CN216073121U - A seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization - Google Patents
A seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN216073121U CN216073121U CN202120879470.5U CN202120879470U CN216073121U CN 216073121 U CN216073121 U CN 216073121U CN 202120879470 U CN202120879470 U CN 202120879470U CN 216073121 U CN216073121 U CN 216073121U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种基于蒸汽再压缩和发动机余热利用的海水淡化装置，包括海水管路、第一级换热器、第二级换热器、第三级换热器、蒸发器、设于蒸发器内的蒸发器盘管、蒸汽管路、压缩机、淡水管路、发动机冷却水管路、浓盐水管路以及安全系统，所述海水管路依次连接第一级换热器冷端、第二级换热器冷端、第三级换热器冷端和蒸发器，蒸发器、压缩机以及蒸发器盘管之间通过蒸汽管路连接，淡水管路依次连接蒸发器盘管、第三级换热器热端和第一级换热器热端，第二级换热器热端与发动机冷却水管路连接，浓盐水管路与蒸发器底部的出口相连接。本实用新型能耗低，结构紧凑占地小，进一步降低了能耗和紧凑了结构。提高传热温差，降低传热面积，进一步紧凑结构。
A seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization, comprising a seawater pipeline, a first-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, an evaporator, and a Evaporator coils, steam pipelines, compressors, fresh water pipelines, engine cooling water pipelines, concentrated brine pipelines and safety systems, the seawater pipelines are sequentially connected to the cold end of the first-stage heat exchanger and the second-stage heat exchange The cold end of the evaporator, the cold end of the third-stage heat exchanger and the evaporator, the evaporator, the compressor and the evaporator coil are connected by a steam pipeline, and the fresh water pipeline is connected to the evaporator coil and the third-stage heat exchanger in turn. The hot end is connected with the hot end of the first-stage heat exchanger, the hot end of the second-stage heat exchanger is connected with the engine cooling water pipeline, and the concentrated brine pipeline is connected with the outlet at the bottom of the evaporator. The utility model has low energy consumption, compact structure and small footprint, further reducing energy consumption and compact structure. Increase the heat transfer temperature difference, reduce the heat transfer area, and further compact the structure.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a seawater desalination device, in particular to a seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization.
Background
In common speaking, the three thirds of land and the seven cents of sea store wide energy sources in the sea. When a ship sails in open sea, personnel and equipment need to consume a large amount of fresh water, and once problems occur in fresh water supply, the whole ship is in danger. In addition to carrying fresh water for going out in current-stage ship sailing, another way for supplying fresh water is to use a seawater desalination device to produce water.
Aiming at small and medium-sized ships, the space in the ship is tight, and the fresh water carried by the ship occupies a large amount of effective space, reduces the volume of a cargo hold and influences the economic benefit, and proper equipment is often needed for the problem of water quality maintenance during fresh water storage. Ships are therefore more inclined to provide fresh water when underway ocean-going by using desalination plants. The current practical seawater desalination methods are a permeation membrane method and a distillation method, wherein the permeation membrane method becomes a main technology of seawater desalination due to low energy consumption, but the permeation membrane method also has the defects, for example, the produced fresh water is low-salt seawater substantially, still contains considerable soluble salt, is not pure fresh water, and has limited application range. The distillation method can provide pure fresh water, but the evaporation energy consumption is large, so the application is not many, in a large-scale seawater desalination plant on the shore, the evaporation waste heat is recycled by adopting a multi-effect evaporation process to improve the energy utilization efficiency, but the multi-effect evaporation means a plurality of boilers, and the occupied area of the boilers is not acceptable by medium and small ships. The steam re-evaporation technology which is started in recent years can change waste heat secondary steam into high-quality raw steam again to be used as a distillation heat source again through a heat pump principle, and is efficient, energy-saving and small in occupied area. Conventional vapor compression recycling techniques require raw steam supply or electrical heating at initial start-up, and are particularly wasteful of providing raw steam on board with limited electrical power for heating. When the marine engine normally works, the temperature of the cooling water is about 80 ℃, and the temperature is close to the boiling point of water under normal atmospheric pressure. Most of the heat is dissipated with cooling water or air, and is not effectively utilized. In addition, seawater evaporation and scaling can affect heat exchange efficiency.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization. The high-temperature engine cooling water is introduced into the heat exchange system, a raw steam source and electric heating equipment during starting are omitted, the heat of the part can be utilized to increase the heat transfer temperature difference during normal operation, the heat transfer area is reduced, the occupied area and the weight of the equipment are reduced, the energy utilization rate of the evaporation type seawater desalination device is improved, the seawater desalination device has a more compact size, and the device is more suitable for small and medium ships. Regular cleaning is made possible by an efficient design.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
