CN216697594U - A comprehensive experimental device for fluid mechanics - Google Patents

Abstract

One or more embodiments of this specification propose a fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device, including a body, a high water tank is installed on the upper part of one side of the main body, and a number of experimental pipes are installed on the lower part of one side of the high water tank, A pressure gauge is installed at one end of the main body, a flow meter and an experimental flow regulating valve are installed in sequence at one end of the several experimental pipes away from the high water tank, and a first overflow is installed in the high water tank along its width direction. A flow plate and a second overflow plate, a water stabilization orifice plate is installed between the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate, and a return water assembly is installed at the lower part of the main body. The fluid mechanics proposed in this specification The comprehensive experimental device is equipped with a flow meter on each experimental pipeline, and the flow rate in the pipe is recorded by reading the number of the flow meter, which improves the accuracy of the measurement value of the flow rate in the pipe. The pressure gauge adopts several pressure measuring pipes with scales. , which improves the accuracy of differential pressure measurement and facilitates the analysis and processing of experimental data.

Description

A comprehensive experimental device for fluid mechanics

technical field

One or more embodiments of this specification relate to the technical field of fluid mechanics experimental equipment, in particular, to a fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device.

Background technique

The fluid mechanics comprehensive device can be widely used in the verification of the relevant fluid mechanics comprehensive experiments in various universities and research institutes. The fluid mechanics comprehensive experiment is a professional experiment of environmental engineering. The following experiments can be carried out using this device: (1) Reynolds experiment; ( 2) Local resistance coefficient measurement experiment; (3) Venturi flow measurement flow experiment; (4) Pitot tube experiment; (5) Bernoulli equation experiment; (6) Along the way resistance coefficient measurement experiment. Through the Reynolds experiment, the flow state and transformation characteristics of laminar flow and turbulent flow are observed and judged, and the upper and lower Reynolds numbers are calculated and compared according to the pipe diameter, and then the critical Reynolds number is determined. By changing the flow rate of the resistance pipe, pitot tube and Venturi flowmeter along the way, the pressure difference between two points of the same horizontal pipeline in a stable state is measured, and the resistance coefficient along the way and the correction coefficient of the pipeline are obtained. The experimental principle is as follows:

Reynolds experiment: when the flow velocity is small, the fluid particles move only in the direction of motion, and the fluid is in a laminar flow state; when the flow velocity exceeds a certain critical value, the laminar flow state of the fluid is destroyed, the flow layers are confused with each other, and there is lateral movement locally. It presents an irregular vortex flow, and the fluid is in a state of laminar turbulence. Experiments show that from laminar flow to turbulent flow condition, it is represented by Reynolds number Re, which is the ratio of inertial force and viscous force. Reynolds can be calculated according to the pipe diameter d, the fluid velocity u in the pipe, the water flow density ρ and the viscosity μ. number.

Among them, Re: Reynolds number; ρ: the density of the fluid (kg/m3); u: the average flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe (m/s); d: the inner diameter of the pipe (m); μ: the fluid The dynamic viscosity (Pa·S)

(2) Venturi flowmeter: The venturi tube is thicker at both ends and thinner in the middle, and two vertical thin tubes are connected at the thicker and thinner parts, and the flow rate is measured by the pressure difference before and after the throttling element. According to the ratio of the actual flow rate and the theoretical flow rate obtained by the formula, the correction coefficient of the Venturi flowmeter is obtained.

Among them, Δh refers to the pressure difference between two points (m)

(3) Pitot tube: convert the kinetic energy of the fluid into pressure energy, and measure the speed of fluid flow through a pressure gauge. According to the actual flow velocity obtained and the pressure difference between the two pressure measuring points obtained from the manometer, the ratio of the theoretical flow velocity was obtained, and the correction coefficient of the pitot tube was obtained.

指一点上的动压强(m)；p0：一点上的总压强(m)；u：指流体在管道中的平均流速(m/s)Among them, p: refers to the static pressure at a point (m);

refers to the dynamic pressure at one point (m); p0: total pressure at one point (m); u: refers to the average flow velocity of the fluid in the pipeline (m/s)

(4) Bernoulli equation: the basic equation for the steady flow of an ideal fluid. For a steady flow of an ideal fluid, at any point in the same flow tube, the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy per unit volume of the fluid and the pressure there is a constant. In this experimental device, by selecting different pressure measuring points on the same horizontal pipeline for calculation, the kinetic energy and potential energy of the fluid at two points and the sum of the pressure at that location can be balanced.

