CN216654076U - Circulating fluidized bed boiler degree of depth desulfurization system - Google Patents
Circulating fluidized bed boiler degree of depth desulfurization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN216654076U CN216654076U CN202123087923.XU CN202123087923U CN216654076U CN 216654076 U CN216654076 U CN 216654076U CN 202123087923 U CN202123087923 U CN 202123087923U CN 216654076 U CN216654076 U CN 216654076U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a deep desulfurization system of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The system comprises a circulating fluidized bed boiler, an electric dust remover, a semi-dry desulfurization tower and a bag-type dust remover which are sequentially connected, and an automatic control unit, wherein the automatic control unit is suitable for real-time regulating the feeding amount of a desulfurizing agent in the boiler, the feeding amount of a desulfurizing agent outside the boiler and the supply amount of spray water according to actual detection data of a temperature detection device in the boiler, a first flue gas component detection device, a temperature detection device in the tower and a second flue gas component detection device, and by combining theoretical data comprising coal fuel parameters of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the operation load of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the preset purified flue gas quality and the preset working temperature of the semi-dry desulfurization tower. The system can be quickly adapted to the change of coal-based fuel entering a furnace, greatly reduce the overall consumption of the desulfurizer, improve the desulfurization efficiency and effect, and realize the economic operation and the ultralow sulfur emission of system desulfurization.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of chemical industry, and particularly relates to a deep desulfurization system of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
The Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) technology is a clean combustion technology with wide fuel adaptability, low-temperature intensified combustion, low pollution control cost and large load regulation range, is rapidly developed in China in recent decades, and has incomparable advantages particularly in the utilization of low-calorific-value fuel. The SO in the boiler can be realized by adding limestone with a certain particle size into the hearth of the CFB boiler2The effective removal of the sulfur can reach over 80 percent of the desulfurization efficiency in the CFB boiler under the condition of being suitable for the temperature of a hearth. In recent years, with the stricter environmental protection standard of China, the release of new atmospheric pollutant emission standard and the implementation of ultra-low emission requirement, most of domestic areas require all coal-fired units to execute SO2The discharge concentration is not higher than 35mg/m3The ultra-low emission requirement, the environmental protection pressure and the environmental protection cost of the CFB boiler are increased, and SO is difficult to achieve only by in-furnace desulfurization2Ultra low emission requirements.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the utility model aims to provide a circulating fluidized bed boiler deep desulfurization system for monitoring the temperature condition and SO in flue gas in the running process of the system in real time2When the flue gas components are equal, the feeding amount of the desulfurizer in the furnace, the water spraying amount of the tail semi-dry desulfurization tower and the feeding amount of the desulfurizer are automatically adjusted, so that the method can quickly adapt to the coal fuel entering the furnaceThe overall consumption of the desulfurizer is greatly reduced, and the desulfurization efficiency and effect and the desulfurization economy are improved.
The present application is mainly based on the following problems:
the deep desulfurization process of coupling inside and outside the furnace is to realize SO2The inevitable selection of ultralow emission, but the coal fuel used for the circulating fluidized bed boiler is generally poor, and the fuel is not fixed, mainly embodied in that the sulfur content in the fuel is high, and the volatility of the sulfur content in the fuel is large, which also results in SO in the flue gas of the circulating fluidized bed boiler in the actual operation process2Not only the emission concentration of (2) is higher, but also SO2The fluctuation of the emission concentration is very severe, and the realization of SO is greatly increased2The difficulty of controlling the ultra-low emission. In order to ensure final SO of circulating fluidized bed boiler in practical engineering2The emission is less than 35mg/m3The ultra-low emission requirement of the desulfurization device, enough margin must be left for the design and construction of the desulfurization equipment, and enough margin of the desulfurizing agent can be added in the operation process of the desulfurization device. Therefore, in recent years, the construction cost of the desulfurization device of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is greatly increased, the consumption of the desulfurizing agent is greatly increased, the desulfurization operation cost is increased, and problems of increased NOx emission, serious soot deposition on the heating surface of the boiler and the like caused by large investment of the desulfurizing agent are solved, so that the optimization of the in-furnace-out-furnace coupling deep desulfurization mode of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is urgently needed.