the seawater desalination device comprises a seawater pipeline, a first-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, an evaporator coil, a steam pipeline, a compressor, a fresh water pipeline, an engine cooling water pipeline, a strong brine pipeline and a safety system, wherein the evaporator coil, the steam pipeline, the compressor, the fresh water pipeline, the engine cooling water pipeline, the strong brine pipeline and the safety system are arranged in the evaporator, the seawater pipeline is sequentially connected with the cold end of the first-stage heat exchanger, the cold end of the second-stage heat exchanger, the cold end of the third-stage heat exchanger and the evaporator, the compressor and the evaporator coil are connected through the steam pipeline, the fresh water pipeline is sequentially connected with the evaporator coil, the hot end of the third-stage heat exchanger and the hot end of the first-stage heat exchanger, the hot end of the second-stage heat exchanger is connected with the engine cooling water pipeline, the strong brine pipeline is connected with an outlet at the bottom of the evaporator, and the safety system comprises a pressure gauge, The steam pressure gauge comprises a pressure gauge connecting pipe and a safety valve, wherein the pressure gauge is used for detecting steam pressure, and the compressor is connected with a rotor motor.
Preferably, the seawater pipeline comprises a low-temperature seawater inlet pipe, a medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe, a medium-high temperature seawater inlet pipe and a high-temperature seawater inlet pipe, wherein two ends of the medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe are respectively connected with the first-stage heat exchanger and the second-stage heat exchanger, two ends of the medium-high temperature seawater inlet pipe are respectively connected with the second-stage heat exchanger and the third-stage heat exchanger, and two ends of the high-temperature seawater inlet pipe are respectively connected with the third-stage heat exchanger and the evaporator.
Preferably, the steam pipeline comprises a low-temperature steam pipe and a high-temperature steam pipe, one end of the low-temperature steam pipe is connected with the top of the evaporator, the other end of the low-temperature steam pipe is connected with the inlet of the compressor, a gas-liquid separator is arranged at the joint of the evaporator and the low-temperature steam pipe, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the high-temperature steam pipe, and the high-temperature steam pipe is connected with the evaporator coil.
Preferably, the fresh water pipeline comprises a high-temperature fresh water inlet pipe, a medium-temperature fresh water inlet pipe and a fresh water outlet pipe, wherein two ends of the high-temperature fresh water inlet pipe are respectively connected with the evaporator coil and the third-stage heat exchanger, and two ends of the medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe are respectively connected with the third-stage heat exchanger and the first-stage heat exchanger.
Further preferably, the engine cooling water line includes an engine cooling water inlet pipe and an engine cooling water outlet pipe.
Preferably, the strong brine pipeline comprises a strong brine inlet pipe and a strong brine outlet pipe, the strong brine inlet pipe is connected with the bottom of the evaporator, and a strong brine pump is connected between the strong brine inlet pipe and the strong brine outlet pipe.
Preferably, the pressure gauge comprises a first pressure gauge, a second pressure gauge and a third pressure gauge, the pressure gauge connecting pipe comprises a first pressure gauge connecting pipe, a second pressure gauge connecting pipe and a third pressure gauge connecting pipe, the first pressure gauge is connected with the low-temperature steam pipe through the first pressure gauge connecting pipe, the second pressure gauge is connected with the evaporator through the second pressure gauge connecting pipe, the third pressure gauge is connected with the high-temperature steam pipe through the third pressure gauge connecting pipe, the safety valve comprises a first safety valve and a second safety valve, the first safety valve is connected with the high-temperature steam pipe, and the second safety valve is connected with the evaporator.
