CN217753883U - Articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machinery - Google Patents
Articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN217753883U CN217753883U CN202221888830.9U CN202221888830U CN217753883U CN 217753883 U CN217753883 U CN 217753883U CN 202221888830 U CN202221888830 U CN 202221888830U CN 217753883 U CN217753883 U CN 217753883U
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 148
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a steering mechanism, in order to solve the problem that the steering spacing buffering effect is poor to the front and rear frame through installing the elastic collision buffer device in the current articulated frame steering mechanism, the utility model discloses construct an articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machinery, the steering cylinder has annular buffering oil duct and cushion collar in the steering mechanism; the circumferential side surface of the buffer sleeve is sequentially provided with a variable cross-section and an extension section from the head end to the tail end; the minimum section area of a fit clearance between the buffer sleeve and the cylinder cover is decreased progressively along with the increasing of the insertion depth of the variable section, and the head end of the extension section is not changed after being inserted; and the distance between AB points at the rotating centers of the two ends of the oil cylinder when the front frame and the rear frame rotate at the maximum angle is larger than or equal to the distance between the AB points when the tail end of the variable cross-section is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct, and is smaller than the distance between the AB points when the piston contacts with the cylinder cover. The utility model discloses a hydro-cylinder buffering speed reduction, elastic collision buffer collision contact is spacing, and the reduction strikes when turning to, improves the travelling comfort.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a steering mechanism, more specifically say, relate to an articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machine tool.
Background
In the field of construction machinery, some construction machinery such as loaders, graders and road rollers adopt an articulated frame. The articulated frame comprises a front frame and a rear frame which are articulated through a pin shaft. The left side and the right side of a hinge joint of the front frame and the rear frame are respectively provided with a steering oil cylinder, two ends of each steering oil cylinder are respectively connected with the front frame and the rear frame, and the front frame and the rear frame are pushed to relatively rotate around a pin shaft by the telescopic action of the steering oil cylinders, so that the engineering machinery is steered.
In the conventional articulated frame steering mechanism, in order to prevent the front and rear frames from being violently collided when the front and rear frames are rotated to the maximum steering angle, an elastic collision buffer device is generally installed between the front and rear frames. The elastic part in the elastic collision buffer device is usually a rubber block, and the rubber block easily loses the elastic buffer function due to excessive extrusion in the using process. In addition, in the elastic crash cushion device, the elastic force is in direct correlation with the degree of compression of the rubber block, and the greater the degree of compression, the greater the elastic force, and the greater the steering crash cushion acceleration. In the steering process, at the end point of a steering stroke, the steering collision buffer acceleration is increased along with the increase of a steering angle and reaches the maximum value at the end point, the collision severity reaches the maximum, and a steering collision buffer acceleration curve with a comfortable collision deceleration effect is difficult to obtain by designing an elastic part.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to turn to the poor problem of spacing buffering effect through adorning elastic collision buffer to preceding back frame among the current articulated frame steering mechanism, and provide an articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machine tool, improve spacing buffering effect.
The utility model discloses a realize that the technical scheme of its purpose is like: the articulated frame steering mechanism comprises a front frame, a rear frame, steering oil cylinders and an elastic collision buffer device, wherein the steering oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the articulated joint of the frames, and the elastic collision buffer device is arranged on the front frame and the rear frame and used for limiting the maximum rotation angle of the front frame and the rear frame; the circumferential side surface of the buffer sleeve is sequentially provided with a variable cross-section and an extension section from the head end to the tail end; the minimum cross-sectional area of the fit clearance between the buffer sleeve and the cylinder cover decreases progressively from the head end of the variable cross-section to the tail end of the variable cross-section along with the increasing insertion depth of the buffer sleeve, and the minimum cross-sectional area of the fit clearance does not change progressively along with the increasing insertion depth of the buffer sleeve after the head end of the extension section is inserted;
when the front frame and the rear frame rotate to the maximum rotation angle relatively, the distance between the point A and the point B is larger than or equal to the distance between the point A and the point B when the tail end of the variable cross section of the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct, and is smaller than the distance between the point A and the point B when a piston of the steering oil cylinder contacts with a cylinder cover.
