CN217176753U - Shuttle type free piston engine with positive and negative screw rods - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a positive and negative screw rod shuttle free piston engine, it includes the cylinder body, the apparatus further comprises a rotating shaft, the fixed rotary drum that is provided with in interval in the pivot, be provided with the helicla flute on the rotary drum surface, be provided with the piston between rotary drum and the cylinder body, interior round hole of piston is provided with the drive block on the surface, the drive block activity embedding helicla flute respectively, the interval is provided with four baffles on the piston excircle surface, be provided with the sealing washer on every baffle excircle, both ends are equipped with the guide way along the pivot axis about the round hole in the cylinder body, all be provided with the guide block that matches with the guide way activity along the pivot axis on the baffle, the interval is provided with the baffle that interlocks each other with baffle position in the round hole in the cylinder body, the utility model discloses have in-line four cylinder engine characteristics concurrently, have free piston engine characteristic simultaneously, stability is high, low-speed torque characteristic is good, fuel consumption is less, simple structure, The hydraulic cylinder has the advantages of small volume, small mass, low center of gravity, small mechanical energy loss, high efficiency, good stability, small idling speed, small mechanical vibration and low noise.

Description

Forward and reverse screw shuttle free piston engine

technical field

The utility model relates to an engine, in particular to a positive and negative screw that drives a rotary drum-type forward and reverse screw to rotate through a free piston reciprocating back and forth in a straight line, and then drives a rotating shaft to rotate in the same rotation direction through a one-way bearing Shuttle free piston engine.

Background technique

The engine is the power unit of the car and the heart of the car, and its performance directly affects the performance of the car. Automobile engines mainly include reciprocating piston internal combustion engines and rotary piston internal combustion engines. At present, most of the car engines are reciprocating piston internal combustion engines (in-line, V-type, W-type and horizontally opposed), which transmit power through a crank connecting rod; and rotary piston internal combustion engines (rotary engines), only Mazda is still doing it. In a free-piston engine, "free piston" means that the engine does not have the crank-connecting-rod mechanism of the usual internal combustion engine, and the movement law of the piston or piston group is determined by the gas pressure acting on it, and changes with the engine operating conditions. The characteristic of free piston movement is that the positions of the inner and outer dead points (left and right dead points) can be changed, and it is mainly used for ship power, etc., and is not used for automobile power. In order to facilitate the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the present invention, the example uses a widely used inline four-cylinder engine (a four-cylinder piston engine in which the cylinders are arranged along a line on a common crankshaft to transmit power through a crank connecting rod.) and the present invention Compared with the forward and reverse screw shuttle free-piston four-cylinder engines, the working fluid is a mixture of fuel and air, and both are set to use the Otto cycle to work, that is, they all contain four strokes: adiabatic compression process, mixed gas explosion moment The iso-body process (endothermic Q1), the adiabatic expansion work process, and the iso-body process (exothermic Q2) at the moment of opening the exhaust valve. However, the in-line four-cylinder engine has the following shortcomings: First, the engine height is high, occupying a large height space, large volume, heavy mass, and high center of gravity; second, the stability is not high, the fuel consumption is large, and the mechanical energy loss is large. , The efficiency is not high enough, the stability is not strong, the mechanical vibration is large, and there is noise.