Preferably, a bracket is arranged on the upper cover plate of the evaporator, and the first-stage heat exchanger, the second-stage heat exchanger, the third-stage heat exchanger, the compressor and the rotor motor are all arranged on the bracket.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
compared with a direct evaporation method for preparing fresh water, the utility model has low energy consumption, has compact structure and small occupied area for preparing fresh water by multiple-effect evaporation, introduces engine cooling water and vacuum evaporation to reduce the boiling point of seawater for the conventional mechanical steam compression technology, saves the requirements on steam and electric heating during starting, further reduces energy consumption, has compact structure, and has the characteristic of easy disassembly and washing after compact structure. Through reasonable arrangement of all stages of heat exchangers and heat sources thereof, the heat transfer temperature difference is improved on the basis of not increasing the energy consumption, the heat transfer area is reduced, and the structure is further compact.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a seawater desalination plant of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater desalination plant of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a half-sectional view of FIG. 2
In the figure: 1-external portable container, 2-first pressure gauge connecting pipe, 3-second pressure gauge connecting pipe, 4-third pressure gauge connecting pipe, 5-evaporator, 6-strong brine outlet pipe, 7-medium and low temperature sea water inlet pipe, 8-strong brine inlet pipe, 9-engine cooling water outlet pipe, 10-engine cooling water inlet pipe, 11-second stage heat exchanger, 12-bracket, 13-strong brine pump, 14-medium and high temperature sea water inlet pipe, 15-low temperature steam pipe, 16-rotor motor, 17-compressor, 18-high temperature steam pipe, 19-third stage heat exchanger, 20-high temperature sea water inlet pipe, 21-medium temperature fresh water inlet pipe, 22-first stage heat exchanger, 23-first pressure gauge, 24-second pressure gauge, 25-third pressure gauge, 26-low temperature sea water inlet pipe, 27-fresh water outlet pipe, 28-upper cover plate, 29-first valve, 30-gas-liquid separator, 31-a first safety valve, 32-a second safety valve, 33-a high-temperature fresh water inlet pipe, 34-an evaporator coil, 35-a coil support and 36-a second valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A seawater desalination device based on vapor recompression and engine waste heat utilization comprises a seawater pipeline, a first-stage heat exchanger 22, a second-stage heat exchanger 11, a third-stage heat exchanger 19, an evaporator 5, an evaporator coil 34 arranged in the evaporator 5, a vapor pipeline, a compressor 17, a fresh water pipeline, an engine cooling water pipeline, a strong brine pipeline and a safety system, wherein the seawater pipeline is sequentially connected with the cold end of the first-stage heat exchanger 22, the cold end of the second-stage heat exchanger 11, the cold end of the third-stage heat exchanger 19 and the evaporator 5, the compressor 17 and the evaporator coil 34 are connected through the vapor pipeline, the fresh water pipeline is sequentially connected with the evaporator coil 34, the hot end of the third-stage heat exchanger 19 and the hot end of the first-stage heat exchanger 22, the hot end of the second-stage heat exchanger 11 is connected with the engine cooling water pipeline, the strong brine pipeline is connected with an outlet at the bottom of the evaporator 5, the safety system comprises a pressure gauge, a pressure gauge connecting pipe and a safety valve, the compressor 17 is connected with a rotor motor 16, and the rotor motor provides power for the compressor.
The seawater pipeline comprises a low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 26, a medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe 7, a medium-high temperature seawater inlet pipe 14 and a high-temperature seawater inlet pipe 20, wherein two ends of the medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe 7 are respectively connected with a first-stage heat exchanger 22 and a second-stage heat exchanger 11, two ends of the medium-high temperature seawater inlet pipe 14 are respectively connected with a second-stage heat exchanger 11 and a third-stage heat exchanger 19, and two ends of the high-temperature seawater inlet pipe 20 are respectively connected with the third-stage heat exchanger 19 and an evaporator 5. The low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 26 is connected with a cold end inlet of the first-stage heat exchanger 22, a cold end outlet of the first-stage heat exchanger 22 is connected with the medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe 7, the other end of the medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe 7 is connected with a cold end inlet of the second-stage heat exchanger 11, a cold end outlet of the second-stage heat exchanger 11 is connected with the medium-high temperature seawater inlet pipe 7, the other end of the medium-high temperature seawater inlet pipe 7 is connected with a cold end inlet of the third-stage heat exchanger 19, a cold end outlet of the third-stage heat exchanger 19 is connected with the high-temperature seawater inlet pipe 20, and the other end of the high-temperature seawater inlet pipe 20 is connected with the evaporator 5.