To this end, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a deep desulfurization system for a circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to an embodiment of the utility model, the system comprises:
the circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a hearth, the lower part of the hearth is provided with an in-furnace desulfurizer inlet, the in-furnace desulfurizer inlet is connected with an in-furnace desulfurizer storage bin through an in-furnace desulfurizer feeder, and the upper part of the hearth is provided with an in-furnace temperature detection device;
the electric dust remover comprises a furnace flue gas inlet and an electric dust removal flue gas outlet, the furnace flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and a first flue gas component detection device is arranged at the electric dust removal flue gas outlet;
the system comprises a semidry desulfurization tower, wherein the lower part of the semidry desulfurization tower is provided with an electric dust removal flue gas inlet and a spray water inlet, the electric dust removal flue gas inlet is connected with an electric dust removal flue gas outlet through a flue, one side of the flue, which is adjacent to the electric dust removal flue gas inlet, is provided with an external desulfurizer inlet, the external desulfurizer inlet is connected with an external desulfurizer storage bin through an external desulfurizer feeder, the spray water inlet is provided with a water spray regulating valve, and the upper part of the semidry desulfurization tower is provided with an in-tower temperature detection device;
the bag-type dust remover comprises an in-tower flue gas inlet, a purified flue gas outlet and a desulfurization product outlet, wherein the in-tower flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet of the semi-dry desulfurization tower, and the purified flue gas outlet is provided with a second flue gas component detection device;
the automatic control unit is connected with the in-furnace desulfurizer feeder, the in-furnace temperature detection device, the first flue gas component detection device, the out-furnace desulfurizer feeder, the water spray regulating valve, the in-tower temperature detection device and the second flue gas component detection device;
the automatic control unit is suitable for adjusting the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent in the furnace, the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace and the feeding amount of spray water in real time according to actual detection data of the furnace temperature detection device, the first flue gas component detection device, the tower temperature detection device and the second flue gas component detection device and by combining theoretical data comprising coal fuel parameters of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the operation load of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the preset purified flue gas quality and the preset working temperature of the semi-dry desulfurization tower.
The inventors have found that the circulating fluidized bed boiler operates differently under different operating loads, and that since the coal fuel used in the circulating fluidized bed boiler is frequently changed, the coal fuel used in the previous operation stage or in the previous stage is not necessarily suitable for the economy and low sulfur emission of the coal fuel used in the latter operation stage or in the latter stage,and when the operation load changes, the economic operation of the whole system is difficult to realize on the premise of meeting the smoke emission requirement, and the whole system is difficult to maintain the economical efficiency and low-sulfur emission all the time by adopting the empirical operation mode2Concentration, CO concentration, SO2Concentration), and the precise operation strategy is adopted to adjust the input amount of a desulfurizing agent (such as limestone) in the circulating fluidized bed boiler in real time, control the efficiency of desulfurization in the boiler and control SO in the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler2The emission concentration of (d); meanwhile, an accurate operation strategy is adopted to adjust the water spraying amount of the semi-dry desulfurization tower and the input amount of a desulfurizing agent outside the furnace (namely, a desulfurizing agent in the tower, such as slaked lime) in real time, control the desulfurization efficiency in the semi-dry desulfurization tower and finally discharge SO in the purified flue gas2The discharge concentration can not only improve the overall efficiency of the desulphurization in the circulating fluidized bed boiler and the desulphurization by the semidry method outside the boiler, improve the utilization rate of the desulfurizer, but also reduce the operation cost of the desulphurization, and adapt to the economic operation under the conditions of variable fuels and different operation loads. In conclusion, the system is simple and reliable, can quickly adapt to the change of coal fuel entering a furnace, greatly reduces the overall consumption of the desulfurizer, improves the desulfurization efficiency and effect and the desulfurization economy, always maintains the low-cost operation of the whole system and meets the requirement of SO in flue gas2Ultra low emission requirements for concentration.
In addition, the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
optionally, the automatic control unit is adapted to collect historical operation data during the operation of the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and modify, optimize and adjust the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent inside the boiler, the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent outside the boiler and the feeding amount of the spray water by combining the theoretical data and the real-time detection data, wherein the historical operation data comprises historical detection data and corresponding historical adjustment parameters.
Optionally, the automatic control unit is adapted to simulate and predict electric precipitation flue gas components and purified flue gas components obtained under the conditions of different coal quality fuel parameters, different operation loads, different reaction temperatures, different feeding amounts of the desulfurizing agent in the furnace and different feeding amounts of the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace according to the historical operation data and the theoretical data, and determine the optimal use amounts of the desulfurizing agent in the furnace, the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace and the spray water based on real-time detection data.
