to a second terminal of the second relay.
In order to solve the above problem, the utility model also provides a lithium battery protection system, include as above the lithium battery protection device.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is: the utility model provides a lithium battery protection device and system, the device includes: a supplementary power module; the high-voltage detection module is coupled with the lithium battery; the battery management module is respectively coupled with the supplementary power supply module and the high-voltage detection module; the starting module is respectively coupled with the supplementary power supply module and the battery management module; and the overcharge and overdischarge protection module is respectively coupled with the high-voltage detection module and the starting module. The lithium battery protection device is provided with an operating power supply through the power supply supplementing module, the lithium battery protection device is subjected to device self-checking by the starting module, the battery management module controls the overcharge and overdischarge protection module according to a detection result of the high-voltage detection module, the lithium battery is protected, the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon is avoided, and the service life of the lithium battery is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a lithium battery protection device provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium battery protection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium battery protection device according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of the lithium battery protection device provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, forms a part of this application, and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
Before the embodiments are set forth, the lithium battery and the relay are explained:
a lithium battery is a type of battery using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, using lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a positive/negative electrode material. Lithium batteries can be broadly classified into two types: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain lithium in the metallic state and are rechargeable.
A relay is an electronic control device having a control system (also called an input loop) and a controlled system (also called an output loop), which is commonly used in automatic control circuits, and which is actually an "automatic switch" that uses a small current to control a large current. Therefore, the circuit has the functions of automatic regulation, safety protection, circuit conversion and the like. The starting circuit is mainly used in relay protection devices of generators, transformers and power transmission lines and is used as a starting element of overvoltage protection or low-voltage locking.
At present, lithium batteries are widely applied to various fields because of their advantages of high energy ratio, light weight, environmental protection, and the like. The most ideal working state of the lithium battery is shallow charging and shallow discharging, but in the prior art, the lithium battery has the problem of short service life caused by overcharge and overdischarge in the process of charging and discharging.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a lithium battery protection device and system, which are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a lithium battery protection device provided by the present invention, and the lithium battery protection device 100 includes:
a supplementary power supply module 101;
a high voltage detection module 102 coupled to the lithium battery;
a battery management module 103 coupled to the supplementary power module 101 and the high voltage detection module 102, respectively;
a starting module 104 coupled to the supplementary power module 101 and the battery management module 103, respectively, wherein the starting module 104 includes a self-reset switch S1, a first relay K6, a second relay K5, a pre-charge resistor R1, and a third relay K3;
and the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 105 is coupled to the high voltage detection module 102 and the start module 104, respectively, wherein the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 105 includes a first anti-reverse diode A1, a second anti-reverse diode A2, a fourth relay K1 and a fifth relay K2.
In this embodiment, first, the supplementary power module 101 provides power to the high voltage detection module 102 to detect the voltage state of the lithium battery in real time; next, the battery management module 103 compares the preset voltage threshold with the detection voltage of the lithium battery to determine whether the lithium battery has an overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon; then, the starting module 104 realizes the slow rectification of the whole circuit under the action of the pre-charging resistor; finally, the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 105 adaptively responds to the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon of the lithium battery, so that the lithium battery is protected, and the reduction of the service life of the lithium battery caused by the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon is avoided.
In a specific embodiment, in the operation process of the lithium battery, in order to avoid the overcharge and overdischarge phenomena, firstly, the self-reset switch S1 in the starting module 104 is pressed, the supplementary power module 101 and the battery management module 103 are switched on, and power is provided for the battery management module 103; the battery management module 103 firstly performs self-checking on a circuit in the lithium battery protection device 100 to ensure normal operation of the lithium battery protection device 100, closes the first relay K6, the second relay K5 and the third relay K3 after judging that the circuit in the lithium battery protection device 100 is normal, performs pre-charging through the pre-charging resistor R1, and closes the fourth relay K1 and the fifth relay K2 and simultaneously disconnects the third relay K3 when detecting that the external voltage reaches 90% of the rated voltage of the lithium battery; next, the battery management module 103 obtains a voltage detection result of the high-voltage detection module 102 on the lithium battery, and controls the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 105 according to the detection result, wherein when it is determined that the lithium battery has an overdischarge phenomenon, a direct-current bus voltage connected to the outside sequentially passes through the fifth relay K2 and the fourth relay K1 and reaches the positive electrode of the lithium battery, so that the lithium battery is charged; when the lithium battery is judged to have the full charge or overcharge phenomenon, the battery management module 103 controls the fourth relay K1 to be disconnected, and the charging is stopped, but the lithium battery can still discharge to the outside through the first anti-reverse diode A1 and the fifth relay K2.