Utility model content

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model proposes a free piston that moves back and forth in a straight line, which is similar to the intermittent reciprocating motion of the shuttle on a traditional loom to cyclically complete the engine air intake, compression, A forward-reverse screw shuttle free-piston engine with four strokes of power and exhaust. In principle, the engine can use gasoline, diesel, or even hydrogen fuel as the circulating working fluid, and can also use its high compression ratio to achieve compression ignition.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: a forward-reverse screw shuttle-type free-piston engine, which includes a rotating shaft whose two ends of the cylinder are assembled on the two ends of the cylinder with common bearing assemblies, and the rotating shafts are fixedly arranged at intervals. There are four rotating drums located in the inner cavity of the cylinder, the outer surfaces of the two rotating drums on the left are respectively provided with left helical grooves, and the outer surfaces of the two rotating drums on the right are respectively provided with right helical grooves. A piston is arranged between the drum and the cylinder, and driving blocks are arranged on the surface of the inner circular hole of the piston at intervals along the circumference. The driving blocks are respectively movably embedded in the spiral grooves on the drum, and the outer surface of the piston Four baffles are arranged at intervals on the upper part, and a sealing ring is arranged on the outer circle of each baffle. The upper and lower ends of the circular hole in the cylinder are provided with guide grooves along the axis of the rotating shaft. The guide block is movably matched with the guide groove, and the circular hole in the cylinder is provided with a partition that is staggered with the position of the baffle plate. When the baffle plate moves left and right with the piston, a closed space is formed between the baffle plate and the baffle plate. From left to right, the cavities are the No. A cylinder, No. B cylinder, No. C cylinder and No. D cylinder respectively, and the intake valve, exhaust valve and spark plug communicated with the cylinder are set at the position of the cylinder block close to the partition plate; There are atomized lubricating oil nozzles and air discharge ports on the position of the cylinder block of the partition plate, and position sensors on the left and right dead centers detect and feedback the information that the baffle plate moves to the left and right dead centers. Send out ignition, intake, exhaust synchronization signals.

The forward and reverse screw shuttle-type free-piston four-cylinder engine of the utility model has the characteristics of an in-line four-cylinder engine and a free-piston engine, so it has high stability, good low-speed torque characteristics, less fuel consumption, simple structure, Small size, small mass, low center of gravity, low mechanical energy loss, high efficiency, good stability, low idle speed, low mechanical vibration and low noise.

Compared with the in-line four-cylinder engine, the overall effect of the present invention is that four pistons are integrated into one piston, and the forward and reverse screws and one-way bearings are used to transmit power to the rotating shaft. Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of the in-line four-cylinder engine. It has the advantages of high stability, good low-speed torque characteristics and less fuel consumption; at the same time, it has the advantages of a free-piston engine: simple structure, small volume, small mass, low center of gravity, small mechanical energy loss, high efficiency, good stability, and low idle speed. , low noise and other advantages, which are not available in inline four-cylinder engines. In comparison, this is the disadvantage of inline four-cylinder engines.

The most important indicator of the pros and cons of the engine is the engine efficiency, the engine efficiency η=W _useful /Q _{heat absorption} , in which the exhaust gas loss accounts for about 40% of the total energy, and the cooling loss accounts for about 20% of the total energy; failure to complete combustion The fuel used accounts for about 5%; the various friction losses of the engine in actual operation account for about 5% to 8% of the total energy, mainly including: friction loss between the piston ring and the cylinder wall, sliding between the bearings and the crankshaft Friction loss, power loss caused by crankshaft drive valve train and various auxiliary mechanisms such as oil pump, water pump, fan, etc., overcomes the friction loss caused by lubricating oil viscosity and viscosity-temperature characteristics. In principle, the previous 40% loss is the same. The positive and negative screw shuttle free-piston four-cylinder engine, 1) because of its small size and small specific surface heat dissipation area, the cooling loss is smaller; 2) because the four pistons are integrated into one piston, the crankshaft drive valve train is reduced. 3) The free-piston engine has higher total compression ratio and total expansion ratio, so the theoretical thermal efficiency is higher; 4) The characteristic of piston movement is that the position of the inner and outer dead centers can be changed, so the idle speed has a certain possibility. Adjust the range, reduce the loss of high idle speed, 5) Because of the structural characteristics, it can achieve a 50/50 weight distribution between the left and right, and the stability is good and the mechanical vibration is small, so the loss of mechanical vibration is small. To sum up, the forward and reverse screw shuttle free-piston four-cylinder engines are more efficient compared to each other.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the engine in the states of inhalation, work, compression and exhaust in sequence,

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the engine in the states of compression, exhaust, work, and suction in sequence,

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the engine in the states of work, suction, exhaust, and compression in sequence,

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the engine in the states of exhaust, compression, suction, and work in sequence,

Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1,

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating drum matched with the left half rotating shaft,

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating drum matched with the right half rotating shaft.