Optionally, circulating fluidized bed boiler degree of depth desulfurization system still includes desulfurization product warehouse, just the flue is close to one side of electric precipitation flue gas import is equipped with the desulfurization product import, the desulfurization product export with the desulfurization product warehouse with the desulfurization product import links to each other.
Optionally, the furnace temperature detection device and the tower temperature detection device are each independently a temperature sensor or a thermocouple.
Optionally, the in-furnace desulfurizer feeder and the out-of-furnace desulfurizer feeder are each independently a star feeder or a rotary feeder.
Additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a circulating fluidized bed boiler deep desulfurization system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations. In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on" or "over" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly or diagonally above the second feature, or that only the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature "under" or "beneath" a second feature may be that the first feature is directly under or obliquely under the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
According to one aspect of the utility model, the utility model provides a deep desulfurization system of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to the embodiment of the utility model, as described with reference to fig. 1, the system comprises a circulating fluidized bed boiler and an electric dust remover which are connected in sequenceA device 3, a semi-dry desulfurization tower 5, a bag-type dust collector 6 and an automatic control unit 9. Wherein, the temperature condition and SO in the flue gas in the operation process of the system can be monitored in real time through the automatic control unit2When the flue gas components are equal, the feeding amount of the desulfurizer in the furnace, the water spraying amount of the tail semi-dry desulfurization tower and the feeding amount of the desulfurizer are automatically adjusted, so that the aims of quickly adapting to the change of coal quality fuel entering the furnace, greatly reducing the overall consumption of the desulfurizer, and improving the desulfurization efficiency, effect and desulfurization economy are achieved. The circulating fluidized bed boiler deep desulfurization system according to the above embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as will be understood with reference to fig. 1, the circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a furnace chamber 1, a desulfurizer inlet in the furnace is provided at a lower portion of the furnace chamber 1, the desulfurizer inlet in the furnace is connected to a desulfurizer storage bin 2 in the furnace through a desulfurizer feeder 10 in the furnace, and a temperature detecting device 11 in the furnace is provided at an upper portion of the furnace chamber 1. The device for detecting the temperature in the furnace 11 is suitable for monitoring the temperature in the hearth 1 in real time, and the feeder 10 for the desulfurizing agent in the furnace is suitable for controlling the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent fed into the hearth 1; the circulating fluidized bed boiler can further comprise a cyclone separation device 1-1 and a heat exchange device 1-2, the cyclone separation device 1-1 is used for carrying out gas-solid separation on combustion flue gas of the hearth 1, and the separated flue gas is subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchange device 1-2 and then is supplied to an electric dust remover 3 for electric dust removal treatment. In addition, the in-furnace desulfurizer storage bin 2 can be a limestone storage bin, the inlet of the in-furnace desulfurizer feeder 10 can be connected with the bottom of the in-furnace desulfurizer storage bin 2, and the outlet of the in-furnace desulfurizer feeder 10 is connected with the hearth 1 of the circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to the embodiment of the utility model, coal fuel is combusted in a hearth 1 of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a desulfurizer (such as limestone) for desulfurization in the boiler is stored in a desulfurizer storage bin 2 in the boiler, the input amount of the desulfurizer (such as limestone) entering the hearth 1 is adjusted by a desulfurizer feeder 10 in the boiler, and combustion flue gas is discharged out of the circulating fluidized bed boiler after heat exchange for subsequent electric precipitation and semi-dry desulfurization. Further, the feeding device 10 for the in-furnace desulfurizing agent can be a star-type feeding device or a rotary-type feeding device, wherein the specific type of the rotary-type feeding device is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select the feeding device according to the actual requirement, such as a spiral-type, a drum-type, an impeller-type, a disc-type or a vibration-type feeding device. Further, the type of the temperature detecting device 11 in the furnace is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the type according to actual needs, such as a temperature sensor or a thermocouple. It should be noted that the desulfurizer feeder 10 and the temperature detector 11 in the furnace used in the present invention should be electrically connected to the automatic control unit 9.