In one embodiment, the supplemental power module 101 provides 24V supplemental power to the high voltage detection module 102.
Preferably, at the in-process of lithium cell operation, still exist because the temperature is low excessively, lead to the unable normal operating's of lithium cell the condition, in order to guarantee the temperature of lithium cell in the operation process, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is the utility model provides a lithium cell protection device second embodiment's structural schematic diagram, lithium cell protection device 200 includes:
a supplementary power supply module 201;
a high voltage detection module 202 coupled to the lithium battery;
a battery management module 203 respectively coupled to the supplementary power module 201 and the high voltage detection module 202;
a starting module 204 coupled to the supplementary power module 201 and the battery management module 203, respectively, wherein the starting module 204 includes a self-reset switch S1, a first relay K6, a second relay K5, a pre-charge resistor R1, and a third relay K3;
the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 205 is coupled to the high voltage detection module 202 and the start module 204, respectively, wherein the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 205 comprises a first anti-reverse diode A1, a second anti-reverse diode A2, a fourth relay K1 and a fifth relay K2;
and a temperature protection module 206 respectively coupled with the supplementary power module 201 and the battery management module 203, wherein the temperature protection module comprises a heating film and a heating relay K4.
In this embodiment, first, the supplementary power module 201 provides power to the high voltage detection module 202 to detect the voltage state of the lithium battery in real time; secondly, the battery management module 203 compares the preset voltage threshold with the detection voltage of the lithium battery to judge whether the lithium battery has the phenomenon of overcharge and overdischarge; then, the starting module 204 realizes slow rectification of the whole circuit under the action of the pre-charging resistor; next, the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 205 adaptively responds to the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon of the lithium battery; further, by setting the temperature protection module 206, the supplementary power module 201 provides power for the temperature protection module 206 in real time, so as to ensure the operation of the temperature protection module 206, obtain the temperature of the lithium battery in real time through the battery management module 203, compare the temperature with the set temperature threshold of the lithium battery, and when the temperature of the lithium battery is lower than the temperature threshold, the battery management module 203 controls the heating relay K4 to close and activate the heating film. The lithium battery is heated through the heating film, and the temperature in the operation process of the lithium battery can be effectively guaranteed.
Preferably, the temperature protection module 206 further includes a heating fuse F1, the heating film wraps the lithium battery, a first end of the heating fuse F1 is coupled with a first end of the heating film, a second end of the heating fuse F1 is coupled with a first end of a heating relay K4, a second end of the heating relay K4 is coupled with an anode of the supplementary power module 201, and a cathode of the supplementary power module 201 is coupled with a second end of the heating film.
In this embodiment, through setting up heating fuse F1, when heating fuse F1's temperature reached preset fusing temperature threshold, heating fuse F1 fusing not only can protect the circuit of temperature protection module 206, can also avoid the problem of the lithium cell explosion that the high temperature of lithium cell operation leads to.
Preferably, lithium battery protection device's operating voltage is inequality with the magnitude of voltage that lithium cell itself provided, consequently, in order to guarantee that lithium battery protection device's operation is normal, and supplementary power module can select to be provided by outside directly, can also reform transform according to lithium cell itself, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is the utility model provides a lithium battery protection device third embodiment's schematic structure diagram, lithium battery protection device 300 includes:
a DCDC power supply 301;
a high voltage detection module 302 coupled to a lithium battery;
a battery management module 303 coupled to the DCDC power supply 301 and the high voltage detection module 302, respectively;
a starting module 304 coupled to the DCDC power supply 301 and the battery management module 303, respectively, wherein the starting module 304 includes a self-reset switch S1, a first relay K6, a second relay K5, a pre-charge resistor R1, and a third relay K3;
the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 305 is coupled with the high voltage detection module 302 and the starting module 304 respectively, wherein the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 305 comprises a first anti-reverse diode A1, a second anti-reverse diode A2, a fourth relay K1 and a fifth relay K2;
and a temperature protection module 306 respectively coupled to the DCDC power supply 301 and the battery management module 303, wherein the temperature protection module includes a heating film and a heating relay K4.
In this embodiment, the DCDC power supply 301 converts the high voltage of the lithium battery into a low voltage for the lithium battery protection device 300 to use, and first, the high voltage detection module 302 detects the voltage state of the lithium battery in real time; secondly, the battery management module 303 compares the preset voltage threshold with the detection voltage of the lithium battery to judge whether the lithium battery has the phenomenon of overcharge and overdischarge; then, the starting module 304 realizes the slow rectification of the whole circuit under the action of the pre-charging resistor; next, the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 305 adaptively responds to the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon of the lithium battery; further, the temperature protection module 306 is arranged to ensure the temperature of the lithium battery in the operation process.