In the figure, 1, piston 2, drive block 3, guide block 4, cylinder block 5, left helical groove 6, one-way bearing assembly 7, rotating shaft 8, guide groove 9, intake valve 10, ignition plug 11, row Valve 12, No. A cylinder 13, drum 14, common bearing assembly 15, right helical groove 16, baffle 17, baffle 18, No. B cylinder 19, No. C cylinder 20, No. D cylinder 21, left dead center 22 , Right dead center 23, air outlet 24, atomized lubricating oil inlet.

The working process of the utility model:

Boot process:

When there is no load (parking gear or neutral gear), pressurized air with a certain pressure can be arranged in sequence, for example: No. B cylinder is charged with pressurized air to the left dead center → No. C cylinder is charged with pressurized air to the right dead center , At the same time, No. D cylinder inhales → No. A cylinder is charged with pressurized air to the left dead center, at the same time, No. B cylinder inhales, and No. D cylinder compresses → No. D cylinder does work, and at the same time, No. A cylinder exhausts, and No. B cylinder compresses , No. C cylinder inhales, the start-up process is completed and enters the normal working mode, and then it works in a normal cycle according to the sequence of Figure 1-Figure 4.

Normal cycle working process:

As shown in Figure 1, the engine is in a state of air intake for cylinder A, cylinder B for work, cylinder C for compression, and cylinder D for exhaust. Cylinder B does the work, that is, it is the cylinder B that drives the shaft to rotate. At this time, the cylinder B has just completed the work, and the cylinder A has just completed the suction, the cylinder C has just completed the gas compression, and the cylinder D has just completed the gas compression. Just finished the exhaust.

As shown in Figure 2, the engine is in the A cylinder for compression, the B cylinder for exhaust, the C cylinder for work, and the D cylinder for intake. Cylinder C does the work, that is, it is the cylinder C that drives the shaft to rotate. Cylinder C has just completed the work, and cylinder A has just completed the gas compression, cylinder B has just completed exhaust emission, and cylinder D has just completed Inhale.

As shown in Figure 3, the engine is in cylinder A for work, cylinder B for intake, cylinder C for exhaust, and cylinder D for compression. It is the cylinder A that does the work, that is, the cylinder A drives the shaft to rotate. The cylinder A has just completed the work, and the cylinder B has just completed the suction, the cylinder C has just completed the exhaust emission, and the cylinder D has just completed the gas. compression.

As shown in Figure 4, the engine is in cylinder A for exhaust, cylinder B for compression, cylinder C for intake, and cylinder D for work. Cylinder D is doing the work, that is, it is the cylinder D that drives the rotating shaft. Cylinder D has just completed the work, and cylinder A has just finished exhausting the exhaust gas. Cylinder B has just finished compressing the gas, and cylinder C has just finished. Inhale.