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the electric dust remover 3 comprises a furnace flue gas inlet and an electric dust removal flue gas outlet, the furnace flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the electric dust removal flue gas outlet is provided with a first flue gas component detection device 12, wherein the electric dust remover 3 is suitable for carrying out electric dust removal on flue gas generated by the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the first flue gas component detection device 12 is used for detecting flue gas components obtained after electric dust removal, and particularly can detect O in the electric dust removal flue gas2Concentration, CO concentration and SO2Concentration, etc.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the lower part of the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 is provided with an electric dust removal flue gas inlet and a spray water inlet, the electric dust removal flue gas inlet is connected with an electric dust removal flue gas outlet through a flue 18, one side of the flue 18 adjacent to the electric dust removal flue gas inlet is provided with an external desulfurizer inlet, the external desulfurizer inlet is connected with an external desulfurizer storage bin 4 through an external desulfurizer feeder 13, the spray water inlet is provided with a water spray regulating valve 14, and the upper part of the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 is provided with an in-tower temperature detection device 15. The semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 is suitable for performing external desulfurization, the temperature detection device 15 in the tower is suitable for monitoring the temperature in the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 in real time, the external desulfurizer feeder 13 is suitable for controlling the feeding amount of the desulfurizer fed into the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5, the water spray adjusting valve 14 is suitable for adjusting the using amount of spray water sprayed into the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 to reduce the temperature of electric dedusting flue gas, and further adjusting the temperature in the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5(ii) a In addition, the first smoke component detection device 12 may be disposed on the flue 18 and disposed adjacent to the outlet of the electric dust collector. The inventors have found that a circulating fluidized bed boiler can be desulphurised in the furnace by feeding limestone directly into the furnace, but with SO2The emission requirements are increasingly strict, and the SO in the final flue gas cannot be stably realized by only depending on the desulfurization in the furnace2Emission concentration of less than 35mg/m3The ultra-low emission requirement of the process requires additional external desulfurization measures. The circulating fluidized bed boiler adopts a furnace-outside coupled deep desulfurization system to fully utilize the combustion characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed, and the furnace-outside coupled deep desulfurization technology adopted by the circulating fluidized bed boiler needs to adopt a furnace-outside flue gas desulfurization technology, and the wet desulfurization process has the outstanding advantages of high desulfurization efficiency, strong adaptability to the sulfur content in coal, low desulfurizing agent consumption cost and the like, but also has the defects of complex system, high investment and operation cost and the like3And heavy metals, and the like, and the semi-dry process technology can be well combined with the advantages of the desulfurization in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and further utilizes the incompletely reacted limestone in the boiler, thereby improving the desulfurization efficiency and the limestone utilization rate. Therefore, a deep desulfurization process route combining desulfurization in the large circulating fluidized bed boiler and tail semi-dry desulfurization is selected, and part of generated SO is removed in the combustion process by desulfurization in the boiler2In addition, the mode of auxiliary semidry desulfurization outside the furnace can well improve the deep desulfurization capability of the boiler and realize the final SO in the flue gas2The concentration meets the requirement of ultralow emission, the consumption cost of the desulfurizer can be reduced, and the whole system is relatively simple and reliable.