The utility model discloses in, when the relative turned angle of front and back frame is close maximum turned angle, its piston rod that corresponds side steering cylinder stretches out and inserts annular buffering oil duct to the cushion collar for the flow area between hydraulic fluid port is connected to loculus and loculus reduces, and the piston rod stretching speed reduces, realizes the hydraulic cushion. Before the extension section is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct, the flow area between the small cavity and the small cavity connecting oil port is gradually decreased along with the increasing of the inserting depth of the buffer sleeve, correspondingly, the extending speed of the piston rod is also gradually decreased, when the variable section is completely inserted into the annular buffer oil duct, the flow area between the small cavity and the small cavity connecting oil port is kept unchanged along with the increasing of the inserting depth of the buffer sleeve, the extending speed of the piston rod is also kept unchanged, and the piston rod extends out at the speed reduced in the inserting process of the variable section. In the process that the extension section of the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct, the front frame and the rear frame stop rotating through elastic collision limit of the elastic collision buffer device, and in the process that the front frame and the rear frame stop rotating through collision, a piston of the steering oil cylinder cannot be in contact with a cylinder cover, so that the steering oil cylinder cannot be damaged due to rigid contact collision of the piston and the cylinder cover. The front and rear frames are in contact limit stop at the rotation end point through the elastic collision buffer device, and the speed reduction buffer is carried out through the matching of the buffer sleeve and the cylinder cover before collision, so that the extrusion degree of an elastic part in the elastic collision buffer device is slight, the damage to the elastic collision buffer device is small, the impact strength is low, and the steering operation comfort level of the machine is improved.
The utility model discloses in, the distance between A point and the B point when frame relative rotation is to the biggest turned angle around, be around the frame through the spacing distance between the rotation central point A point and the B point at steering cylinder both ends when stopping rotating of elastic collision buffer collision.
The distance between the point A and the point B when the tail end of the variable cross-section of the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct is the distance between the point A and the point B of the rotation center points at the two ends of the steering oil cylinder when the minimum cross-sectional area of clearance fit between the buffer sleeve and the cylinder cover is not reduced any more, and the distance is usually the distance between the point A and the point B of the rotation center points at the two ends of the steering oil cylinder when the head end of the extension section of the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct.
The distance between the points A and B when the piston of the steering oil cylinder contacts the cylinder cover refers to the distance between the points A and B of the rotating central points at the two ends of the steering oil cylinder when the front end and the rear end of the steering oil cylinder are not connected with the front frame and the rear frame, and the oil is continuously filled in the large cavity of the oil cylinder until the piston contacts the cylinder cover, namely the distance between the points A and B of the rotating central points at the two ends of the steering oil cylinder when the piston rod of the steering oil cylinder reaches the maximum extending stroke. The utility model discloses in, when the front and back frame passed through the spacing stop of elastic collision buffer collision, steering cylinder's piston rod stretches out the stroke and has not reached the biggest yet.
The utility model discloses among the articulated bogie steering mechanism, on the cylinder cap with cushion collar circumference side complex inner bore wall is the face of cylinder, the variable cross section of cushion collar circumference side comprises conical surface section and the chamfer section that is located conical surface section head end, the extension section of cushion collar circumference side is the face of cylinder that the diameter equals or is less than the terminal diameter of conical surface section. In the process that the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct, the cross section area of a fit clearance between the circumferential side surface of the buffer sleeve and the cylinder cover is gradually reduced, and the extension speed of the piston rod is gradually reduced; in the process that the variable-section is completely inserted and the extension section is gradually inserted into the annular buffer oil passage, the cross-sectional area of a fit clearance between the circumferential side surface of the buffer sleeve and the cylinder cover is kept unchanged, and the extension speed of the piston rod is correspondingly kept unchanged.
The utility model discloses among the articulated frame steering mechanism, be provided with on the piston rod and be used for spacing step to cushion collar head end face contaction, the cushion collar suit that floats be in spacing step with between the piston, the rod cover fit clearance that can supply the fluid circulation has between the interior pore wall face of cushion collar and the piston rod, the cushion collar end has the radial passageway with the radial intercommunication of rod cover fit clearance and loculus, cushion collar head end terminal surface with the cooperation plane can be hugged closely each other to spacing step terminal surface.
The floating sleeve is characterized in that the distance between the limiting step and the piston is larger than the axial length of the buffer sleeve, so that the buffer sleeve can axially move between the limiting step and the piston, meanwhile, the diameter of an inner hole of the buffer sleeve is larger than the diameter of the installation position of the buffer sleeve on the piston rod, the buffer sleeve can have a certain moving space in the radial direction relative to the piston rod, and a rod sleeve fit clearance for oil liquid circulation is formed between the buffer sleeve and the piston rod. When the buffering sleeve of the floating sleeve is inserted into the annular buffering oil passage, the buffering sleeve is in clearance fit with the piston rod and the cylinder cover in a self-adaptive adjustment mode.
