CN217192586U - Broadband laser cladding head for laser additive manufacturing system - Google Patents
Broadband laser cladding head for laser additive manufacturing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN217192586U CN217192586U CN202221006599.6U CN202221006599U CN217192586U CN 217192586 U CN217192586 U CN 217192586U CN 202221006599 U CN202221006599 U CN 202221006599U CN 217192586 U CN217192586 U CN 217192586U
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a laser vibration material disk makes technical field, provides a broadband laser cladding head for laser vibration material disk system, include: the device comprises a QBH interface, a collimation module, an optical homogenization module, a focusing module and a protective mirror module. The optical homogenization module configuration comprises: a collimating lens, a homogenizing lens, a focusing lens and a protective lens; the collimating lens consists of three lenses; the homogenizing mirror is formed by splicing a plurality of cylindrical lenses; the focusing lens is used for focusing by a single lens; and protected by the dual-sided lens of the protective lens module. The utility model discloses a broadband laser cladding head and rectangle facula optical system use in laser cladding, it melts wide, the depth of fusion is great, can raise the efficiency, improves the powder laser utilization ratio, and it is of high quality to form the cladding layer, and it is even to form the tissue.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a laser vibration material disk makes technical field, particularly relates to a broadband laser cladding head for laser vibration material disk system.
Background
The laser cladding technology has become a point in the field of surface modification due to the advantages of high precision, high applicability, metallurgical bonding of the cladding layer and the substrate, and the like, and is popularized and applied in the industrial fields of automobile industry, aerospace, ocean, petrochemical industry, and the like.
The laser processing equipment is the basic condition for the application of the laser cladding technology, and the continuous progress and development of the laser processing equipment promote the continuous innovation of the laser cladding technology. The increase of market demand and the progress of laser cladding technology put higher demands on laser cladding equipment systems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a broadband laser cladding head for laser vibration material disk system can improve and cover the width, promote to cover efficiency, uses the cladding layer that high power laser instrument realized high-quality powder and laser beam combination.
The utility model discloses a first aspect provides a broadband laser cladding head for laser vibration material disk system, include:
the QBH interface is used for being connected with the laser optical fiber and receiving the incidence of the laser beam;
the collimating mirror module is used for collimating the laser beam injected through the QBH interface;
the homogenizing mirror module comprises a plurality of cylindrical mirror units, forms an array mirror group and is used for dividing the collimated laser beams into a plurality of focused laser beams;
the focusing lens module comprises at least one focusing lens and is used for focusing a plurality of focused laser beams to form a rectangular light spot; and
and the protective mirror module is arranged below the focusing mirror module and used for protecting the focusing mirror module, the homogenizing mirror module and/or the collimating mirror module in the laser additive manufacturing process.
As a preferred embodiment, after a laser beam incident through the QBH interface is collimated, the collimated laser beam is divided into a plurality of sub-beams by the homogenizer module, and each sub-beam is converged by the focusing mirror module and then superimposed on a homogenizing plane, that is, the same region of the focal plane of the focusing mirror module, so that the length S' of the rectangular spot in the Y direction obtained by the method is as follows:
in the homogenization plane, the X-axis rectangular spot width d' is:
wherein f' represents the focal length of the cylindrical mirror module; f F ' denotes the focal length of the focusing lens module; p' represents the width of a single cylindrical mirror unit in the Y direction, namely the width of a single beam of sub-beams in the Y direction; f C ' denotes a collimating focal length of the collimating mirror module; d f ' denotes the core diameter of the incident laser fiber.
And the power density of the rectangular light spots is distributed in a trend of high inside and low outside.
In combination with the technical scheme provided by the utility model, the broadband laser cladding head provided by the utility model is connected with the laser fiber interface through the QBH interface, the Gaussian beam with the divergence angle enters the cladding head, the light divergence angle in the laser beam obtained through the collimating lens group is almost 0, and is parallel to the central axis of the cladding head and vertically propagates downwards; the homogenization lens group comprises n cylindrical mirrors and receives the collimated laser beams, and the beams are focused below the cylindrical mirrors to form n beams of focused light; the focusing lens receives a plurality of focusing light beams formed by the homogenizing mirror, and rectangular light spots are formed on the homogenizing plane below the focusing mirror, so that the rectangular light spots for high-power-density broadband cladding are realized, the cladding width of a cladding layer formed by single cladding is improved, the cladding efficiency is improved, and the flatness and the quality of the cladding layer are improved.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below may be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural design diagram of a broadband laser cladding head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an optical system diagram of a broadband laser cladding head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the direction a-a in the embodiment of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a lens structure of a cylindrical mirror unit in a homogenizer of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in which parallel light passes through a double lens.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the homogenizing system (homogenizing → focusing) of the optical system of the broadband laser cladding head of the present invention.
