CN217809268U - Coal gasifier with mixed wall powder of refractory brick and water-cooled wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a resistant firebrick and water-cooled wall mix fine coal gasifier of jade and jade, belong to coal chemical industry and equip technical field. The gasification furnace is sequentially provided with a primary reaction chamber, a secondary reaction chamber and a chilling chamber from top to bottom, wherein a coal feeding pipe opening is formed in the top of the primary reaction chamber, a start-up fuel gas feeding pipe opening and at least two primary oxygen feeding pipe openings are formed in the upper portion of the primary reaction chamber, at least two secondary oxygen feeding pipe openings are formed in the upper portion of the secondary reaction chamber, at least two chilling water distributors are arranged on the upper portion of the chilling chamber and connected with a water inlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline extends into an inner cavity of an ascending pipe, and a coarse slag discharging pipe opening is formed in the bottom end of the gasification furnace. The utility model discloses the gasifier need not the nozzle, has effectively avoided traditional nozzle gasifier periodic replacement and investment and the parking that the maintenance brought.

Description

Coal gasifier with mixed wall powder of refractory brick and water-cooled wall

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry equipment, a resistant firebrick/water-cooling wall mix jade-wall buggy gasification stove is related to.

Background

The natural resource characteristics of China determine that coal still serves as main energy of China and coal energy as important components of energy structures of China for a long time, and the natural resource characteristics play a crucial role in ensuring the energy supply safety of China, and the coal chemical industry is directly related to the energy strategic development and planning of China as a powerful means for realizing the efficient utilization of coal resources. Coal gasification is used as a clean coal technology, reliable guarantee is provided for sustainable development of the coal chemical industry in China, and a gasification furnace is used as key coal gasification equipment, so that the development of the coal chemical industry is influenced. For this reason, various gasifiers for converting raw coal into gas have been designed, such as fixed bed gasifiers, circulating fluidized bed gasifiers, entrained flow gasifiers, etc., but each gasifier has a separate gasifierAnd (4) advantages and disadvantages. The burner of the gasification furnace is a difficult problem for restricting the long-term operation of the gasification furnace, has a complex structure, is difficult to operate and is a key for the long-term stable and safe operation of the gasification furnace; the gasification reaction chamber of the existing gasification furnace generally uses a refractory brick lining, and the service life of the refractory brick is seriously influenced by the erosion corrosion and the hot corrosion of the refractory brick; in addition, the dry coal dust feed requires the use of a large amount of carrier gas (usually N) ₂ ) The carrier gas enters the gasification furnace along with the pulverized coal, which affects the thermal efficiency and the economical efficiency of the gasification furnace. Therefore, a gasification device with reasonable structure, long service life, economy and high efficiency needs to be designed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a mixed fine coal gasification equipment of jade and sand of resistant firebrick/water-cooling wall for the equipment of production clean synthetic gas.

The purpose of the utility model can be realized by the following technical proposal:

the utility model provides a resistant firebrick and water-cooling wall mix jade-like buggy gasifier, this gasifier from the top down is equipped with one-level reaction chamber, second grade reaction chamber and chilling chamber in proper order, the top of one-level reaction chamber be equipped with the coal feedstock mouth of pipe, upper portion is equipped with and starts worker fuel gas feedstock mouth of pipe and two at least oxygen feedstock mouth of pipe, the upper portion of second grade reaction chamber be equipped with two at least secondary oxygen feedstock mouth of pipe, chilling chamber upper portion be equipped with two at least chilling moisture distributor and link to each other with the inlet channel, the inlet channel stretch into in the inner chamber of tedge, the bottom of gasifier is equipped with coarse slag discharging pipe mouth.

The utility model discloses among the technical scheme: the first-stage reaction chamber is lined with refractory bricks.

The utility model discloses among the technical scheme: the inner wall of the secondary reaction chamber is provided with a membrane type water-cooling wall, the top of the membrane type water-cooling wall is provided with a boiler water discharging pipe orifice, and the bottom of the membrane type water-cooling wall is provided with a boiler water feeding pipe orifice.

The utility model discloses among the technical scheme: the water inlet pipeline is provided with a plurality of chilling water nozzles.

The utility model discloses among the technical scheme: and the upper part of the chilling chamber is provided with a raw synthesis gas discharging pipe orifice.

The utility model discloses the technique provides a fine coal gasification equipment, a no nozzle multistage formula fine coal dense phase transport gasifier, and gasification pressure 100bar mixes jade reactive chamber and hypomere chilling chamber including the upper segment. The upper section reaction chamber is divided into two parts, the upper part is a primary reaction chamber, firebricks are lined in the reaction chamber, the center of the top of the primary reaction chamber is provided with a dry coal powder inlet, and four primary gasifying agent feed inlets are uniformly arranged along the circumference near the dry coal powder inlet; the lower part is a secondary reaction chamber, a membrane water-cooled wall is adopted, and two secondary gasifying agent feeding pipe orifices are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the secondary reaction chamber. A lower quench chamber.

The chilling chamber is provided with a chilling water distributor, a down pipe, an ascending pipe, a chilling water nozzle, a slag discharging port and a crude synthesis gas outlet, and the bottom of the chilling chamber is provided with a slag discharging system.