Preferably, in the starting module 304, a first terminal of the self-reset switch S1 is coupled to a positive electrode of the lithium battery and a first terminal of the first relay K6, respectively; a second terminal of the self-reset switch S1 is coupled to a second terminal of the first relay K6 and the positive electrode of the DCDC power supply 301, respectively;
the negative electrode of the DCDC power supply 301 is coupled to the negative electrode of the lithium battery;
pre-charge resistance R1, third relay K3 and second relay K5 are established ties, and pre-charge resistance R1's first end is coupled with the positive pole of lithium cell, and second relay K5's second end is coupled with the negative pole of lithium cell.
In this embodiment, through setting up DCDC power 301, carry the electric quantity in the lithium cell to DCDC power 301, for lithium battery protection device 300 provides sufficient voltage, not only avoided the reliance to external power source to by lithium cell itself for lithium battery protection device 300 provides voltage, the stability of control voltage can be better, guarantee lithium battery protection device 300's operation effect.
Preferably, the starting module 304 further comprises a shunt D, a first terminal of the shunt D being coupled to the negative electrode of the lithium battery, and a second terminal of the shunt D being coupled to the second relay K5.
Preferably, the overcharge-overdischarge protection module 305 further includes a fuse F2, wherein a first end of the fuse F2 is coupled to the positive electrode of the lithium battery, and a second end of the fuse F2 is coupled to a first end of the fourth relay K1 and the positive electrode of the first anti-reverse diode A1, respectively;
the second end of the fourth relay K1 is respectively coupled with the cathode of the first anti-reverse diode A1, the cathode of the second anti-reverse diode A2 and the first end of the fifth relay K2;
the cathode of the first anti-reverse diode A1 is coupled with the cathode of the second anti-reverse diode A2 and the first end of the fifth relay 2 respectively;
the anodes of the second anti-reverse diode A2 are coupled to the second terminal of the fifth relay K2 and the second terminal of the second relay K5, respectively.
In this embodiment, through setting up fuse F2, realize the in-process that charges to the lithium cell, fundamentally is the charge and discharge current of accuse lithium cell, and when the electric current was too big, can realize whole lithium cell protection device 300 and even realize the protection to whole lithium cell through disconnection fuse F2, avoids appearing because the problem that the electric current too big leads to.
Preferably, in other embodiments, the supplementary power module can be supplemented from the outside, as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of the lithium battery protection device provided by the present invention, and the lithium battery protection device 400 includes:
an external supplemental power source 401 comprising an external power source and an air switch S2;
a high voltage detection module 402 coupled to the lithium battery;
a battery management module 403 coupled to the external supplementary power source 401 and the high voltage detection module 402, respectively;
a starting module 404, coupled to the external supplementary power source 401 and the battery management module 403, respectively, wherein the starting module 404 includes a self-reset switch S1, a first relay K6, a second relay K5, a pre-charge resistor R1, and a third relay K3;
the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 405 is coupled to the high voltage detection module 402 and the starting module 404, respectively, wherein the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 405 comprises a first anti-reverse diode A1, a second anti-reverse diode A2, a fourth relay K1 and a fifth relay K2;
and a temperature protection module 406 respectively coupled to the external supplementary power source 401 and the battery management module 403, wherein the temperature protection module includes a heating film and a heating relay K4.
In this embodiment, an external supplementary power source 401 provides power for the lithium battery protection device 400, and first, the high voltage detection module 402 detects the voltage state of the lithium battery in real time; secondly, the battery management module 403 compares the preset voltage threshold with the detection voltage of the lithium battery to determine whether the lithium battery has the phenomenon of overcharge and overdischarge; then, the starting module 404 realizes slow rectification of the whole circuit under the action of the pre-charging resistor; next, the overcharge and overdischarge protection module 405 adaptively responds to the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon of the lithium battery; further, the temperature protection module 406 is arranged to ensure the temperature of the lithium battery in the operation process.
In this embodiment, through setting up outside supplementary power supply 401, realize supplying power to lithium battery protection device 400 for lithium battery protection device 400 can the independent operation, under the prerequisite that does not influence lithium battery running state, can also avoid the overcharge overdischarge problem of lithium cell.