Detailed ways

In Figures 1 to 7, the forward and reverse screw shuttle type free piston engine includes a rotating shaft 7 assembled on both ends of the cylinder block 4 with common bearing assemblies 14 at both ends, and a one-way bearing assembly 6 is used on the rotating shaft. Four rotating drums 13 located in the inner cavity of the cylinder are arranged at intervals, and the outer surfaces of the two rotating drums on the left are respectively provided with left helical grooves 5 with a square or trapezoidal cross-section, and the two rotating drums on the right The outer surface is respectively provided with a square or trapezoidal right helical groove 15, the length of the drum is slightly longer than the distance between the left dead point 21 and the right dead point 22, and a piston 1 is arranged between the drum and the cylinder, On the surface of the inner circular hole of the piston, there are four driving blocks 2 that are vertically staggered in a cross (the driving block and the drum are integrally made, and can also be combined, and the four driving blocks are evenly distributed along the radial direction of the piston in the same vertical section) , the four drive blocks can be respectively embedded in the left helical groove 5 and the right helical groove 15 and move between the left dead point 21 and the right dead point 22 at both ends of the groove, between the left dead point and the right dead point The ratio of the distance to the pitch is slightly less than 1 or close to 1, four baffles 16 are arranged at intervals on the outer circumferential surface of the piston, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the square or trapezoidal groove on the outer circumferential surface of the baffle (Fig. Not shown, it is used for the sealing of the cylinder where the baffle is matched with the cylinder block), the upper and lower ends (vertical centerline) of the inner circular hole of the cylinder block 4 are provided with guide grooves 8 along the axis of the rotating shaft. The axis of the rotating shaft is provided with a guide block 3 that is movably matched with the guide groove (for guiding the piston when the piston moves, so that the piston does not rotate). Every square or trapezoidal groove on the circumferential surface of the circular hole of the plate is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring (not shown in the figure, it is used for the sealing of the cylinder where the diaphragm and the piston match), and a seal is formed between the baffle and the diaphragm. From left to right, the cavities are the No. A cylinder 12, No. B cylinder 18, No. C cylinder 19 and No. D cylinder 20. When the baffle moves left and right with the piston, the A formed between the baffle and the baffle Each of the No. 1 cylinder, No. B cylinder, No. C cylinder and No. D cylinder has the functions of suction, compression, work and exhaust, and the cylinder body is provided with an intake air that communicates with each cylinder chamber. Valve 9 , exhaust valve 11 and spark plug 10 , the cylinder block is provided with atomized lubricating oil jets 24 and air discharge ports 23 . The four atomized lubricating oil nozzles 24 and the four air discharge ports are respectively located on the cylinder block outside the two ends of the piston, on the right side of the partition plate of the No. A cylinder, and on the left side of the partition plate of the No. D cylinder.

The four rotating drums of the utility model are spaced apart, and the two ends of each rotating drum and the rotating shaft are fixed by two ordinary one-way bearing assemblies. empty. When cylinder A or cylinder B does work, the piston moves to the left, the two rotating drums on the left are left helical grooves, and the two sets of driving blocks (2×4=8) on the left side of the piston are shown in Figure 6 for force analysis. The cylinder is subjected to the tangential force in the vertical motion direction to form a right-handed moment (M=R×F _⊥ ), and another component force will drive the leftward movement along the chute. At this time, the one-way bearing is under a right-handed load. Under the action of the bearing, the rotating shaft is driven to rotate to the right; when the C cylinder or the D cylinder does work, the piston moves to the right, the two drums on the left are left spiral grooves, and the two groups of driving blocks on the left of the piston make the drum subject to the vertical movement The downward tangential force of the one-way bearing forms a left-handed moment [M=R×(-F _⊥ )], and another component force will drive the movement to the right along the chute. At this time, the one-way bearing is left-handed with no load. Under the action, only the rotating drum is driven to turn left, and the rotating shaft is not subjected to the force from the one-way bearing. In the same way, when the C cylinder or the D cylinder does work, the piston moves to the right, the two drums on the right are right helical grooves, and the two groups of driving blocks (2×4=8) on the right side of the piston, see Figure 7. Analysis, the rotating drum is subjected to a tangential force in the vertical direction of motion to form a right-handed moment (M=R×F _⊥ ), and another component force will drive it to move to the right along the chute. At this time, the one-way bearing is under a right-handed load. Under the action of the one-way bearing, the rotating shaft is driven to rotate to the right; when the A cylinder or the B cylinder does work, the piston moves to the left, because the two drums on the right are right helical grooves, the two groups of driving blocks on the right side of the piston make the drum receive The downward tangential force in the vertical motion direction forms a left-handed moment [M=R×(-F _⊥ )], and another component force will drive the movement along the chute. At this time, the one-way bearing is left-handed with no load. Under the action of the bearing, only the rotating drum is driven to turn left, and the rotating shaft is not subjected to the force from the one-way bearing. In short, the piston moves to the left, the two drums on the left and the matching one-way bearing (load) drive the shaft to rotate to the right, while the two drums on the right and the matching one-way bearing (unloaded) do not drive the shaft to rotate ; On the contrary, when the piston moves to the right, the two drums on the right and the matching one-way bearing (load) still drive the shaft to rotate to the right, while the two drums on the left and the matching one-way bearing (no load) do not drive the shaft to rotate. As shown in the example in the figure, the spiral groove of one drum can only make the shaft rotate 1/4 turn, and the four drums are combined to form one revolution, that is to say, the piston moves to the left once, and the two drums on the left rotate synchronously for 1/4 turn. , the shaft rotates 1/4 of a turn; the piston moves to the right once, and the two drums on the right rotate synchronously for another 1/4 of a turn. At this time, the shaft rotates 1/4 of a turn. Similarly, the piston moves to the left again, and the two turns The drum rotates 1/4 turn synchronously, at this time the shaft rotates 1/4 turn again, the piston moves to the right again, the two drums rotate 1/4 turn synchronously, at this time the shaft rotates 1/4 turn, the piston rotates every 1/4 turn. The distance of one movement is 1/4 of the pitch of the spiral groove. The left→right→left→right movement of the piston completes one cycle, and the shaft rotates for a total of 1 revolution.