When the cushion collar inserted annular buffering oil duct, loculus pressure was greater than the pressure that the oil mouth department was connected to the loculus, and the cushion collar removes under the effect of loculus oil hydraulic pressure, and the head end terminal surface of cushion collar laminates with the terminal surface of spacing step, does not have the circulation clearance that supplies the fluid flow in the pole cover fit clearance to annular buffering oil duct between cushion collar head end and the spacing step.
When the buffer sleeve withdraws from the annular buffer oil duct (when the piston rod retracts to start), the hydraulic pressure of the small cavity connecting oil port is greater than the pressure of the small cavity, the head end of the buffer sleeve is separated from the limiting step end face, and oil of the small cavity connecting oil port can enter a rod sleeve fit clearance through a clearance between the head end face of the buffer sleeve and the limiting step end face. The oil liquid of the small cavity connecting oil port flows to the small cavity through the fit clearance between the buffer sleeve and the annular buffer oil duct and also flows to the small cavity through the rod sleeve fit clearance, the throttling valve does not play a damping role on the oil liquid flowing to the small cavity, and the steering oil cylinder can be quickly started.
Through the structure, when the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct and withdrawn from the annular buffer oil duct, different flow areas are formed between the small cavity and the small cavity connecting oil port, the flow area is small when the buffer sleeve is inserted, and the extension speed of the piston rod is low; the flow area is large when the buffer sleeve is withdrawn, and the retraction starting speed of the piston rod is high.
In the articulated bogie steering mechanism of the utility model, a flow area adjusting oil duct which is communicated with the small cavity and the small cavity connecting oil port is arranged on the cylinder cover, and a throttle valve which is installed through thread fit is arranged in the flow area adjusting oil duct; or the piston rod is provided with a flow area adjusting oil passage which is communicated with the fit clearance of the rod sleeve and the small cavity connecting oil port; the flow area adjusting oil duct is L-shaped, the outlet of the radial section of the flow area adjusting oil duct is located on the cylindrical surface of the piston rod, the outlet of the axial section of the flow area adjusting oil duct is located on the end face of the limiting step, and a throttling valve which is installed in a threaded fit mode is arranged in the radial section.
The oil in the small cavity flows to the small cavity connecting oil port through a fit clearance between the buffer sleeve and the annular buffer oil duct and also flows to the small cavity connecting oil port through the flow area adjusting oil duct. The flow area of the adjustable flow area adjusting oil duct can be adjusted by selecting the throttle valves with different specifications, so that the change rate of the extension speed of the piston rod when the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct is adjusted, and different buffer effects can be realized by adapting to different machine types.
The utility model discloses among the articulated frame steering mechanism, the position department that is close to the piston end face at piston rod cylindrical surface be provided with the terminal annular slot of radial passage and rod cover fit clearance intercommunication. The radial channel is formed by a plurality of radial notches arranged on the end face of the tail end of the extension section of the buffer sleeve. Or a plurality of radial through holes arranged on the end surface of the extension section of the buffer sleeve close to the tail end. The rod sleeve fit clearance is a cylindrical channel, the radial channels are arranged on the buffer sleeve and are discretely distributed along the circumferential direction at intervals, and the tail end annular groove plays a role in communicating the rod sleeve fit clearance with the radial channels, so that oil can better circulate.
The utility model discloses among the articulated bogie steering mechanism, the position department that is close to spacing step terminal surface at piston rod cylindrical surface be provided with the head end annular groove of flow area regulation oil duct and rod cover fit clearance intercommunication. The annular groove at the head end plays a role in communicating a fit clearance of the rod sleeve with the flow area adjusting oil passage, so that oil can better flow.