Fig. 7(a) is a pseudo-color image of the rectangular spot power density distribution of the optical system of the present invention.
Fig. 7(b) shows the power density distribution of the Y-axis position of the rectangular light spot according to the present invention.
Fig. 7(c) shows the power density distribution of the X-axis position of the rectangular spot according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to encompass all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any implementation. Additionally, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
The broadband laser cladding head for the laser additive manufacturing system, which is combined with the embodiment shown in the figure, mainly comprises a QBH interface 1, a collimating mirror module 2, a homogenizing mirror module 3, a focusing mirror module 4 and a protective mirror module 5. All modules are connected, installed and assembled into a whole through threads.
As shown in fig. 1, the collimating mirror module 2, the homogenizing mirror module 3, and the focusing mirror module 4 share a common optical axis, and are all located on the vertical axis of the cladding head.
And the QBH interface 1 is used for being connected with the laser optical fiber and receiving the incidence of the laser beam.
And the collimating mirror module 2 is used for collimating the laser beam incident through the QBH interface 1. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the collimator lens module 2 includes a first collimator lens 91, a second collimator lens 92, and a third collimator lens 93. The first collimating mirror 91, the second collimating mirror 92 and the third collimating mirror 93 are sequentially distributed on the central axis of the cladding head from top to bottom, receive the laser beam emitted by the optical fiber 7, and collimate the laser beam to obtain a collimated beam with a divergence angle of almost 0.
In an alternative embodiment, the first collimating mirror 91, the second collimating mirror 92, and the third collimating mirror 93 are all concave-convex lenses, wherein the first collimating mirror 91 and the third collimating mirror 93 are convex lenses, and the second collimating mirror is a concave lens 92. The focal length of the collimator lens module 2 as a whole is 100 mm.
Referring to fig. 4 and 6, the homogenizer module 3 includes a plurality of cylindrical mirror units, which form an array mirror group, and is used to divide the collimated laser beam into a plurality of focused laser beams.
In the illustrated embodiment, 7 cylindrical mirror units are spliced as an example to describe the array mirror group formed by a plurality of cylindrical mirror units of the homogenizing mirror module through a gapless transverse array.
The focusing lens module 4 includes at least one focusing lens, and focuses the plurality of focused laser beams to form rectangular light spots, and particularly, the power density of the rectangular light spots is distributed in a trend of high inside and low outside.
And the protective mirror module 5 is arranged below the focusing mirror module 4 and used for protecting the focusing mirror module, the homogenizing mirror module and/or the collimating mirror module in the laser additive manufacturing process, and particularly preventing the optical system of the cladding head from being damaged by high temperature, molten pool or powder splashing.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the protective lens module 4 includes a first protective lens 111 and a second protective lens 112, both of which are planar lenses.
The first protective glasses 111 and the second protective glasses 112 are designed in a drawer type, i.e. in a drawing type, so as to facilitate replacement of lenses of the first protective glasses or the second protective glasses.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the back focal plane of the homogenizing mirror module 3 coincides with the front focal plane of the focusing mirror module 4.
With reference to fig. 6, after the laser beam injected through the QBH interface is collimated, the collimated laser beam is divided into a plurality of sub-beams by the homogenizing mirror module, and each sub-beam is converged by the focusing mirror module and then superimposed on a homogenizing plane, that is, the same region of the focal plane of the focusing mirror module, so that the length S' of the rectangular spot in the Y direction obtained by this method is:
in the homogenization plane, the X-axis rectangular spot width d' is:
wherein f' represents the focal length of the cylindrical mirror module; f F ' denotes the focal length of the focusing lens module; p' represents the width of a single cylindrical mirror unit in the Y direction, namely the width of a single beam of sub-beams in the Y direction; f C ' denotes a collimating focal length of the collimating mirror module; d is a radical of f ' denotes the core diameter of the incident laser fiber.
The following is a more detailed description of the construction and implementation of the optical system of the present invention with reference to the examples shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6.
The homogenizer module 3 is formed by splicing seven cylindrical mirror units into an array mirror group, and in combination with the example of a single cylindrical mirror unit shown in fig. 4, the single cylindrical mirror unit has 2 mutually symmetrical mechanical splicing surfaces S2, a curved upper surface S3, two side end surfaces S5, and a bottom surface (a plane opposite to the upper surface S3), wherein the curved upper surface S3 receives the collimated laser beam and emits light on the bottom surface. The surfaces are planar except that the upper surface S3 is curved.