Further, the external desulfurizer storage bin 4 can be a slaked lime storage bin, an inlet of the external desulfurizer feeder 13 can be connected with the bottom of the external desulfurizer storage bin 4, an outlet of the external desulfurizer feeder 13 is connected with the flue 18, and the external desulfurizer is fed into the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 by using the electric dedusting flue gas to be desulfurized outside the furnace. In addition, the external desulfurizing agent feeder 13 may be a star-shaped feeder or a rotary feeder, wherein the specific type of the rotary feeder is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select the rotary feeder according to the actual needs, for example, the rotary feeder may be a screw type, a drum type, an impeller type, a disc type or a vibration type feeder. Further, the type of the in-tower temperature detection device 15 is not particularly limited, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and may be, for example, a temperature sensor, a thermocouple, or the like. It should be noted that the external desulfurizer feeder 13 and the internal temperature detection device 15 selected in the present invention should be electrically connected to the automatic control unit 9.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the bag-type dust collector 6 comprises a flue gas inlet in the tower, a purified flue gas outlet and a desulfurization product outlet, wherein the flue gas inlet in the tower is connected with the flue gas outlet of the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5, and the purified flue gas outlet is provided with a second flue gas component detection device 17. Wherein, the bag-type dust collector 6 is suitable for bag-type dust collection of the flue gas output by the semi-dry method desulfurizing tower 5, and the second flue gas component detection device 17 is used for detecting the components of the purified flue gas obtained after the bag-type dust collection, in particular the O in the flue gas of the bag-type dust collection2Concentration, CO concentration and SO2Concentration, etc. the purified flue gas outlet can be connected with the chimney 8 through the induced draft fan 16 so as to send the purified flue gas into the chimney 8 to be discharged into the atmosphere. Further, circulating fluidized bed boiler degree of depth desulfurization system can still further include desulfurization product storage 7, and the flue 18 one side of neighbouring electric precipitation flue gas import can also be equipped with the desulfurization product import, the desulfurization product export can link to each other with desulfurization product storage 4 and desulfurization product import simultaneously, can make partly desulfurization product store in desulfurization product storage 4, reuse another part desulfurization product in semi-dry desulfurization tower 5, can send into semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 with another part desulfurization product through electric precipitation flue gas specifically, therefore not only can increase the air current disturbance in the tower, prolong the contact time of external desulfurizer and electric precipitation flue gas, improve external desulfurization effect and reachThe effect can also be realized by enabling the part of the desulfurization product which does not completely participate in the desulfurization reaction to continue to react with the sulfur-containing gas, thereby achieving the effect of further improving the utilization rate of the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the automatic control unit 9 is connected to the in-furnace desulfurizer feeder 10, the in-furnace temperature detection device 11, the first flue gas component detection device 12, the out-furnace desulfurizer feeder 13, the water spray regulation valve 4, the in-tower temperature detection device 15, and the second flue gas component detection device 17. The automatic control unit 9 is adapted to adjust the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent in the furnace, the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace, and the feeding amount of the spray water in real time according to actual detection data of the furnace temperature detection device 11, the first flue gas component detection device 12, the in-tower temperature detection device 15, and the second flue gas component detection device 17, and by combining theoretical data including coal fuel parameters of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the operation load of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the preset quality of purified flue gas, and the preset working temperature of the semi-dry desulfurization tower. Therefore, the temperature in the circulating fluidized bed boiler and the components of the discharged flue gas can be monitored in real time, the temperature in the semidry desulfurization tower and the components of the flue gas desulfurized outside the boiler can be monitored in real time, the consumption of the desulfurizing agent and the spray water can be adjusted in real time according to the actual conditions such as coal fuel parameters, system operation load and the like, and the low-cost operation of the whole system and the SO in the flue gas under the conditions of variable fuel conditions and different operation loads and the like can be realized2Ultra-low emission of concentration.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the automatic control unit 9 is further adapted to collect historical operation data during the operation of the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and modify, optimize and adjust the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent inside the boiler, the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent outside the boiler and the feeding amount of the spray water by combining theoretical data and real-time detection data, wherein the historical operation data comprises historical detection data and corresponding historical adjustment parameters, thereby being more beneficial to realizing low-cost desulfurization and ultra-low sulfur emission of the system. Further, the automatic control unit 9 is adapted to simulate and predict the parameters of the desulfurizer fed in the furnace according to the historical operating data and the theoretical data, and predict the parameters of the desulfurizer fed in the furnace according to the historical operating data and the theoretical data,And (3) obtaining electric precipitation flue gas components and purified flue gas components under the conditions of different feeding amounts of the external desulfurizer, and determining the optimal use amounts of the internal desulfurizer, the external desulfurizer and spray water based on real-time detection data. Wherein the optimal dosage can minimize the system desulfurization cost and SO in the flue gas2The ultralow emission of concentration is selected as a reference principle, and SO in the purified flue gas to be obtained can be preset in the actual operation process2The concentration is within a certain allowable range of emission, such as 35mg/m or less3Preferably 10 to 20mg/m3And strictly controlling the working temperature of the semi-dry desulfurization tower to be 70-80 ℃, simultaneously combining theoretical data such as coal fuel parameters, the operation load of a circulating fluidized bed boiler and the like, actual detection data and historical operation data, analyzing the optimal ratio of in-furnace desulfurization and out-furnace desulfurization, and adjusting the optimal dosage of in-furnace desulfurization agents, out-furnace desulfurization agents and spray water under different operation parameters so as to meet the requirements of the reference principle.