The utility model discloses a realize that the technical scheme of its purpose is like: a construction machine is constructed, which is characterized by having the aforementioned articulated frame bogie mechanism. Such a working machine has an articulated frame, which may be a loader, a grader, a roller or the like.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses in the steering cylinder cushions the speed reduction when the stroke that turns to is close the terminal point, frame relative pivoted slew velocity around reducing, the violent degree of frame collision when the stroke that turns to terminal point around reducing improves the life who turns to operation travelling comfort and elastic collision buffer, when the stroke that turns to is close the terminal point, and the hydro-cylinder piston can not the rigid contact with the cylinder cap, can not make steering cylinder cause the rigid impact damage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the articulated frame steering mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the state of the front and rear frames rotating to the maximum steering angle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle steering cylinder of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the utility model discloses in the front and back frame rotate to the maximum steering angle the cooperation state schematic diagram of cushion collar and cylinder cap.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the middle buffer sleeve of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the steering cylinder of the present invention.
Part names and serial numbers in the figure:
the steering device comprises a steering oil cylinder 100, a rear frame 101, a front frame 102 and a pin shaft 103.
The hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder head 1, a cylinder barrel 2, a cylinder cover 3, a piston 4, a piston rod 5, a large cavity 6, a small cavity 7, a small cavity connecting oil port 8, a large cavity connecting oil port 9, a buffer sleeve 10, a flow area adjusting oil duct 11, a throttle valve 12, a rod sleeve fit clearance 13, a tail end annular groove 14, a head end annular groove 15, a radial through hole 16, an annular buffer oil duct 17 and a radial notch 18.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are schematic structural views of an articulated frame steering mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. The articulated frame steering mechanism comprises a front frame 102, a rear frame 101 and two steering cylinders 100. The front frame 102 and the rear frame 101 are hinged through a pin shaft 103, the two steering oil cylinders 100 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the hinged point of the front frame and the rear frame, one end of each steering oil cylinder 100 is hinged with the front frame 102, and the hinged rotating center is a point B; the other end of the steering cylinder 100 is hinged with the rear frame 101, and the hinged rotation center is a point A.
The front frame 102 can rotate around the pin 103 relative to the rear frame 101 under the pushing of the two steering cylinders, thereby realizing the swinging steering of the frame. As shown in fig. 2, when the front frame 102 is rotated rightward with respect to the rear frame 101, the right-side steering cylinder piston rod is retracted, and the left-side steering cylinder piston rod is extended. Correspondingly, when the front frame 102 rotates left relative to the rear frame 101, the left steering cylinder piston rod retracts, and the right steering cylinder piston rod extends.
An elastic collision buffer device (not shown) is mounted on the front frame 102 and the rear frame 101, and the elastic collision buffer device generally includes an elastic body (generally an elastic rubber column) and a collision plate, the elastic body is fixedly mounted on the rear frame 101, the collision plate is fixed on the front frame 102, when the front frame 102 rotates to a maximum steering angle relative to the rear frame 101, the collision plate collides with the elastic body and extrudes the elastic body, and the front frame is limited to continue rotating relative to the rear frame, so that the maximum steering angle of the front frame and the rear frame is limited.
In an articulated frame steering mechanism, two pairs of elastic collision buffer devices are usually arranged on the left side and the right side of a hinge point of a front frame and a rear frame respectively and are used for limiting collision of the front frame and the rear frame when the frames rotate at the maximum angle during left steering and right steering respectively.
The large cavity of the left steering oil cylinder is communicated with the small cavity of the right steering oil cylinder through a pipeline, and the lower cavity of the left steering oil cylinder is communicated with the large cavity of the right steering oil cylinder through a pipeline, so that the two steering oil cylinders synchronously and reversely stretch.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a steering cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The steering oil cylinder of the steering oil cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel 2, a cylinder head 1 and a cylinder cover 3, wherein the cylinder head 1 and the cylinder cover 3 are fixedly connected to the two ends of the cylinder barrel, a piston 4 is positioned in the cylinder barrel 2, and an inner cavity formed by the cylinder barrel 2, the cylinder cover 3 and the cylinder head 1 is divided into a large cavity 6 and a small cavity 7. The cylinder head 1 is provided with a large cavity connecting oil port 9 communicated with the large cavity 6, and a small cavity connecting oil port 8 is arranged at the matched connection position of the cylinder barrel 2 and the cylinder cover 3. One end of the piston rod 5 extends into the cylinder barrel 2 from the hole on the cylinder cover 3 and is fixedly connected with the piston 4.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the floating sleeve is provided with a buffering sleeve 10 at the position of the piston rod 5 close to the piston 4, an annular buffering oil passage 17 is formed between the inner hole of the cylinder cover 3 and the piston rod 5, the small cavity connecting oil port 8 is communicated with the small cavity 6 through the annular buffering oil passage 17, the piston rod 5 stretches out to be close to the stroke end, the buffering sleeve 10 is inserted into the annular buffering oil passage 17, the flow area of the annular buffering oil passage 17 is reduced, the speed of outflow of oil in the small cavity 7 is reduced, the stretching speed of the piston rod 5 is reduced, and the oil cylinder buffering is realized.
