CN215998725U - Spindle and machining apparatus - Google Patents
Spindle and machining apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN215998725U CN215998725U CN202122784031.9U CN202122784031U CN215998725U CN 215998725 U CN215998725 U CN 215998725U CN 202122784031 U CN202122784031 U CN 202122784031U CN 215998725 U CN215998725 U CN 215998725U
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000098674 Pinus cembroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005013 Pinus cembroides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008591 Pinus cembroides var edulis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015593 Pinus monophylla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015594 Pinus parryana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model provides a main shaft and processing equipment, main shaft include axle center, bearing assembly and end cover, are close to the tip on the axle center and are provided with spacing step and location portion, and bearing assembly includes the bearing inner circle, and the end cover is installed on location portion and is followed the axial of axle center with the cooperation of spacing step and compress tightly the bearing inner circle. A pressing boss and a positioning groove are arranged on one side, facing the bearing assembly, of the end cover, and the pressing boss is opposite to the bearing inner ring in the axial direction and is abutted to the bearing assembly; the positioning part extends into the positioning groove, the positioning part is provided with a connecting surface, the positioning groove is provided with a matching surface, the connecting surface and the matching surface are oppositely arranged along the axial direction, and a pre-tightening gap is arranged between the connecting surface and the matching surface; the end cover is fixed on the axle center through a fixing piece, and the fixing piece sequentially penetrates through the connecting surface and the matching surface along the axial direction. The spindle has no thread on the axis, so that the risk of uneven bearing stress caused by inclination of the nut in the locking process and loosening of the nut when the spindle rotates forwards or backwards at high speed can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of electric main shaft technique and specifically relates to a main shaft and processing equipment are related to.
Background
The most of the existing spindle axes adopt a form of locking a bearing through a nut to axially limit an inner ring of a bearing assembly, and because the spindle is a high-precision component, the requirement on the machining precision of threads on the spindle axes is high, generally, in order to ensure the screwing precision of the threads on the spindle axes, the threads on the spindle axes need to be matched and ground or matched and lathed through the nut, so that the machining is complicated, and the cost is high. In addition, the main shaft rotates at a high speed or in a rapid acceleration and deceleration process, the nut is easy to loosen, the main shaft is abnormal in vibration, the precision thread matching has high requirements on assembly, and when tiny impurities exist in the threads, the threads are easy to damage in the screwing process, and the nut is blocked. In addition, the bearing of another kind of main shaft now compresses tightly the bearing outer lane by pretension screw and pretension lid, exerts the pretightning force to the bearing inner lane by pretension nut simultaneously, also has the easy pine problem of taking off of pretension nut when the main shaft corotation or reversal.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a main shaft, the axle center unthreaded of this main shaft can reduce the nut and incline at the locking in-process and the bearing atress that causes is inhomogeneous to and the main shaft is when high-speed anticlockwise or clockwise rotation, the risk that the nut pine takes off reduces the main shaft cost.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a processing apparatus with the above spindle.
In order to realize the first purpose, the utility model provides a main shaft, including axle center, bearing assembly and end cover, be close to the tip on the axle center and be provided with spacing step and location portion, bearing assembly includes the bearing inner circle, and the end cover is installed on location portion and can be followed the axial of axle center with the cooperation of spacing step and is compressed tightly the bearing inner circle. A pressing boss and a positioning groove are arranged on one side, facing the bearing assembly, of the end cover, and the pressing boss is opposite to the bearing inner ring in the axial direction and is abutted to the bearing assembly; the positioning part extends into the positioning groove, the positioning part is provided with a connecting surface, the positioning groove is provided with a matching surface, the connecting surface and the matching surface are oppositely arranged along the axial direction, and a pre-tightening gap is arranged between the connecting surface and the matching surface; the main shaft further comprises a fixing piece, the end cover is fixed on the shaft center through the fixing piece, and the fixing piece sequentially penetrates through the connecting face and the matching face along the axial direction.
According to the scheme, the axis of the spindle is unthreaded, the bearing assembly is locked on the end face of the axis through the screws uniformly distributed on the end cover to pre-tighten the bearing inner ring of the bearing assembly, the pre-pressing amount is reserved through the end cover to achieve the limiting effect of the locking nut, and the locking torque provided by the screws can be equivalent to the locking torque of the nut. Compared with the prior art, the spindle adopts a thread screwing and fastening mode to fix the bearing inner ring, the spindle can reduce the problem that the bearing assembly is stressed unevenly due to the inclination of the nut in the locking process, and the risk that the nut is loosened when the spindle rotates anticlockwise or clockwise at a high speed.