When the seawater desalination device is started, the compressor 17 is started, a vacuum environment is formed in the evaporator 5, the vacuum is transmitted to the seawater suction inlet through the air inlet pipeline, and seawater flows into the seawater inlet pipeline from the low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 26. The seawater in the water inlet pipeline flows as follows: during continuous operation, seawater flows into the first-stage heat exchanger 22 through the low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 26 and is preheated in the first-stage heat exchanger 22, then flows into the medium-low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 7, then flows into the second-stage heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with engine cooling water provided by an engine cooling system, then flows out of the second-stage heat exchanger 11, flows into the medium-high-temperature seawater inlet pipe 14, flows into the third-stage heat exchanger 19 to exchange heat with high-temperature fresh water flowing into the third-stage heat exchanger, and flows out of the high-temperature seawater inlet pipe 20 after heat exchange and then flows into the evaporator 5 to be evaporated. Since no high-temperature steam is generated in the evaporator 5 at the time of starting, no high-temperature fluid is present in the first-stage heat exchanger 22 and the third-stage heat exchanger 19, and heat exchange is performed only by the second-stage heat exchanger 11.
The steam pipeline comprises a low-temperature steam pipe 15 and a high-temperature steam pipe 18, one end of the low-temperature steam pipe 15 is connected with the top of the evaporator 5, the other end of the low-temperature steam pipe 15 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 17, a gas-liquid separator 30 is arranged at the joint of the evaporator 5 and the low-temperature steam pipe 15, the outlet of the compressor 17 is connected with the high-temperature steam pipe 18, and the high-temperature steam pipe 18 is connected with the evaporator coil 34. The evaporator coil 34 is mounted on a coil support 35. The steam in the steam pipeline flows as follows: in the continuous working stage, the high-temperature seawater exchanges heat with the high-temperature steam in the evaporator coil 34 to evaporate in the evaporator 5, the evaporated steam is discharged with liquid foam in the steam through the gas-liquid separator 30 and then enters the compressor 17 through the low-temperature steam pipe 15, the high-temperature steam is compressed in the compressor 17 to form high-pressure high-temperature steam, then the high-temperature steam is discharged into the evaporator coil 34 through the high-temperature steam pipe 18, and the high-temperature steam in the evaporator coil 34 exchanges heat with the high-temperature seawater in the evaporator 5 and is condensed into high-temperature fresh water. In the starting working stage, only the second-stage heat exchanger 11 works, so the temperature of the high-temperature seawater does not reach the boiling point, but at the moment, because the compressor continuously works, the gas in the evaporator 5 is sucked away by the compressor, the liquid in the evaporator 5 cannot evaporate and supplement the sucked gas because the boiling point is not reached, the air pressure in the evaporator 5 continuously decreases, because the air pressure decreases, the boiling point of the seawater also continuously decreases, when the boiling point decreases to the temperature of the high-temperature seawater, the high-temperature seawater boils, high-temperature steam and later high-temperature fresh water begin to be generated, the first-stage heat exchanger 22 and the third-stage heat exchanger 19 begin to have heat sources, and at this moment, the continuous working stage described before will be entered.
The fresh water pipeline comprises a high-temperature fresh water inlet pipe 33, a medium-temperature fresh water inlet pipe 21 and a fresh water outlet pipe 27, two ends of the high-temperature fresh water inlet pipe 33 are respectively connected with the evaporator coil 34 and the third-stage heat exchanger 19, and two ends of the medium-low temperature seawater inlet pipe 21 are respectively connected with the third-stage heat exchanger 19 and the first-stage heat exchanger 22. The fresh water in the fresh water pipeline specifically flows as follows: the high-temperature fresh water condensed in the evaporator coil 34 flows into the third-stage heat exchanger 19 from the high-temperature fresh water inlet pipe 33 to heat the medium-temperature seawater in the third-stage heat exchanger 19, flows out of the third-stage heat exchanger 19, flows into the medium-temperature fresh water outlet pipe 21, then flows into the first-stage heat exchanger 22 to preheat the seawater which previously flows into the first-stage heat exchanger 22, reduces the temperature of the seawater to the normal temperature, then flows into the fresh water outlet pipe 27, and is collected by the external portable container 1.