As shown in fig. 4, the circumferential side of the cushion collar 10 is sequentially a chamfer section C, a conical section B and a cylindrical section a from the head end to the tail end, wherein the chamfer section C and the conical section B form a variable interface section, and the cylindrical section a forms an extension section.
The diameter of the conical surface section B is gradually increased from the head end to the tail end, and the diameter of the head end and the tail end of the cylindrical surface section A is unchanged and is equal to the diameter of the tail end of the conical surface section B. When the piston rod 5 extends and moves to approach the end of the extending stroke, the chamfer section C, the conical section B and the cylindrical surface section A on the buffer sleeve 10 sequentially enter the annular buffer oil duct. The clearance between the circumferential side face of the chamfer section of the buffer sleeve 10 and the wall surface of the inner hole of the cylinder cover is larger, so that the buffer sleeve 10 which is in floating sleeving can be conveniently inserted into the inner hole (namely the annular buffer oil duct) of the cylinder cover. Along with the conical surface section B of the buffer sleeve 10 entering the annular buffer oil duct 13, the minimum clearance between the buffer sleeve 10 and the inner hole wall surface of the cylinder cover 3 is smaller and smaller, the minimum cross-sectional area of the fit clearance is smaller and smaller, and accordingly the extension speed of the piston rod is gradually reduced. After the cylindrical surface section of the buffer sleeve enters the annular buffer oil duct, the gap between the buffer sleeve 10 and the inner hole of the cylinder cover 3 is fixed, and the running speed of the steering oil cylinder is kept unchanged under the condition that the pressure in the large cavity of the oil cylinder is unchanged.
In this embodiment, when the conical surface section B of the buffer sleeve 10 completely enters the annular buffer oil passage during steering, the piston 4 does not move to the stroke end (the piston 4 does not contact the cylinder head 3), the cylindrical surface section a of the buffer sleeve 10 enters the annular buffer oil passage 17 along with further increase of the steering angle, the flow area between the small cavity 7 and the small cavity connecting oil port 8 is constant, and the piston rod 5 extends out at a constant speed until the front and rear frames stop through the limit contact of the elastic collision buffer device. Because the steering oil cylinder is matched with the inner hole of the cylinder cover 3 through the conical surface section B of the buffer sleeve 10 to realize buffer deceleration, the relative rotating speed between the front frame and the rear frame is lower when the elastic collision buffer devices on the front frame and the rear frame are contacted and collided, and the collision is slight collision. When the elastic collision buffer devices on the front frame and the rear frame are in contact collision, the distance between the points A and B of the rotating center points of the two ends of the steering oil cylinder is smaller than the distance between the points A and B when the piston of the steering oil cylinder is in contact with the cylinder cover, so that the piston is not in contact with the cylinder cover, namely at the end point of a steering stroke, the steering oil cylinder cannot be damaged due to the collision of the piston and the cylinder cover. The length of the extension section on the buffer sleeve is larger than the maximum deviation of the steering stroke when the articulated vehicle frame is manufactured, so that the front and rear vehicle frames are in limit contact through an elastic collision buffer device at the steering stroke terminal, the stroke of the steering oil cylinder is not used up when the front and rear vehicle frames stop, and the rigid contact limit of a piston and a cylinder cover is avoided.
In this embodiment, in the process that the front frame and the rear frame in the articulated frame steering mechanism rotate to the position close to the maximum steering angle and the front frame and the rear frame stop rotating due to the collision of the elastic collision buffer device, the conical surface section B of the buffer sleeve enters the annular buffer oil passage, so that the buffer deceleration is realized. Before the conical surface section B of the buffer sleeve does not completely enter the annular buffer oil duct, the elastic collision buffer device collides without collision for limiting; when the conical surface section B of the buffer sleeve completely enters the annular buffer oil duct and part of the cylindrical surface section of the buffer sleeve enters the annular buffer oil duct, the elastic collision buffer device is in collision contact with the annular buffer oil duct for limiting, and the front frame and the rear frame stop rotating relatively.