The mechanical splicing surface S2, the upper surface S3 of the curved surface and the light-emitting bottom surface are subjected to fine polishing treatment, and particularly the upper surface S3 of the curved surface and the light-emitting bottom surface are coated with films, so that the total light transmittance of the two surfaces reaches more than 99.5%.
The two side end surfaces S5 can be selected as fine grinding surfaces; the mechanical splicing surface S2 requires special handling of mechanical flatness to ensure uniformity and flatness of the spliced optical device.
With reference to fig. 5 and 6, under the condition of the known divergence angle of the optical fiber exit beam, the broadband laser cladding head receives the gaussian beam with the divergence angle, and after being collimated by the collimating lens module, the gaussian beam becomes a collimated gaussian beam, and the radius of the collimated beam is calculated as follows:
R＝F C '*NA
wherein R represents the collimated beam radius;
F C ' denotes the focal length of the collimating lens module;
NA represents the fiber exit beam divergence angle.
The collimated light beams are uniformly distributed in an array lens formed by cylindrical mirror units, the width of a single beam sub-beam received by each cylindrical mirror unit in the Y direction is equal to the width of a single cylindrical mirror in the Y direction, and the calculation is as follows:
wherein, P' represents the width of a single cylindrical mirror in the Y direction and the width of a single beam of sub-beams in the Y direction; n represents the number of cylindrical mirrors.
As shown in connection with fig. 5, the various parameters identified therein are explained as follows:
A. b respectively represent a lens; lens a represents a single cylindrical mirror; lens B denotes a focusing lens
F represents the focal length of the lens A; f F -the focal length of lens B;
-l represents the front focal length of lens B; d represents the width of the light incident on the lens B;
s represents the light width of the focusing surface; f represents the distance between the cylindrical lens A and the focusing lens B;
p represents the length of the lens A and the incidence width of parallel light rays; l represents the distance from the intersection of the extended lines of the marginal rays to the lens B.
As shown in connection with fig. 6, the various parameters identified therein are explained as follows:
f' represents the focal length of the cylindrical mirror;
F F ' denotes the focal length of the focusing lens;
s' represents the length of a rectangular light spot in the Y direction;
p' represents the width of a single cylindrical mirror in the Y direction and the width of a single sub-beam in the Y direction.
In connection with the dual lens calculation principle of fig. 5 and the various identified parameters therein, the process of calculating the light width is as follows:
the back focal plane of lens a coincides with the front focal plane of lens B, resulting in:
F-f＝-l；
according to the triangle theorem, the light ray transmitted through the lens A and the lens B satisfies the following conditions:
then, further according to the gaussian imaging formula, the light ray propagating through the lens a and the lens B satisfies:
combining the principles of the triangle theorem and the Gaussian imaging formula and combining the four formulas, the focal plane of the light after the light is transmitted from the lens A to the lens B meets the following relational expression, and the light width S can be calculated and obtained through the following steps:
from geometrical optics, it can be derived:
the light width S is only equal to the focal length F of the lens A and the focal length F of the lens B F The length P of the lens A is related to the width D of the light entering the lens B, the distance F between the cylindrical lens A and the focusing lens B, the back focal length (-L) of the lens B and the distance L from the focal point of the edge light extension line to the lens B.
Combine the first optics homogenization system of broadband laser cladding of embodiment of the utility model, as shown in fig. 6, the principle is as follows: after laser beams injected through the QBH interface are collimated, the collimated laser beams are divided into a plurality of sub-beams through the homogenizing mirror module, and each sub-beam is converged through the focusing mirror module and then superposed on a homogenizing plane, namely the same area of the focal plane of the focusing mirror module:
on the homogenization plane, the X-axis rectangular spot width d' is calculated as follows:
wherein, d f ' denotes the core diameter of the optical fiber.
As an example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the relevant parameters are determined as follows: diameter d of optical fiber core f ' 1000 μm, divergence angle NA 0.21rad, focal length F of the collimating lens module C '100 mm, the focal length of the cylindrical mirror unit is F' 100mm, and the focal length of the focusing mirror module is F F ' is 300 mm.
More than 50 utilize the utility model provides a design is confirmed collimation beam radius:
R＝F c ′·NA＝100×0.21＝21mm；
width of a single cylindrical mirror in Y direction, width of a single beam of sub-beams in Y direction:
y-direction rectangular spot length S':
width d of rectangular spot in X-axis direction:
in conclusion, the rectangular light spot of 18mm multiplied by 3mm can be obtained in the calculation process.
The simulation of the optical system of the broadband laser cladding head is further simulated by taking a 6kw Gaussian beam as a light source based on the geometrical optics theory and combining the given related parameters, and the laser power density distribution, the rectangular spot length and the rectangular spot width of the rectangular spot on the homogenization plane are checked.