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the circulating fluidized bed boiler deep desulfurization system acquires system operation data through the automatic control unit, and combines theoretical data (coal fuel parameters, boiler operation load and the like), the automatic control unit sends out corresponding instructions to adjust the in-furnace desulfurizer feeder, the out-furnace desulfurizer feeder and the water spray adjusting valve to operate according to a certain strategy, so that the in-furnace and out-furnace desulfurization degrees are respectively adjusted, the in-furnace and out-furnace desulfurization processes are coupled, and the in-furnace and out-furnace combined desulfurization process is optimized. The working mode of the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can comprise the following steps:
coal fuel is burnt in a hearth 1 of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a desulfurizer storage bin 2 in the boiler is internally provided with desulfurizer limestone for desulfurization in the boiler, the input amount of limestone entering the furnace is adjusted by a desulfurizer feeder 10 in the furnace, the flue gas discharged by the circulating fluidized bed boiler enters an electric dust remover 3 to remove most of the smoke dust in the flue gas, then the flue gas enters a semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 to carry out desulfurization outside the furnace, a desulfurizer slaked lime for semi-dry desulfurization is stored in a desulfurizer storage bin 4 outside the furnace, the input amount of the slaked lime entering the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 is adjusted by an external desulfurizer feeder 13, and then the degree of desulfurization outside the furnace is adjusted, the flue gas desulfurized outside the furnace enters a bag-type dust remover 6 for further dust removal, finally, the clean flue gas is sent to a chimney 8 by an induced draft fan 16 and is discharged into the atmosphere, and the desulfurization product enters a desulfurization product storage bin 7 from the bag-type dust remover 6 and is collected. The automatic control unit 9 collects the combustion temperature of the hearth 1 of the circulating fluidized bed boiler through the furnace temperature detection device 11, collects the smoke components discharged by the electric dust remover 3 through the first smoke component detection device 12, collects the reaction temperature in the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 through the in-tower temperature detection device 15, and collects the smoke components of the purified smoke before entering the chimney through the second smoke component detection device 17. The automatic control unit 9 comprehensively analyzes and obtains the desulfurization degree in the furnace through the electric dedusting smoke component data obtained by the first smoke component detection device 12, the combustion temperature of the hearth 1 obtained by the furnace temperature detection device 11 and the input of the external data of the system (including coal fuel parameters and the operation load of the circulating fluidized bed boiler); meanwhile, the automatic control unit 9 comprehensively analyzes and obtains the degree of the external desulfurization through the purified flue gas component data obtained by the second flue gas component detection device 17, the reaction temperature in the tower obtained by the in-tower temperature detection device 15 and the input of the external data of the system (including the coal fuel parameter and the operation load of the circulating fluidized bed boiler). Further, the automatic control unit 9 analyzes the optimum ratio of in-furnace and out-furnace desulfurization based on the obtained operation parameters, adjusts the input amount of limestone into the furnace by controlling the in-furnace desulfurizer feeder 10, adjusts the input amount of slaked lime into the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 by controlling the out-furnace desulfurizer feeder 13, and further adjusts the degree of out-furnace desulfurization.
In summary, the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the above embodiment of the present invention monitors the temperature of the furnace chamber and the components of the flue gas (including O) in real time based on the inside-outside desulfurization process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler2Concentration, CO concentration, SO2Concentration), and the precise operation strategy is adopted to adjust the input amount of a desulfurizing agent (such as limestone) in the circulating fluidized bed boiler in real time, and control the efficiency and the quality of desulfurization in the boilerSO in boiler outlet flue gas2The emission concentration of (d); meanwhile, an accurate operation strategy is adopted to adjust the water spraying amount of the semi-dry desulfurization tower and the input amount of a desulfurizing agent outside the furnace (namely, a desulfurizing agent in the tower, such as slaked lime) in real time, control the desulfurization efficiency in the semi-dry desulfurization tower and finally discharge SO in the purified flue gas2The discharge concentration can not only improve the overall efficiency of the desulphurization in the circulating fluidized bed boiler and the desulphurization by the semidry method outside the boiler, improve the utilization rate of the desulfurizer, but also reduce the operation cost of the desulphurization, and adapt to the economic operation under the conditions of variable fuels and different operation loads. In conclusion, the system is simple and reliable, can quickly adapt to the change of coal fuel entering a furnace, greatly reduces the overall consumption of the desulfurizer, improves the desulfurization efficiency and effect and the desulfurization economy, always maintains the low-cost operation of the whole system and meets the requirement of SO in flue gas2Ultra low emission requirements for concentration.