The engine cooling water line includes an engine cooling water inlet pipe 10 and an engine cooling water outlet pipe 9. The cooling water in the engine cooling water pipeline specifically flows as follows: the engine cooling water in the engine cooling water inlet pipe 10 flows in from the hot end inlet of the second-stage heat exchanger 11, exchanges heat with medium-low temperature seawater in the second-stage heat exchanger 11, flows out from the hot end outlet of the second-stage heat exchanger 11, and flows into the engine cooling water outlet pipe 9.
The strong brine pipeline includes strong brine inlet tube 8 and strong brine outlet pipe 6, and strong brine inlet tube 8 is connected with 5 bottoms of evaporimeter, is connected with strong brine pump 13 between strong brine inlet tube 8 and the strong brine outlet pipe 6. The strong brine in the strong brine pipeline flows as follows: the strong brine left after the high-temperature seawater in the evaporator 5 is evaporated enters the strong brine inlet pipe 8 under the action of the strong brine pump 13, passes through the strong brine pump 13, enters the strong brine outlet pipe 6 again and is discharged.
The pressure gauge is used for detecting steam pressure, and the pressure gauge includes first pressure gauge 23, second pressure gauge 24 and third pressure gauge 25, and the pressure gauge takeover includes first pressure gauge takeover 2, second pressure gauge takeover 3 and third pressure gauge takeover 4, and first pressure gauge 23 connects low temperature steam pipe 15 through first pressure gauge takeover 2, and second pressure gauge 24 connects evaporimeter 5 through second pressure gauge takeover 3, and high temperature steam pipe 18 is connected through third pressure gauge takeover 4 to third pressure gauge 25, the relief valve includes first relief valve 31 and second relief valve 32, and high temperature steam pipe 18 is connected to first relief valve 31, and evaporimeter 5 is connected to second relief valve 32. The pressure gauge 23 is connected with the pressure gauge adapter 2 to the low-temperature steam pipe 14 so as to detect the steam pressure in the pipe. The pressure gauge 24 is connected with the pressure tap 3 at the top of the evaporator 5 so as to detect the pressure of the steam in the evaporator 5. The pressure gauge 25 is connected with the pressure gauge connecting pipe 4 to the high-temperature steam pipe 18 so as to detect the steam pressure in the pipe. The safety valves 31, 32 are used to prevent the pressure in the high temperature steam pipe 18 and the evaporator 5 from being too high.
The upper cover plate of the evaporator 5 is provided with a bracket 12, and the first-stage heat exchanger 22, the second-stage heat exchanger 11, the third-stage heat exchanger 19, the compressor 17 and the rotor motor 16 are all arranged on the bracket 12. The upper cover plate can be lifted to clean the inner wall of the evaporator 5, and particularly the evaporator coil 34 can be taken out along with the upper cover plate, and the coil has a regular shape and enough space for mechanical descaling. The seawater desalination device can be cleaned and descaled in the rest period after the ship goes out of the sea, so that the seawater desalination device works in an efficient and sanitary range.
The engine cooling water inlet pipe 10 is connected with a first valve 29, and the fresh water outlet pipe 27 is connected with a second valve 36.
The seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization provided by the utility model has the following operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the first valve 29 is actuated to feed engine cooling water to the second heat exchanger 11.
Step two: the second valve 36 is opened to start the rotor motor 16 to drive the compressor 17 to work, negative pressure is formed in the evaporator 5 and is conducted to the low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 26 along the pipeline and the heat exchanger, and seawater is sucked from the system. Seawater is input into the device along a low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 26, the temperature is increased under the action of a first-stage heat exchanger 22, a second-stage heat exchanger 11 and a third-stage heat exchanger 19, the seawater is input into an evaporator 5 for evaporation, evaporated steam enters a compressor 17 for compression and temperature increase, the temperature is reduced under the action of the evaporator 5, the third-stage heat exchanger 19 and the first-stage heat exchanger 22 to form fresh water, and the fresh water is discharged to an external portable container 1. The concentrated brine pump 13 is started to discharge the concentrated brine.
Step three: after the introduction of the seawater is stopped, the first valve 29 is closed, the rotor motor 16 is closed, and when no fresh water flows out, the second valve 36 is closed, and when no strong brine flows out, the strong brine pump 13 is closed.
The foregoing merely represents preferred embodiments of the utility model, which are described in some detail and detail, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are all within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113087056A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-09 | 南昌大学 | Energy-saving marine seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113087056A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-09 | 南昌大学 | Energy-saving marine seawater desalination device based on steam recompression and engine waste heat utilization |
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