Preferably, the connecting surface and the mating surface are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft center.
Therefore, the pre-tightening force applied to the bearing inner ring by the end cover is ensured to be uniform.
Preferably, the width of the pretensioning gap is in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm.
Therefore, the pre-tightening force applied to the bearing assembly by the end cover is ensured by ensuring the proper pre-tightening clearance.
Preferably, the number of the fixing pieces is two or more, and the plurality of fixing pieces are arranged along the circumferential direction of the end cover.
The further scheme is that the fixing piece is a screw, and the locking torque Mt required by a single screw is KPa/Nb; wherein K is a torque moment coefficient; nb is the number of screws; pa is the axial locking force of the bearing assembly.
The pressing boss is annular, and the pressing boss surrounds to form the positioning groove.
One preferred scheme is, the periphery wall of location portion is smooth, and location portion and constant head tank clearance fit.
One preferred scheme is that the number of the bearing assembly, the end cover, the limiting step and the positioning part is two; the two end covers are respectively fixed on the corresponding mounting parts at the two ends of the axle center through fixing parts; the two bearing assemblies are respectively arranged between the two end covers and the corresponding limiting steps.
Therefore, the existing thread structure is not a completely symmetrical structure, and the two ends of the main shaft can be both pressed and fixed by the end covers, so that the dynamic unbalance of the main shaft in the high-speed operation process can be reduced, the dynamic balance of the main shaft in the high-speed operation process is better, and the vibration is lower.
One preferred scheme is that the axle center further comprises a handle mounting portion, the handle mounting portion extends from the connecting surface to a direction far away from the bearing assembly along the axial direction, and the distance between the end face of the handle mounting portion and the connecting surface is greater than the distance between the outer end face of the end cover and the connecting surface.
Therefore, the end face of the cutter handle mounting part extends out of the end cover, and the cutter handle is attached to the front end face of the axis or a small gap is reserved between the cutter handle and the front end face of the axis.
Preferably, the bearing assembly comprises two or more bearings and/or two or more spacers, the bearings and the spacers are alternately arranged along the axial direction, and the spacers abut against the bearing inner ring.
In order to achieve the second objective, the present invention provides a processing apparatus, including the above spindle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the spindle of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap located at the front end of the axial center in the embodiment of the spindle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the end cap located at the front end of the shaft center in the embodiment of the spindle of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view at B in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an end cap at the rear end of the axial center in an embodiment of the spindle of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the end cap located at the rear end of the shaft center in the embodiment of the spindle of the present invention.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the machining apparatus of the present embodiment is an apparatus for machining such as a lathe. The machining apparatus comprises a spindle, a tool and a motor rotor 4.
The main shaft comprises a shaft center 1, two bearing assemblies 2 and two end covers 3, and a motor rotor 4 is sleeved and fixed on the shaft center 1 in an interference fit mode. Two bearing assemblies 2 are respectively arranged at two ends of the shaft center 1, and two end covers 3 are also respectively arranged at two ends of the shaft center 1. The shaft center 1 is provided with a limiting step 11 and a positioning part 12 near two ends, and each bearing assembly 2 is limited between the corresponding limiting step 11 and the end cover 3.
The bearing assembly 2 located at the front end of the shaft center 1 comprises four bearings 21 and five spacer rings 22, the bearings 21 and the spacer rings 22 are alternately arranged along the axial direction, each bearing 21 comprises a bearing outer ring 211 and a bearing inner ring 212 which are arranged along the radial direction, the bearing inner rings 212 are sleeved on the shaft center 1 in an interference fit mode, the spacer rings 22 are sleeved on the shaft center 1 and in clearance fit with the shaft center 1, and the spacer rings 22 are abutted to the bearing inner rings 212 along the axial direction.
The bearing assembly 2 at the rear end of the hub 1 comprises two bearings 21 and three spacer rings 22, the bearings 21 and spacer rings 22 being arranged alternately in the axial direction.