In order to facilitate understanding of the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the above embodiment of the present invention, a method for deep desulfurization using the above deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler will be described in detail. According to an embodiment of the utility model, the method comprises:
(1) supplying a desulfurizing agent in the furnace into the circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace 1 by using a desulfurizing agent feeder 10 in the furnace to carry out desulfurization treatment in the furnace, and detecting the temperature in the circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace 1 by using a temperature detection device 11 in the furnace
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the desulfurizing agent in the furnace can be selected as limestone, and after the desulfurizing agent in the furnace is supplied into the hearth 1 of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the desulfurizing process in the furnace is as follows: the hearth of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is generally at the working temperature of 850-900 ℃, limestone can fully generate roasting reaction at the temperature, calcium carbonate is decomposed into calcium oxide, the calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide generated by coal combustion are subjected to salinization reaction to generate calcium sulfate, and the calcium sulfate is discharged in a solid form to achieve the aim of desulfurization. The main reaction equation for in-furnace desulfurization:
CaCO3＝CaO+CO2
CaO+SO2+1/2O2＝CaSO4，
the circulating fluidized bed boiler can realize high-efficiency and low-cost desulfurization in the boiler, wherein the feeding amount of limestone can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of a desulfurizer feeder in the boiler, and then the desulfurization degree in the boiler is adjusted.
(2) The electric dust remover 3 is used for carrying out electric dust removal treatment on the smoke discharged by the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the first smoke component detection device 12 is used for detecting electric dust removal smoke components obtained by the electric dust removal treatment
Wherein SO in the finally obtained purified flue gas can be preset2The concentration is 10-20 mg/m3Thereby further ensuring ultra-low emission of sulfur, wherein SO is in the purified flue gas2The concentration can be used as an influence factor of in-furnace desulfurization and out-of-furnace desulfurization distribution, the working temperature of the semi-dry desulfurization tower, other theoretical data and operation data are combined, the share of in-furnace desulfurization is distributed, the in-furnace desulfurization degree is controlled, and the electric precipitation flue gas component in the expected sulfur concentration range is obtained. Wherein, SO in the electric precipitation flue gas measured by the first flue gas component detection device2Concentration and SO in flue gas output by circulating fluidized bed boiler2Has the following relationship:
wherein,
is SO in the flue gas output by the circulating fluidized bed boiler2Theoretical control of concentration of (1), mg/m3；
SO in the electric precipitation flue gas measured by the first flue gas component detection device2Actual measured concentration of (2), mg/m3(ii) a Beta is S element to SO in coal fuel2The proportion of conversion;Saris the S content,%, of the received radicals in the coal-based fuel; qar.netMJ/kg is the received base lower calorific value of the fuel. It is noted that SO is contained in the flue gas discharged from the circulating fluidized bed boiler2Is the theoretically recommended SO2Is the concentration of SO obtained by desulfurizing the flue gas generated by the circulating fluidized bed boiler in the furnace2Concentration value of (2), measured SO in electric precipitation flue gas2The concentration of (d) is within a range of ± 15% from the preset concentration. In addition, SO in the electric precipitation flue gas measured by the first flue gas component detection device2The concentration of SO in the original flue gas (without in-furnace desulfurization) generated by the circulating fluidized bed boiler2The concentration is 0.15-0.5 times.
(3) The electric dust removal flue gas is supplied into the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 through a flue 18, the spray water is supplied into the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 by a spray water adjusting valve 14 to adjust the temperature in the tower, the external desulfurizing agent is supplied into the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 by an external desulfurizing agent feeder 13 to perform the external desulfurization treatment, and the temperature in the semi-dry desulfurization tower is detected by an internal temperature detection device 15
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the temperature in the semi-dry desulfurization tower 5 can be adjusted to 70-80 ℃, so that the efficiency and effect of external desulfurization can be further ensured. The semi-dry desulfurization is characterized in that materials are subjected to internal circulation and high-rate external circulation in a desulfurization tower, so that after chemical reaction of an external desulfurizer in an absorption tower, formed solid powder floats in flue gas, the gas-solid mixed flue gas is laterally discharged from an outlet at the top of the desulfurization tower and then enters bag-type dust removal equipment for dust removal treatment, finally, the purified flue gas enters a chimney through a boiler fan and is discharged, solid particles captured by the bag-type dust removal equipment return to the desulfurization tower through a recirculation system to continue to participate in the chemical reaction, and therefore, the flue gas enters a repeated circulation process. Wherein, the external desulfurizer can be selected as slaked lime, and the main reaction equation of the semi-dry desulfurization is as follows:
Ca(OH)2+SO2＝CaSO3+1/2H2O
Ca(OH)2+SO3+H2O＝CaSO4+2H2O
Ca(OH)2+SO2+1/2O2＝CaSO4+H2O。
the feeding amount of the limestone can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the desulfurizer feeder outside the furnace, so that the desulfurization degree outside the furnace can be adjusted.