As shown in fig. 5, a limit step is provided at a position of the piston rod 5 close to the piston 4, and the cushion collar 10 is located between the limit step and the piston 4. The diameter of the inner hole of the buffer sleeve 10 is larger than the diameter of the mounting position of the buffer sleeve 10 on the piston rod 5, and the fit clearance between the buffer sleeve 10 and the piston rod 5 is a rod sleeve fit clearance 13.
The distance between the limit step and the piston 4 is greater than the axial length of the buffer sleeve 10, the buffer sleeve 10 can axially move between the piston and the limit step under the action of oil hydraulic pressure, and when the buffer sleeve 10 moves towards the extending direction of the piston rod, the head end face of the buffer sleeve 10 is connected with the end face of the limit step in an abutting contact mode. When the buffer sleeve 10 moves towards the retraction direction of the piston rod, the end surface of the tail end of the buffer sleeve 10 is in contact connection with the end surface of the piston 4. The buffer sleeve 10 can move in a certain range in the radial direction and the axial direction relative to the piston rod 5 and is in a floating state, and when the buffer sleeve 10 enters the annular buffer oil passage, the buffer sleeve is self-adaptively matched with the annular buffer oil passage under the action of pressure oil.
A flow area adjusting oil passage 11 is arranged on the piston rod 5 and at the position of the limiting step, the flow area adjusting oil passage 11 is L-shaped, the opening of the radial section of the flow area adjusting oil passage is positioned on the cylindrical surface of the piston rod 5, the opening of the axial section is positioned on the end surface of the limiting step, and a throttle valve 12 is arranged in the radial section. When the buffer sleeve 10 enters the annular buffer oil duct 17, the end face of the head end of the buffer sleeve 10 is in contact with the end face of the limiting step in a fitting manner, and the radial section outlet of the flow area adjusting oil duct is communicated with the annular buffer oil duct 17.
The end surface of the head end of the buffer sleeve 10 and the end surface of the limit step are mutually matched planes. When the buffer sleeve 10 moves towards the extending direction of the piston rod and is contacted and attached with the end face of the limiting step, a gap for oil to flow is not formed between the buffer sleeve 10 and the limiting step, and oil in the rod sleeve matching gap 13 flows to the small cavity connecting oil port through the flow area adjusting oil passage 11 and the throttle valve 12.
And a head end annular groove 15 communicated with the opening of the axial section of the flow area adjusting oil passage and the rod sleeve matching gap 13 is arranged at the position, close to the end face of the limiting step, of the cylindrical surface of the piston rod 5. The head end annular groove 15 plays a role in communicating the L-shaped oil passage 11 with the rod sleeve fit clearance 13, so that oil can better circulate.
The throttle valve 12 is cylindrical and has an axial bore through which oil flows. The throttle valve 12 is fixed in the radial section oil passage of the flow area adjusting oil passage by the external thread fitting with the piston rod. The throttle valves of different models have different inner hole diameters and different flow areas. By selectively installing the throttle valves with different models and specifications, the oil liquid circulation capacity is different.
In this embodiment, when the articulated bogie steering mechanism performs steering, for example, when the left steering angle is close to the maximum left steering angle, when the piston rod 5 of the right-side steering cylinder extends to a position close to the stroke end, the head end of the buffer sleeve 10 enters the annular buffer oil passage, so that the hydraulic oil flow area of the annular buffer oil passage is reduced sharply, the pressure in the small cavity 7 increases suddenly under the extrusion of the piston, the buffer sleeve 10 moves towards the direction in which the piston rod extends relative to the piston rod 5, the head end surface of the buffer sleeve 10 is in contact fit with the end surface of the limit step on the piston rod 5, no gap through which oil flows is formed between the buffer sleeve 10 and the limit step, part of hydraulic oil in the small cavity 7 flows to the small cavity connection oil port 8 through the rod sleeve fit gap 13, the flow area adjusting oil passage 11 and the throttle valve 12, and the flow area of the flow area adjusting oil passage depends on the flow area of the throttle valve 12.
The speed of movement of the piston rod 5 is determined by the flow area between the small chamber 7 and the small chamber connection port 8. In different use cases, different speeds, i.e. corresponding flow areas, are required.