And when the gasifier is started, a start-up burner is arranged to preheat and boost the gasifier. Dry coal powder enters the upper primary gasification reaction chamber from a top pipe orifice through a dense-phase conveying system, is fully mixed and dried with a small amount of primary oxygen, is subjected to pyrolysis reaction at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to release volatile gas, and the operating temperature is lower than the ash melting point temperature. Part of the converted dry coal powder flows downwards into a secondary gasification reaction chamber with larger inner diameter through a communication port, a small amount of coal powder and oxygen are subjected to oxidation reaction to ensure that the temperature of a gasification area reaches over 1000 ℃, most of the coal powder and secondary oxygen are further reacted and completely converted to generate combustible gas, and the operation temperature is about 50-100 ℃ higher than the liquefaction temperature of ash slag. The high-temperature gas flowing upwards from the gasification zone provides heat required by coal dust pyrolysis for the pyrolysis zone and maintains the temperature of the pyrolysis zone at 500-600 ℃. The residual slag after the reaction is brought into a chilling chamber by the crude synthesis gas, the crude synthesis gas is sequentially subjected to processes of chilling water distributor cooling, downcomer spraying, water bath washing and the like in the chilling chamber, the processes of cooling, humidifying, dedusting and washing are completed, the crude synthesis gas carrying a small amount of fine ash finally leaves the gasification furnace in a saturated state, and the crude slag is rapidly solidified and then falls into a slag discharge port to be discharged out of the gasification furnace.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model discloses the gasifier need not the nozzle, has effectively avoided traditional nozzle gasifier periodic replacement and the investment and the parking that the maintenance brought. Secondly the utility model discloses the gasifier adopts two-stage gasification reaction chamber, and second grade gasification reaction chamber operating temperature is higher than ash melting point temperature, and the lower membrane type water-cooled wall of temperature takes place to deposit and solidify is touchd to the slag of fuse state, and along with the increase of slag blanket thickness, solid-state slag blanket thermal resistance increases, leads to solid-state slag surface temperature to rise, and solid-state slag blanket and the difference in temperature of double-layered jacket cooling water increase, make the solidification on slag blanket surface and melt and form dynamic balance, reach the purpose of "anti sediment with the sediment". The slag layer formed on the furnace wall can effectively protect the water jacket from being eroded by high temperature, is superior to a refractory brick type, and effectively solves the problems of complex structure, frequent lining replacement, higher operation cost, higher maintenance difficulty and the like of the gasification furnace. Thirdly, the chilling water distributor is used as a main cooling mode, and the down pipe spraying is used as an auxiliary cooling mode, so that the down pipe can be effectively protected and protected while the synthetic gas is cooled and dedusted. Fourthly, when the conventional pulverized coal is conveyed in a dense phase, the conveying carrier gas and the pulverized coal enter the gasification furnace together, so that on one hand, the oxygen content in a combustion space is reduced, the specific oxygen consumption in the gasification process is increased, and the economy is reduced; on the other hand adsorbs that the carrier gas at buggy particle surface and gas pocket comes too late desorption, influences the thermal efficiency of gasifier, simultaneously, conventional fine coal dense phase delivery pressure can only reach 40bar at present to the utmost, the utility model discloses a gravity fine coal feeding, required carrier capacity is few, effectively improves the thermal efficiency and the economic nature of gasifier.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;

in the figure, 1 is a coal feeding pipe orifice, 2 is a primary oxygen feeding pipe orifice, 3 is a start-up fuel gas feeding pipe orifice, 4 is a secondary oxygen feeding pipe orifice, 5 is a chilling water feeding pipe orifice, 6 is a crude synthesis gas discharging pipe orifice, 7 is a coarse slag discharging pipe orifice, 8 is a boiler water feeding pipe orifice, 9 is a boiler water discharging pipe orifice, 10 is a chilling water nozzle 1 water inlet pipe orifice, 11 is a chilling water nozzle 2 water inlet pipe orifice, 12 is a refractory wall, 13 is a membrane water wall, 14 is a chilling water distributor, 15 is a descending pipe, 16 is an ascending pipe, and 17 is a mixed wall gasification furnace.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the following embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:

as shown in figure 1, a fire brick and water-cooled wall mixed wall coal powder gasification furnace is sequentially provided with a primary reaction chamber, a secondary reaction chamber and a chilling chamber from top to bottom, the top of the primary reaction chamber is provided with a coal feeding pipe orifice 1, the upper part of the primary reaction chamber is provided with a start-up fuel gas feeding pipe orifice 3 and at least two primary oxygen feeding pipe orifices 2, the upper part of the secondary reaction chamber is provided with at least two secondary oxygen feeding pipe orifices 4, the upper part of the chilling chamber is provided with at least two chilling water distributor 14 connected with a water inlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline extends into the inner cavity of an ascending pipe 16, and the bottom end of the gasification furnace is provided with a coarse slag discharging pipe orifice 7. The first-stage reaction chamber is lined with refractory bricks. The inner wall of the secondary reaction chamber is provided with a membrane water-cooling wall, the top of the membrane water-cooling wall is provided with a boiler water discharging pipe opening 9, and the bottom of the membrane water-cooling wall is provided with a boiler water feeding pipe opening 8. The water inlet pipeline is provided with a plurality of chilling water nozzles. The upper part of the chilling chamber is provided with a raw synthesis gas discharging pipe orifice 6.