(5) The resistance coefficient λ along the route: take the unit weight of the fluid as the basis for the balance calculation, and formulate the energy equation for the cross-section of the two measuring points along the pipeline. By selecting different pressure measuring points on the same horizontal pipeline for calculation, the head loss along the route can be obtained according to the pressure difference between the two points, and the resistance coefficient λ along the route can be obtained according to Darcy's formula.

H _f =Δh

Therefore, according to the above principles, the critical Reynolds number is determined by the comprehensive experimental device of fluid mechanics, the resistance coefficient λ along the route is determined, and the premise of finding the experimental law needs to obtain a more obvious and intuitive Reynolds experimental phenomenon and more accurate pressure difference and flow velocity in the pipe.

The Chinese patent with the application number CN201820123531.3 proposes a comprehensive experimental device called fluid mechanics, which includes an upper water pipe, a water inlet tank, a water supply tank, a metering high water tank, a return water pipe, a storage height integrated and installed on the upper or lower part of the test table. The water tank and the pressure measuring tube are characterized in that: the first test tube for measuring the resistance coefficient along the way, the second test tube for measuring the resistance coefficient along the way, the Reynolds test tube, and the flow check test tube are arranged between the water supply tank and the metering high water tank. , The local resistance coefficient measurement test tube, the flow check test tube is equipped with a Venturi short pipe; the upper water pipe, the water inlet tank, the water supply tank, the metering high water tank, the return water pipe, the high storage tank, the pressure measuring pipe, and the local resistance coefficient measurement experiment The tube constitutes a local resistance coefficient measurement experimental system, and the first along the resistance coefficient measurement experimental tube and the second along the resistance coefficient measurement experimental tube constitutes the along the resistance coefficient measurement experimental system, and the flow calibration experimental tube constitutes the Venturi flow calibration. Nuclear experiment system; upper water pipe, water inlet tank, water supply tank, metering high water tank, return water pipe, storage high water tank, ink tank set at the top of the water supply tank, three-way valve and drain pipe set on the return water pipe, which together with the Reynolds experimental pipe constitute a Reynolds experiment system;

The inventor found that the above-mentioned experimental device uses a measuring ruler as a manometer to measure the water level of each pressure measuring tube, and calculates the flow velocity in the tube by combining the volume of water obtained within a certain period of time with the diameter of the tube, and there are large measurements and experiments. Errors will bring great difficulty to the analysis and processing of experimental data, resulting in errors in the experimental results and affecting the drawing of experimental conclusions and laws.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the purpose of one or more embodiments of this specification is to provide a fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device to solve one or all of the above problems.

Based on the above purpose, a fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device proposed by one or more embodiments of this specification includes a main body, a high water tank is installed on the upper part of one side of the main body, and several water tanks are installed on the lower part of one side of the high water tank. An experimental pipeline, one end of the main body is equipped with a pressure gauge, the pressure gauge is communicated with the experimental pipeline, and one end of the several experimental pipelines away from the high water tank is sequentially installed with a flow meter to adjust the experimental flow A first overflow plate and a second overflow plate are installed in the high water tank along its width direction, and a water stabilization orifice plate is installed between the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate, so The height of the second overflow plate is lower than the height of the first overflow plate, and a backwater assembly is installed at the lower part of the body, and the backwater assembly, the high water tank and the experimental pipeline form a circulating water circuit.

Optionally, several of the experimental pipelines include a Pitot tube, a Venturi tube, a resistance coefficient measurement tube along the way, and a Reynolds experimental tube.

Optionally, the flowmeter is a differential pressure flowmeter.

Optionally, the manometer includes several graduated manometer tubes.

Optionally, the return water assembly includes a low water tank and a return water receiving tank, a suction pump is installed in the ground water tank, and a water inlet pipe is installed at the output end of the suction pump, and the end of the water inlet pipe penetrates upwards into the water inlet. A water outlet is installed in the high water tank, and the water outlet is located between the first overflow plate and the water stabilization orifice plate, and the low water tank also includes a drain pipe, and one end of the drain pipe runs through into the bottom of the high water tank, and located between the first overflow plate and the inner wall of the high water tank, the other end of the drain pipe extends downward into the low water tank, and the return water tank is installed On the side of the body away from the high water tank and below the water outlet of the experimental pipeline, a return pipe is connected to the lower part of the return water tank, and the water outlet end of the return pipe extends into the low water tank , the bottom of the low water tank is provided with a tank bottom drain.

Optionally, the bottom of the low water tank is provided with an inclined surface, and the water outlet at the bottom of the tank is located at the lower end of the inclined surface.