(4) The bag-type dust removal treatment is carried out on the flue gas discharged by the semi-dry method desulfurization tower 5 by using a bag-type dust remover 6, and the electric precipitation flue gas components obtained by the electric precipitation treatment are detected by using a second flue gas component detection device 17 to obtain qualified purified flue gas
According to the embodiment of the utility model, SO in qualified purified flue gas can be preset2The concentration is 10-20 mg/m3By combining the actual detected SO in the cleaned flue gas2The distribution and the degree of the desulphurization in the furnace and the desulphurization outside the furnace are further adjusted by the concentration, thereby ensuring the SO in the finally discharged flue gas2The concentration is not more than 35mg/m3. In addition, the solid particles (namely desulfurization products) captured by the bag-type dust remover can be partially returned to the semi-dry desulfurization tower for further recycling, so that the air flow disturbance in the semi-dry desulfurization tower can be increased, the contact time of an external desulfurizer and electric dust removal flue gas can be prolonged, the external desulfurization effect can be improved, and the part (such as CaSO) which does not completely participate in the desulfurization reaction in the desulfurization products can be also used (such as CaSO)3) And the reaction with sulfur-containing gas is continued, so that the effect of further improving the utilization rate of the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace is achieved.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the automatic control unit 9 is utilized to adjust the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent in the furnace, the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace and the feeding amount of the spray water in real time according to the actual detection data of the furnace temperature detection device 11, the first flue gas component detection device 12, the in-tower temperature detection device 15 and the second flue gas component detection device 17 and by combining theoretical data comprising coal fuel parameters of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the operation load of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the preset quality of purified flue gas and the preset working temperature of the semi-dry desulfurization tower. Further, the automatic control unit 9 can collect the history of the operation process of the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boilerAnd (4) correcting, optimizing and adjusting the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent in the furnace, the feeding amount of the desulfurizing agent outside the furnace and the feeding amount of spray water by combining theoretical data and real-time detection data. Furthermore, the automatic control unit 9 can simulate and predict the electric precipitation flue gas components and the purified flue gas components obtained under the conditions of different coal quality fuel parameters, different operation loads, different reaction temperatures, different feeding amounts of the in-furnace desulfurizing agent and different feeding amounts of the out-furnace desulfurizing agent according to historical operation data and theoretical data, and determine the optimal using amounts of the in-furnace desulfurizing agent, the out-furnace desulfurizing agent and the spray water based on real-time detection data, thereby being more beneficial to enabling the whole system to always maintain low-cost operation and meeting the requirement of SO in the flue gas2Ultra-low emission of concentration.
In summary, the method for deep desulfurization according to the embodiment of the present invention can not only improve the overall efficiency of the in-furnace desulfurization and the out-of-furnace semi-dry desulfurization of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, improve the utilization rate of the desulfurizing agent, but also reduce the operation cost of the desulfurization, and is suitable for the economic operation under the conditions of variable fuels and different operation loads. Has the advantages of simplicity, reliability, quick adaptation to the change of coal-based fuel entering a furnace, great reduction of the overall consumption of a desulfurizer, improvement of the desulfurization efficiency and effect and desulfurization economy, low-cost operation of the whole system, and satisfaction of SO in flue gas2Ultra low emission requirements for concentration. It should be noted that the features and effects described for the above deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler are also applicable to the deep desulfurization method, and are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that the deep desulfurization system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler and the method for deep desulfurization by using the system are not only suitable for desulfurization control of the whole system under a normal working state, but also suitable for desulfurization under an abnormal working state.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
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