The specific work engineering is as follows:

the start-up fuel gas enters the gasification furnace through the top side pipe orifice 3 for start-up temperature rise and pressurization, and the gasification furnace is charged when the temperature rises to more than 800 ℃; dry pulverized coal is dried, crushed and screened, and enters a primary gasification reaction chamber of the gasification furnace from a central pipe orifice 1 at the top of the gasification furnace by using a pulverized coal conveying system, and about 20-50% of primary oxygen enters the primary gasification reaction chamber from pipe orifices 2 (2) symmetrically arranged at the top; the secondary oxygen enters the gasification furnace through 4 (2) symmetrically arranged pipe orifices of the secondary gasification reaction chamber. The temperature of the secondary gasification reaction is controlled to be 1200-1500 ℃ (higher than the melting point of coal ash by 50-100 ℃) by adjusting the flow of oxygen, and the reaction pressure is 40-100bar. The dry coal powder and about 20-50% of primary oxygen are subjected to pyrolysis reaction at 500-600 ℃, the retention time of primary gasification reaction is about 1s, part of unconverted dry coal powder and pyrolysis products in the conversion rate of the coal powder downwards enter a secondary reaction chamber at the flow rate of 1m/s and are completely reacted with a large amount of oxygen to generate crude synthesis gas, the diameter of the secondary gasification reaction chamber is 1.2-1.5 times of that of the primary gasification chamber, the retention time of the secondary gasification chamber is about 2s, the pulverized coal is almost completely converted in the secondary gasification chamber, and the conversion rate is more than 99%. The secondary gasification chamber is provided with a membrane water wall, boiler water enters the water wall from a boiler water inlet 8, the boiler water flows out from a boiler water outlet 9 after absorbing gasification reaction heat, and the boiler water after absorbing heat is used for producing high-pressure steam. After passing through the secondary reaction chamber, a large amount of high-temperature synthesis gas is cooled by chilling water sprayed by a chilling water distributor 14, the chilling water enters the chilling water distributor 14 in the chilling chamber through pipe orifices 5 (2) on the chilling chamber side, the synthesis gas is chilled after being dispersed by the chilling water distributor 14, meanwhile, in order to prevent the temperature of the synthesis gas from being overhigh, a descending pipe is protected, a secondary cooling system is arranged on the circumference of the descending pipe, the cooling water enters the descending pipe through a plurality of groups of nozzles 10 and nozzles 11 (a plurality of nozzles are arranged along the circumference of the descending pipe), a water film is formed on the inner wall of the descending pipe for protecting and cooling, the crude synthesis gas is cooled to about 250 ℃ through the chilling water distributor, the descending pipe and a water bath and then leaves the gasifier through an ascending pipe 16 and pipe orifices 6, and the crude slag is cooled to be separated from the crude synthesis gas and discharged through a bottom slag discharge port 7.

The technical scheme of the utility model adopt sectional type gasification reacting chamber, dry coal powder charge-in system, no nozzle, one-level gasification reacting chamber adopts resistant firebrick, and the second grade reacting chamber adopts the diaphragm type water-cooling wall, has improved the reliability and the long period production of gasifier operation, and reduction equipment cost can be used to systems such as coal gasification power generation, chemical industry synthesis.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a fire brick and water-cooled wall mix a powder coal gasifier which characterized in that: this gasifier from the top down is equipped with one-level reaction chamber, second grade reaction chamber and chilling chamber in proper order, the top of one-level reaction chamber be equipped with coal feeding mouth of pipe (1), upper portion is equipped with and starts worker fuel gas feeding mouth of pipe (3) and at least two oxygen feeding mouth of pipe (2), the upper portion of second grade reaction chamber be equipped with two at least secondary oxygen feeding mouth of pipe (4), chilling chamber upper portion be equipped with two at least chilling moisture distributor (14) and link to each other with the inlet channel, the inlet channel stretch into in the inner chamber of tedge (16), the bottom of gasifier is equipped with coarse slag discharging pipe mouth (7).

2. The refractory brick and water-cooled wall mixed wall coal gasifier of claim 1, wherein: the first-stage reaction chamber is lined with refractory bricks.

3. The refractory brick and water-cooled wall mixed wall coal gasifier of claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the secondary reaction chamber is provided with a membrane water-cooling wall, the top of the membrane water-cooling wall is provided with a boiler water discharging pipe orifice (9), and the bottom of the membrane water-cooling wall is provided with a boiler water feeding pipe orifice (8).

4. The refractory brick and waterwall mixed wall coal gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water inlet pipeline is provided with a plurality of chilling water nozzles.

5. The refractory brick and waterwall mixed wall coal gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the chilling chamber is provided with a raw synthesis gas discharging pipe orifice (6).

Images