Optionally, a detachable cover is detachably installed on the upper part of the low water tank.

It can be seen from the above that the fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device proposed by one or more embodiments of this specification is installed on each experimental pipeline with a flowmeter, and the flowmeter adopts a differential pressure flowmeter. The flow rate in the pipe is recorded by the number to improve the accuracy of the measurement value of the flow rate in the pipe. The pressure gauge adopts several pressure measuring pipes with scales to replace the original movable measuring ruler, which improves the accuracy of the differential pressure measurement, and then It is convenient to analyze and process experimental data, reduce the error of experimental results, and improve the accuracy of experimental conclusions and laws.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments of the present specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, in the following description The accompanying drawings are only one or more embodiments of the present specification, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

1 is a front view of a fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device according to one or more embodiments of the specification;

2 is a top view of a fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device according to one or more embodiments of the specification;

Among them, the first overflow plate 1, the water stabilization orifice plate 2, the second overflow plate 3, the water outlet 4, the drain pipe 5, the water inlet pipe 6, the water pump 7, the red ink water tank 8, the bottom drainage port 9, the pressure measurement Meter 10, flow meter 11, experimental flow control valve 12, experimental pipeline outlet 13, return water tank 14, return water pipe 15, pitot tube 16, Venturi tube 17, resistance coefficient measurement tube 18 along the way, Reynolds test tube 19.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of the present specification shall have the usual meanings understood by those with ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish the various components. "Comprises" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or things appearing before the word encompass the elements or things recited after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or things. Words like "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right", etc. are only used to represent the relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

One or more embodiments of this specification propose a fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprising a body, a high water tank is installed on the upper part of one side of the main body, and a lower part of one side of the high water tank is installed Several experimental pipelines, one end of the main body is installed with a pressure gauge 10, the pressure gauge 10 is connected with the experimental pipeline, and one end of the several experimental pipelines away from the high water tank is sequentially installed with a flow meter 11 and an experimental flow regulating valve 12. A first overflow plate 1 and a second overflow plate 3 are installed along its width direction, and a water stabilization orifice 2 is installed between the first overflow plate 1 and the second overflow plate 3, and the second overflow plate 3 The height is lower than the height of the first overflow plate 1, the lower part of the main body is equipped with a backwater component, and the backwater component, the high water tank and the experimental pipeline form a circulating water circuit.

Among them, a flowmeter 11 is installed on each experimental pipeline, and the flowmeter 11 adopts a differential pressure flowmeter 11. The flow rate in the pipe is recorded by reading the indication of the flowmeter 11, which improves the accuracy of the measured value of the flow rate in the pipe. 10 It includes several pressure measuring tubes with scales, which replace the original movable measuring ruler, which improves the accuracy of differential pressure measurement, which facilitates the analysis and processing of experimental data, reduces the error of experimental results, and improves the experimental conclusions and rules. the resulting accuracy.

In one embodiment, the number of test tubes includes a pitot tube 16 , a venturi tube 17 , a drag coefficient measurement tube 18 , and a Reynolds test tube 19 . A red ink water tank 8 is also installed on the upper part of the high water tank. The water outlet pipe of the red ink water tank 8 passes through the high water tank vertically and downward, and is connected with the Reynolds test pipe 19 to form a Reynolds test device. The water outlet pipe is replaced by a straight pipe instead of the Reynolds test. The elbow of the device is increased, and the diameter of the outlet pipe is increased to reduce the loss along the way caused by too many elbows.