The simulation results obtain the diagrams shown in fig. 7(a), 7(b) and 7(c), wherein fig. 7(a) shows a pseudo color image of a light spot light field at a homogenization plane, the pseudo color image has the schematic effect on the power density distribution of the light spots, the light spots are rectangular, and the laser power density is distributed in a high-inside and low-outside mode; fig. 7(b) is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of power density in the Y-axis direction of a rectangular spot, the length of the spot is 18.3mm, and the variation rate of the laser power density in the Y-axis direction is seven percent with reference to the median value of the laser power density; FIG. 7(c) is a schematic diagram showing the power density of a rectangular spot in the Y-axis direction, the spot width being 3 mm; the size of the rectangular light spot of the obtained broadband laser cladding head is 18.3mm multiplied by 3 mm.
Therefore, through the utility model discloses a method design obtains the error of rectangle facula and simulation light spot and is 1.6%, and the simulation error degree is extremely low, and laser power density distribution condition is better moreover, consequently, through the utility model discloses a better satisfying industry processing demand of broadband laser cladding head and rectangle facula optical system, but the in-service application promotes to melt and covers efficiency to the laser cladding platform, improves and covers the quality.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is intended to cover by those skilled in the art various modifications and adaptations of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband laser cladding head for a laser additive manufacturing system, comprising:
the QBH interface is used for being connected with the laser optical fiber and receiving the incidence of the laser beam;
the collimating mirror module is used for collimating the laser beam injected through the QBH interface;
the homogenizing mirror module comprises a plurality of cylindrical mirror units, forms an array mirror group and is used for dividing the collimated laser beams into a plurality of focused laser beams;
the focusing lens module comprises at least one focusing lens and is used for focusing a plurality of focused laser beams to form a rectangular light spot; and
and the protective mirror module is arranged below the focusing mirror module and used for protecting the focusing mirror module, the homogenizing mirror module and/or the collimating mirror module in the laser additive manufacturing process.
2. The broadband laser cladding head for a laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the protective mirror module comprises a first protective mirror and a second protective mirror, the protective mirrors each being a planar lens.
3. The broadband laser cladding head for the laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 2, wherein the first protective mirror and the second protective mirror are both designed in a drawer type, i.e. a drawable type, so as to facilitate replacement of the lens of the first protective mirror or the second protective mirror.
4. The broadband laser cladding head for a laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the collimating mirror module, homogenizing mirror module, and focusing mirror module are coaxial and all on a vertical axis of the cladding head.
5. The broadband laser cladding head for a laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein a back focal plane of the homogenizing mirror module coincides with a front focal plane of the focusing mirror module.
6. The broadband laser cladding head for the laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam injected via the QBH interface is collimated, and then split into a plurality of sub-beams by the homogenizing mirror module, and each sub-beam is converged by the focusing mirror module and then superimposed on a homogenizing plane, that is, the same region of the focal plane of the focusing mirror module, so that the length S' of the rectangular spot in the Y direction obtained thereby is:
in the homogenization plane, the X-axis rectangular spot width d' is:
wherein f' represents the focal length of the cylindrical mirror module; f F ' denotes the focal length of the focusing lens module; p' represents the width of a single cylindrical mirror unit in the Y direction, namely the width of a single beam of sub-beams in the Y direction; f C ' denotes a collimating focal length of the collimating mirror module; d f ' denotes the core diameter of the incident laser fiber.
7. The broadband laser cladding head for a laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the power density of the rectangular spot is distributed with a trend of high inside and low outside.
8. The broadband laser cladding head for a laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the collimating mirror module comprises a first collimating mirror, a second collimating mirror, and a third collimating mirror, each being a meniscus lens, wherein the first collimating mirror and the third collimating mirror are convex lenses, and the second collimating mirror is a concave lens.
9. The broadband laser cladding head for a laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cylindrical mirror units of the homogenizing mirror module constitute an array mirror group by a gapless transverse array.
10. The broadband laser cladding head for the laser additive manufacturing system according to claim 9, wherein the single cylindrical mirror unit has 2 mutually symmetrical mechanical splicing surfaces, a curved upper surface, two side end surfaces and a bottom surface, the bottom surface is arranged opposite to the upper surface, wherein the curved upper surface receives the collimated laser beam and emits light at the bottom surface; except that the upper surface is a curved surface, the other surfaces are flat surfaces.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114769626A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-22 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Broadband laser cladding head for laser additive manufacturing system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114769626A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-22 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Broadband laser cladding head for laser additive manufacturing system |
| CN114769626B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2024-07-19 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Broadband laser cladding head for laser additive manufacturing system |
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