Preferably, the positive pole of the external power source is coupled to the first terminal of the idle switch S2, the second terminal of the idle switch S2 is coupled to the second terminal of the self-reset switch S1, and the negative pole of the external power source is coupled to the second terminal of the second relay K5.
Preferably, the battery management module 403 further includes a display screen capable of displaying the detection result of the lithium battery protection device 400 and the detection result of the high voltage detection module 402, so as to find out problems, and thus, the adjustment can be performed quickly.
By the above mode, firstly, the supplementary power module provides sufficient running power for the whole lithium battery protection device; then, starting the lithium battery protection device by the starting module, performing device self-inspection on the lithium battery protection device, and displaying a self-inspection result through a display screen when the self-inspection is abnormal, so that problems can be found conveniently; when the self-checking is normal, the battery management module controls components in the overcharge and overdischarge protection module according to the detection result of the high-voltage detection module, so that the lithium battery is protected, the overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon is avoided, and the service life of the lithium battery is ensured.
In order to solve the problem, the utility model also provides a lithium battery protection system, include as above lithium battery protection device.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a lithium battery protection device, is connected with the lithium cell, its characterized in that includes:
a supplementary power module;
a high voltage detection module coupled to the lithium battery;
the battery management module is respectively coupled with the supplementary power supply module and the high-voltage detection module;
a start module respectively coupled with the supplementary power module and the battery management module, wherein the start module comprises a self-reset switch, a first relay, a second relay, a pre-charge resistor and a third relay;
and the overcharge and overdischarge protection module is coupled with the high-voltage detection module and the starting module respectively, and comprises a first anti-reverse diode, a second anti-reverse diode, a fourth relay and a fifth relay.
2. The lithium battery protection device of claim 1, further comprising a temperature protection module coupled to the supplementary power module and the battery management module, respectively, wherein the temperature protection module comprises a heating film and a heating relay.
3. The lithium battery protection device of claim 2, wherein the temperature protection module further comprises a heating fuse.
4. The lithium battery protection device of claim 3, wherein the heating film wraps around the lithium battery, a first end of the heating fuse is coupled to a first end of the heating film, a second end of the heating fuse is coupled to a first end of the heating relay, a second end of the heating relay is coupled to a positive pole of the supplemental power module, and a negative pole of the supplemental power module is coupled to a second end of the heating film.
5. The lithium battery protection device of claim 1, wherein the supplemental power module comprises a DCDC power supply.
6. The lithium battery protection device according to claim 5, wherein in the starting module, a first end of the self-reset switch is respectively coupled with a positive electrode of the lithium battery and a first end of the first relay; a second terminal of the self-reset switch is respectively coupled with a second terminal of the first relay and a positive electrode of the DCDC power supply;
a negative electrode of the DCDC power supply is coupled with a negative electrode of the lithium battery;
the pre-charging resistor, the third relay and the second relay are connected in series, the first end of the pre-charging resistor is coupled with the anode of the lithium battery, and the second end of the second relay is coupled with the cathode of the lithium battery.
7. The lithium battery protection device of claim 6, wherein the starting module further comprises a shunt, a first end of the shunt coupled to the negative electrode of the lithium battery, and a second end of the shunt coupled to the second relay.
8. The lithium battery protection device of claim 1, wherein the overcharge and overdischarge protection module further comprises a fuse;
wherein a first terminal of the fuse is coupled to an anode of the lithium battery, and a second terminal of the fuse is coupled to a first terminal of the fourth relay and an anode of the first anti-reverse diode, respectively;
a second end of the fourth relay is coupled with a cathode of the first anti-reverse diode, a cathode of the second anti-reverse diode and a first end of the fifth relay respectively;
the negative electrode of the first anti-reverse diode is coupled with the negative electrode of the second anti-reverse diode and the first end of the fifth relay respectively;
the anodes of the second anti-reverse diodes are coupled to the second terminal of the fifth relay and the second terminal of the second relay, respectively.
9. The lithium battery protection device of claim 1, wherein the supplemental power module further comprises an external power source and an idle switch, wherein a positive terminal of the external power source is coupled to a first terminal of the idle switch, a second terminal of the idle switch is coupled to a second terminal of the self-reset switch, and a negative terminal of the external power source is coupled to a second terminal of the second relay.
10. A lithium battery protection system, characterized by comprising a lithium battery protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202222218190.7U CN217984639U (en) | 2022-08-23 | 2022-08-23 | Lithium battery protection device and system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116699425A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-05 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | A battery detection method, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116699425A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-05 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | A battery detection method, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product |
| CN116699425B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2024-04-12 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Battery detection method, electronic device, storage medium and program product |
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