Each end cover 3 is mounted on the corresponding positioning portion 12 and is matched with the corresponding limiting step 11 to press the corresponding bearing inner ring 212 along the axial direction of the shaft center 1. Each end cover 3 all is provided with compressing boss 31 and constant head tank 32 towards one side of the bearing assembly 2 that corresponds, compresses tightly boss 31 and is cyclic annular, compresses tightly boss 31 and encloses into constant head tank 32, compresses tightly boss 31 and sets up and support with the bearing assembly 2 that corresponds with corresponding bearing inner race 212 relatively in the axial.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the positioning portion 12 extends into the corresponding positioning groove 32, the outer peripheral wall of the positioning portion 12 is smooth and is not provided with threads, and the positioning portion 12 is in clearance fit with the positioning groove 32. The positioning portion 12 is provided with a connecting surface 121, the positioning groove 32 is provided with a matching surface 321, the connecting surface 121 and the matching surface 321 are oppositely arranged along an axial direction, both the connecting surface 121 and the matching surface 321 are perpendicular to an axis of the shaft center 1, a pre-tightening gap 5 is arranged between the connecting surface 121 and the matching surface 321, a width d of the pre-tightening gap 5 is in a range from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, preferably, the width of the pre-tightening gap 5 is 0.02 mm, and in order to ensure the pre-tightening gap, the pressing boss 31 of the end cover 3 needs to be polished. The distance between the mating surface 321 located at the front end of the shaft center 1 and the end surface of the corresponding pressing boss 31 is L1, the distance between the connection surface 121 of the shaft center 1 and the surface of the bearing assembly 2 in contact with the pressing boss 31 is L2, and L1 is L2+ d. Referring to fig. 5 to 7, the distance between the mating surface 321 at the rear end of the shaft center and the end surface of the corresponding pressing boss 31 is L3, the distance between the connecting surface 121 of the shaft center 1 and the surface of the bearing assembly 2 abutting against the pressing boss 31 is L4, and L3 is L4+ d.
In addition, the main shaft further includes a plurality of fixing members, the two end covers 3 are fixed on the mounting portions corresponding to the two ends of the shaft center 1 through the fixing members, and the fixing members sequentially penetrate through the corresponding connecting surface 121 and the corresponding matching surface 321 along the axial direction. A plurality of fixing members are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the corresponding end cover 3, and the fixing members are screws. Six screw counter bores 33 with the specification of M5 are arranged on the end cover 3 positioned at the front end of the shaft center 1, six threaded holes 13 with the specification of M5 are arranged on the matching surface 321 corresponding to the shaft center 1, the proper size of the screws can be selected according to the wall thickness of the shaft center 1, and the locking torque required by the bearing assembly 2 is provided by the locking torque of six screws with the specification of M5 uniformly distributed on the end cover 3. The locking moment Mt required by a single screw is KPa/Nb; wherein K is a torque moment coefficient whose value depends on the specification of the screw, the state of the friction surface, etc.; nb is the number of screws; pa is the axial locking force of the bearing assembly 2 and can be obtained by looking up the bearing 21 sample. The screws on the end cover 3 are sequentially locked in the symmetrical direction by using a torque wrench in the locking process, so that the bearing assembly 2 is uniformly stressed. The fastening mode of the end cover 3 at the rear end of the axle center 1 is the same as that of the end cover 3 at the front end of the axle center 1, and the description is omitted.
The shaft center 1 further includes a tool shank mounting portion 14, the tool shank mounting portion 14 extends from the connection surface 121 in a direction away from the bearing assembly 2 along the axial direction, and a distance d1 between an end surface 141 of the tool shank mounting portion 14 and the connection surface 121 is greater than a distance d2 between an outer end surface 34 of the end cover 3 and the connection surface 121. Thus, the end face 141 of the shank mounting portion 14 extends out of the end cover 3, so that the shank of the tool is attached to the end face 141 of the shank mounting portion 14 or a small gap is left.