The working sequence of the piston of the utility model is:

As shown in Figure 1, the gas in cylinder B is ignited by the ignition plug to generate high temperature and high pressure (the moment of ignition is the process of isothermal temperature increase and pressure increase), and then perform work (adiabatic expansion work process), push the piston to the left, and drive the drum to the right Rotate, and then drive the shaft to rotate to the right. At this time, the No. B cylinder is the power source; the No. A cylinder intake valve opens the airtight chamber of the cylinder, and the gas increases (inhalation). At this time, the work of No. A cylinder consumes some power; At the same time, due to the leftward movement of the piston, the gas in cylinder C is compressed, forming an air spring (adiabatic compression process). At this time, the work of cylinder C consumes part of the power; at the same time, the exhaust valve of cylinder D opens (the moment it opens is Isomatic cooling and decompression process), the exhaust gas in the D cylinder is discharged (40% heat loss), and the work of the D cylinder consumes some mechanical power at this time. The reels are rotated 1/4 turn to the right.

As shown in Figure 2, the gas in cylinder C is ignited by the ignition plug to generate high temperature and high pressure (the instant of ignition is the process of isothermal temperature increase and pressure increase), and then perform work (adiabatic expansion work process), push the piston to move to the right, and drive the drum to the right Rotate, and then drive the shaft to rotate to the right. At this time, the No. C cylinder is the power source; the No. D cylinder's intake valve opens and the airtight chamber of the cylinder increases, and the gas increases (inhalation). At this time, the work of No. D cylinder consumes some power; At the same time, due to the rightward movement of the piston, the gas in the cylinder A is compressed, forming an air spring (adiabatic compression process). At this time, the work of the cylinder A consumes part of the power; at the same time, the exhaust valve of the cylinder B opens (the opening moment is Isomatic cooling and depressurization process), the exhaust gas in No. B cylinder is discharged (40% heat loss), at this time, the work of No. B cylinder consumes some mechanical power, and the rotating shaft rotates 1/4 turn to the right.

As shown in Figure 3, the gas in the cylinder A is ignited by the ignition plug to generate high temperature and high pressure (the instant of ignition is the process of isothermal temperature increase and pressure increase), and then do work (the process of adiabatic expansion and work), push the piston to the left, and drive the drum to the right Rotate, and then drive the shaft to rotate to the right. At this time, the No. A cylinder is the power source; the No. B cylinder intake valve opens the airtight chamber of the cylinder to increase, and the gas increases (inhalation). At this time, the work of No. B cylinder consumes some power; At the same time, due to the leftward movement of the piston, the gas in cylinder D is compressed, forming an air spring (adiabatic compression process). At this time, the work of cylinder D consumes part of the power; at the same time, the exhaust valve of cylinder C opens (the opening moment is Isomatic cooling and decompression process), the exhaust gas in the C No. cylinder is discharged (40% heat loss), at this time, the C No. cylinder work consumes some mechanical power, and the shaft rotates 1/4 turn to the right.