As shown in fig. 4, the end face of the end of the buffer sleeve 10 is provided with a plurality of radial notches 18 penetrating the buffer sleeve wall in the radial direction, and the end of the rod sleeve fit clearance is communicated with the small cavity 7 through the radial notches 18. And a tail end annular groove 14 communicated with the radial gap and the rod sleeve fit clearance is formed on the cylindrical surface of the piston rod 5 close to the end face of the piston. The rod sleeve fit clearance is a cylindrical channel, the radial channels are arranged on the buffer sleeve and are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the tail end annular groove plays a role in communicating the rod sleeve fit clearance with the radial channels, so that oil can better circulate.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the rear portion of the cushion sleeve 10 is provided with a plurality of radial through holes 16 communicated with the small cavity, and a terminal annular groove 14 communicated with the radial through holes 16 and the rod sleeve fit clearance is provided at a position close to the piston end surface on the cylindrical surface of the piston rod 5. In this embodiment, a radial through hole 16 may be used instead of the radial notch 18 on the end face of the tip.
In the present embodiment, the flow area between the small chamber 7 and the small chamber connection port 8 is equal to the sum of the flow area between the cushion collar 10 and the bore wall surface of the cylinder head 3 and the flow area of the throttle valve 12. The flow area between the cushion collar 10 and the wall surface of the cylinder head bore is determined by the minimum cross-sectional area of the fit clearance between the circumferential side surface of the cushion collar 10 and the cylinder head bore. For each use requirement, a set of cushion collar and cylinder head is designed and manufactured, which increases the production and management costs of the manufacturer. In the steering cylinder of the present embodiment, the cushion collar 10 and the cylinder head 3 have the same fit clearance, that is, the same flow area when used in different situations. The throttle valve 12 with the corresponding model is selected according to the requirements of the use occasion, so that the sum of the flow area between the buffer sleeve 10 and the wall surface of the inner hole of the cylinder cover and the flow area of the throttle valve meets the requirement of extension speed reduction of the piston rod at the end point of the extension stroke. Compare through the fit clearance that changes between cushion collar and the cylinder cap hole with the use occasion demand of adaptation difference, through changing the choke valve in this embodiment, its cost is lower.
When the piston rod 5 starts to retract at the end position of the extension stroke, the pressure of the small cavity connecting oil port 8 is higher than that of the small cavity 7, the buffer sleeve 10 moves backwards under the pushing of the acting force of hydraulic oil, the tail end of the buffer sleeve 10 is in contact with the end face of the piston 4, a gap is formed between the buffer sleeve 10 and the end face of the upper limiting step of the piston rod 5, the pressure oil at the front section of the annular buffer oil duct enters the rod sleeve matching gap 13 between the buffer sleeve 10 and the piston rod 5 through the gap between the buffer sleeve and the limiting step and flows into the small cavity 7 through the tail end of the rod sleeve matching gap 13, and the throttle valve 12 in the flow area adjusting oil duct 11 does not have a damping effect on the oil, so that the hydraulic oil can quickly enter the small cavity through the rod sleeve matching gap, and the piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder is quickly started to retract. When the piston rod is retracted and started, the flow area between the small cavity 7 and the small cavity connecting oil port 8 is larger than the flow area between the small cavity 7 and the small cavity connecting oil port 8 when the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct to decelerate and buffer the piston rod.
The present embodiments also provide a work machine that may be an articulated frame, which may be a loader, grader or compactor. The articulated frame with the front frame hinged to the rear frame has errors during production and manufacturing, and can have certain angle deviation during left steering and right steering, so that the extending stroke of a piston rod of a right steering oil cylinder during left rotation to the maximum left steering angle is inconsistent with the extending stroke of the left steering oil cylinder during right rotation to the maximum right steering angle.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of another steering cylinder provided by the embodiment of the present invention, in the technical scheme shown in fig. 6, the flow area adjusting oil duct is arranged on the cylinder cover, and two ends of the oil duct are respectively connected with the small cavity and the small cavity to communicate with the oil port.