From top to bottom, the utility model discloses a mode that the end cover compressed tightly the bearing inner race can cancel the epaxial screw thread in axle, has reduced the processing degree of difficulty in axle center, has also reduced the main shaft cost, because of the helicitic texture is not the perfect symmetrical structure, can reduce the high-speed moving unbalance amount of in-process of main shaft, and the main shaft dynamic balance is better when high-speed moving, and the vibration is lower. Meanwhile, the axial fixation of the bearing assembly can be kept, threads do not need to be machined on the axis, the effect of locking the nut is achieved, the uneven stress of the bearing caused by the inclination of the locking nut in the locking process can be reduced, and the risk that the nut is loosened when the main shaft rotates forwards or backwards at a high speed can be reduced. The processing difficulty of the shaft center and the cost of the main shaft are reduced, and the dynamic unbalance amount of the main shaft is the minimum under high-speed operation.
In addition, the number of the screws on the end cover can be changed according to actual needs. The number of bearings and spacers in both the forward bearing assembly and the aft bearing assembly can be varied as desired. The number of bearings in the front bearing assembly and/or the rear bearing assembly may also be one; or the front bearing assembly and/or the rear bearing assembly only comprises a plurality of bearings arranged along the axial direction, two adjacent bearing inner rings are abutted, and the end cover is directly abutted on the inner ring of the outermost bearing. The width of the pre-tightening gap and the height of the pressing boss can be changed according to requirements. The widths of the pre-tightening gap between the connecting surface and the matching surface at the front end of the axis and the pre-tightening gap at the rear end of the axis can also be different. The above changes also enable the object of the present invention to be achieved.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are merely examples of implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended to cover all such modifications, equivalents, and improvements as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A spindle, comprising:
the positioning device comprises a shaft center, wherein a limiting step and a positioning part are arranged on the shaft center close to the end part;
a bearing assembly including a bearing inner race;
the end cover is arranged on the positioning part and matched with the limiting step to tightly press the bearing inner ring along the axial direction of the axis;
the method is characterized in that:
a pressing boss and a positioning groove are arranged on one side, facing the bearing assembly, of the end cover, and the pressing boss is opposite to the bearing inner ring in the axial direction and is abutted to the bearing assembly;
the positioning part extends into the positioning groove, the positioning part is provided with a connecting surface, the positioning groove is provided with a matching surface, the connecting surface and the matching surface are oppositely arranged along the axial direction, and a pre-tightening gap is arranged between the connecting surface and the matching surface;
the main shaft further comprises a fixing piece, the end cover is fixed on the shaft center through the fixing piece, and the fixing piece sequentially penetrates through the connecting face and the matching face along the axial direction.
2. The spindle of claim 1, wherein:
the connecting surface and the matching surface are both perpendicular to the axis of the shaft center.
3. The spindle of claim 1, wherein:
the width of the pretensioning gap is in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm.
4. The spindle of claim 1, wherein:
the number of the fixing pieces is more than two, and the fixing pieces are arranged along the circumferential direction of the end cover.
5. The spindle of claim 4, wherein:
the fixing piece is a screw, and the locking torque Mt required by a single screw is KPa/Nb;
wherein K is a torque moment coefficient; nb is the number of screws; pa is the axial locking force of the bearing assembly.
6. The spindle of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
the pressing boss is annular, and the pressing boss is enclosed to form the positioning groove.
7. The spindle of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
the periphery wall of location portion is smooth, location portion with constant head tank clearance fit.
8. The spindle of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
the number of the bearing assemblies, the number of the end covers, the number of the limiting steps and the number of the positioning parts are two;
the two end covers are respectively fixed on the mounting parts corresponding to the two ends of the axle center through the fixing parts;
the two bearing assemblies are respectively arranged between the two end covers and the corresponding limiting steps.
9. The spindle of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
the axle center still includes handle of a knife installation department, the handle of a knife installation department along the axial certainly the connecting surface is towards keeping away from the direction of bearing assembly extends, the terminal surface of handle of a knife installation department with the distance between the connecting surface is greater than the outer terminal surface of end cover with the distance between the connecting surface.
10. The spindle of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
the bearing assembly comprises two or more bearings and/or two or more spacer rings, the bearings and the spacer rings are alternately arranged along the axial direction, and the spacer rings are abutted to the bearing inner ring.
11. Machining apparatus comprising a spindle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122784031.9U CN215998725U (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Spindle and machining apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122784031.9U CN215998725U (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Spindle and machining apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN215998725U true CN215998725U (en) | 2022-03-11 |
Family
ID=80586677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122784031.9U Active CN215998725U (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Spindle and machining apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN215998725U (en) |
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2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202122784031.9U patent/CN215998725U/en active Active
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