As shown in Figure 4, the gas in cylinder D is ignited by the ignition plug to generate high temperature and high pressure (the moment of ignition is the process of isothermal temperature increase and pressure increase), and then perform work (adiabatic expansion and work process), push the piston to move to the right, and drive the drum to the right Rotate, and then drive the shaft to rotate to the right. At this time, the No. D cylinder is the power source; the No. C cylinder intake valve opens the airtight chamber of the cylinder, and the gas increases (inhalation). At this time, the work of No. C cylinder consumes some power; At the same time, due to the rightward movement of the piston, the gas in the No. B cylinder is compressed, forming an air spring (adiabatic compression process). At this time, the work of No. B cylinder consumes part of the power; at the same time, the exhaust valve of No. A cylinder opens (the opening moment is Isomatic cooling and decompression process), the exhaust gas in the D cylinder is discharged (40% of the heat energy loss), at this time the work of the D cylinder consumes some mechanical power, and the shaft rotates 1/4 turn to the right.

Each working chamber completes four strokes as a working cycle, and the shaft rotates 1/4 turn + 1/4 turn + 1/4 turn + 1/4 turn = 1 turn.

Claims (3)

1. The shuttle-type free piston engine of positive and negative screw rod, its characteristic is: the cylinder comprises a cylinder body (4), rotating shafts (7) which are assembled at two ends of the cylinder body through common bearing assemblies (14), wherein four rotating drums (13) which are positioned in an inner cavity of the cylinder body are fixedly arranged on the rotating shafts at intervals, left spiral grooves (5) are respectively arranged on the outer surfaces of the two rotating drums on the left, right spiral grooves (15) are respectively arranged on the outer surfaces of the two rotating drums on the right, a piston (1) is arranged between the rotating drums and the cylinder body, driving blocks (2) are arranged on the surface of an inner circular hole of the piston at intervals along the circumference, the driving blocks are respectively and movably embedded into the spiral grooves on the rotating drums, four baffles (16) are arranged on the surface of an outer circle of the piston at intervals, a sealing ring is arranged on the outer circle of each baffle, guide grooves (8) are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the inner circular hole of the cylinder body along the axis of the rotating shafts, guide blocks (3) which are movably matched with the guide grooves are arranged on the baffles along the axis of the rotating shafts, the inner circular hole of the cylinder body is provided with clapboards (17) which are staggered with the position of the clapboards at intervals, when the clapboards move left and right along with the piston, a closed cavity is formed between the clapboards and is respectively provided with an A cylinder (12), a B cylinder (18), a C cylinder (19) and a D cylinder (20) from left to right, and an inlet valve (9), an exhaust valve (11) and a spark plug (10) which are communicated with the cylinders are arranged at the position of the cylinder body close to the clapboards; the cylinder body position close to the partition plate is provided with an atomized lubricating oil nozzle (24) and an air outlet (23), and position sensors arranged on a left dead center (21) and a right dead center (22) detect and feed back information of the baffle plate moving to the left dead center and the right dead center and send out ignition, air suction and exhaust synchronous signals.

2. The positive and negative screw shuttle free piston engine of claim 1, wherein: the cross sections of the left spiral groove (5) and the right spiral groove (15) are square or trapezoidal.

3. The positive and negative screw shuttle free piston engine of claim 1, wherein: the four atomized lubricating oil nozzles (24) and the four air outlets (23) are respectively positioned on the cylinder body outside the two ends of the piston, on the cylinder body adjacent to the right side of the partition plate of the cylinder A and on the cylinder body adjacent to the left side of the partition plate of the cylinder D.

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