Claims (10)
1. A kind of articulated frame steering mechanism, including articulated front frame and back frame, arrange in the steering cylinder of the left and right sides of the pin joint of the frame separately, mount to front and back frame and use for limiting the elastic collision buffer of the maximum turned angle of front and back frame, the turned center point that the both ends of the steering cylinder articularly connect with front frame and back frame is A point and B point separately, characterized by that the said steering cylinder has annular buffer oil duct setting up and connecting the hydraulic fluid port with the small chamber between cylinder cap and piston rod, the position that is close to the piston is fitted with the cushion collar that can be inserted into said annular buffer oil duct and cylinder cap clearance fit on the piston rod; the circumferential side surface of the buffer sleeve is sequentially provided with a variable section and an extension section from the head end to the tail end; the minimum cross-sectional area of the fit clearance between the buffer sleeve and the cylinder cover decreases progressively from the head end of the variable cross-section to the tail end of the variable cross-section along with the increasing insertion depth of the buffer sleeve, and the minimum cross-sectional area of the fit clearance does not change progressively along with the increasing insertion depth of the buffer sleeve after the head end of the extension section is inserted;
when the front frame and the rear frame rotate to the maximum rotation angle relatively, the distance between the point A and the point B is larger than or equal to the distance between the point A and the point B when the tail end of the variable cross section of the buffer sleeve is inserted into the annular buffer oil duct, and is smaller than the distance between the point A and the point B when a piston of the steering oil cylinder contacts with a cylinder cover.
2. The articulated truck steering mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the wall surface of the inner hole of the cylinder head, which is fitted to the circumferential side surface of the cushion collar, is a cylindrical surface, the variable cross-section of the circumferential side surface of the cushion collar is composed of a conical surface section and a chamfered section located at the head end of the conical surface section, and the extension section of the circumferential side surface of the cushion collar is a cylindrical surface having a diameter equal to or smaller than the diameter of the tail end of the conical surface section.
3. The articulated frame bogie according to claim 1, wherein the piston rod is provided with a limit step for limiting the contact of the head end surface of the cushion sleeve, the cushion sleeve is sleeved between the limit step and the piston in a floating manner, a rod sleeve fit clearance for oil to flow is formed between the inner hole wall surface of the cushion sleeve and the piston rod, a radial passage for radially communicating the rod sleeve fit clearance with the small cavity is formed at the tail end of the cushion sleeve, and the head end surface of the cushion sleeve and the end surface of the limit step are planes which can be tightly attached and matched with each other.
4. The articulated truck steering mechanism according to claim 3, wherein a flow area adjusting oil passage for communicating the small chamber with the small chamber connecting oil port is provided in the cylinder head, and a throttle valve installed by screw-fitting is provided in the flow area adjusting oil passage.
5. The articulated bogie steering mechanism of claim 3, wherein the piston rod is provided with a flow area adjusting oil passage which communicates the fit clearance of the rod sleeve with the small cavity connecting oil port; the flow area adjusting oil duct is L-shaped, the radial section outlet of the flow area adjusting oil duct is located on the cylindrical surface of the piston rod, the axial section outlet of the flow area adjusting oil duct is located on the end face of the limiting step, and the radial section is internally provided with a throttling valve which is installed in a threaded matching mode.
6. An articulated truck steering mechanism according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a terminal annular groove communicating with the radial passage and the rod sleeve fitting clearance is provided at a position of the piston rod cylindrical surface near the piston end face.
7. The articulated truck steering mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the radial passage is formed by a plurality of radial notches provided on an end face of the extension of the cushion collar.
8. The articulated frame steering mechanism of claim 6, wherein the radial passage is formed by a plurality of radial through holes provided in the end surface of the extension of the cushion collar near the distal end.
9. The articulated truck steering mechanism according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a head-end annular groove communicating with the flow area adjusting oil passage and the rod bushing fitting clearance is provided at a position on the cylindrical surface of the piston rod near the end face of the limit step.
10. A working machine characterized by having an articulated truck steering mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221888830.9U CN217753883U (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machinery |
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| CN202221888830.9U CN217753883U (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machinery |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115042859A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-13 | 柳州柳工液压件有限公司 | Articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machinery |
| CN117087750A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-21 | 杭叉集团股份有限公司 | Forklift steering electro-hydraulic control system |
-
2022
- 2022-07-22 CN CN202221888830.9U patent/CN217753883U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115042859A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-13 | 柳州柳工液压件有限公司 | Articulated frame steering mechanism and engineering machinery |
| CN117087750A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-21 | 杭叉集团股份有限公司 | Forklift steering electro-hydraulic control system |
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Effective date of registration: 20230403 Address after: 545000 No. 6, Yangtai Road, Yanghe industrial new area, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee after: Guangxi Zhongyuan Machinery Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: GUANGXI LIUGONG MACHINERY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 545006 No.1 Hexiang Road (Yanghe industrial new area), Yufeng District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545006 Patentee before: LIUZHOU LIUGONG HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: GUANGXI LIUGONG MACHINERY Co.,Ltd. |
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