In one embodiment, the return water assembly includes a low water tank and a return water receiving tank 14, a water pump 7 is installed in the ground water tank, and a water inlet pipe 6 is installed at the output end of the water pump 7, and the end of the water inlet pipe 6 penetrates upward through the inlet high A water outlet 4 is installed in the water tank. The water outlet 4 is located between the first overflow plate 1 and the water stabilization orifice plate 2. The low water tank also includes a drain pipe 5. One end of the drain pipe 5 penetrates into the bottom of the high water tank. It is located between the first overflow plate 1 and the inner wall of the high water tank. The other end of the drain pipe 5 extends downward into the low water tank. The return water tank 14 is installed on the side of the body away from the high water tank, and is located at the outlet of the experimental pipeline. Below 13, the lower part of the return water receiving tank 14 is connected with a return water pipe 15, the water outlet end of the return water pipe 15 extends into the lower water tank, and the bottom of the lower water tank is provided with a tank bottom drain 9. Among them, the water pump 7 pumps the water in the low water tank from the water outlet 4 to between the first overflow plate 1 and the water stabilization orifice 2 in the high water tank, and the water flows to the water stabilization orifice through the holes on the water stabilization orifice 2 2 and the second overflow plate 3, the setting of the water stabilization orifice plate 2 can reduce the fluctuation of the water surface caused by too fast water inflow, and reduce the interference to the experiment. When the water stabilization orifice plate 2 and the second overflow plate When the water level between 3 is higher than the second overflow plate 3, the water flows to the high water tank. When the water inlet is too fast, the water level between the water stabilization orifice plate 2 and the first overflow plate 1 is higher than the first overflow plate. At 1:00, the water flows between the first overflow plate 1 and the inner wall of the high water tank, and is discharged back into the low water tank by the drain pipe 5 to prevent the water from flowing too fast and causing interference to the experiment. Then it flows into the low water tank through the return pipe 15 to form a circulating water path.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the low water tank is provided with an inclined surface, and the water outlet 9 at the bottom of the tank is located at the lower end of the inclined surface. Reduce the accumulation of water in the low water tank, which is convenient for subsequent use. In addition, the aperture at the pressure measuring point of the experimental pipeline is increased to facilitate the discharge of accumulated water in the pipeline and reduce the residual water in the experimental pipeline.

In one embodiment, the upper part of the low water tank is detachably installed with a separate cover to prevent dust or sundries from falling into the water tank.

When using it specifically:

1. Change the flow rate in the measuring tube by adjusting the experimental flow control valve 12, read the flow value by the differential pressure flowmeter 11, and record the value;

2. On the premise of not changing the flow rate, find the two pressure measuring pipes corresponding to the measuring pipe, read the values of the two pressure measuring pipes through the scale on the pressure measuring pipe, obtain the pressure difference under the flow rate, and record the value ;

3. Repeat the above steps 1 and 2 by continuously changing the flow rate to obtain a series of values, and perform data processing and other work according to the experimental principle formula;

4. After the experiment, open the drain at the bottom of the water tank and drain the water in the water tank to avoid the occurrence of water accumulation.

It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary, and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; under the spirit of the present disclosure, the above embodiments or Technical features in different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be carried out in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of one or more embodiments of this specification as described above, which are not in detail for the sake of brevity supply.

The embodiment or embodiments of this specification are intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of one or more embodiments of the present specification should be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus is synthesized to hydrodynamics, a serial communication port, which comprises a body, the high water tank is installed on the upper portion of one side of body, a plurality of experiment pipeline is installed to the lower part of one side of high water tank, the manometer is installed to the one end of body, the manometer with the experiment pipeline is linked together, a plurality of the experiment pipeline is kept away from flowmeter and experiment flow control valve are all installed in proper order to the one end of high water tank, install first overflow board and second overflow board along its width direction in the high water tank, first overflow board with install the water stabilizing hole board between the second overflow board, the height of second overflow board is less than the height of first overflow board, the return water subassembly is installed to the lower part of body, the return water subassembly with the high water tank with experiment pipeline constitution circulation water route.

2. The hydromechanical integrated experiment device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of experimental conduits comprise pitot tubes, venturi tubes, in-path drag coefficient measuring tubes, and reynolds experimental tubes.

3. The hydromechanical integrated experiment device of claim 1, wherein the flow meter is a differential pressure flow meter.

4. The hydromechanical integrated experiment device of claim 1, wherein the pressure gauge comprises a plurality of graduated pressure tubes.

5. The hydrodynamics comprehensive experiment device of claim 1, wherein the backwater component comprises a low water tank and a backwater receiving tank, a water pump is installed in the low water tank, a water inlet pipe is installed at the output end of the water pump, the end of the water inlet pipe upwards penetrates into the high water tank and is installed with a water outlet, the water outlet is located between the first overflow plate and the water stabilizing hole plate, a drain pipe is further included in the low water tank, one end of the drain pipe penetrates into the bottom of the high water tank and is located between the first overflow plate and the inner wall of the high water tank, the other end of the drain pipe downwards extends into the low water tank, the backwater receiving tank is installed on one side of the body far away from the high water tank and is located below the water outlet of the experiment pipeline, and the lower part of the backwater receiving tank is communicated with a backwater pipe, the water outlet end of the water return pipe extends into the low water tank, and the bottom of the low water tank is provided with a tank bottom water outlet.

6. The hydromechanical integrated experiment device according to claim 5, wherein an inclined surface is provided at the bottom of the low water tank, and the tank bottom drainage port is located at the lower end of the inclined surface.

7. The hydromechanical integrated experiment device according to claim 5, wherein a separate cover plate is detachably installed to the upper portion of the low water tank.

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