CN215342974U - Microstrip antenna, antenna array and weapon system - Google Patents
Microstrip antenna, antenna array and weapon system Download PDFInfo
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- CN215342974U CN215342974U CN202120932344.1U CN202120932344U CN215342974U CN 215342974 U CN215342974 U CN 215342974U CN 202120932344 U CN202120932344 U CN 202120932344U CN 215342974 U CN215342974 U CN 215342974U
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a microstrip antenna, an antenna array and a weapon system. The microstrip antenna includes: a dielectric substrate; the metal floor is positioned on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation panel is positioned on the second surface of the medium substrate; the radiation panel comprises a main radiation patch with an opening, a parasitic radiation patch and a feeder line, wherein rectangular parasitic radiation patches are respectively arranged on two sides of the main radiation patch, and one part of the feeder line is arranged in the opening of the main radiation patch. The microstrip antenna greatly reduces the requirement on the thickness of the dielectric substrate by utilizing the resonance matching feeder line and adding the parasitic radiation sheet, thereby meeting the conformal requirement of carriers with various curvature radiuses.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a microstrip antenna, an antenna array and a weapon system.
Background
The microstrip antenna can be used as a conformal antenna, the conformal antenna refers to an antenna or an antenna array which can keep consistent with the appearance of a platform, in a modern wireless communication system, the conformal antenna can be conformal with the surface of a carrier platform which runs at a high speed, such as an airplane, a weapon, a satellite and the like, has a good stealth characteristic, improves the adaptability and the hitting precision to a target, does not damage the appearance structure, the aerodynamics and other characteristics of the carrier, becomes a research hotspot in the field of antennas, and is widely applied to the fields of unmanned aerial vehicles, ships, ground vehicles, satellite communication, military airborne surveillance radars and the like.
In the theoretical design of the traditional microstrip antenna, the increase of the working bandwidth of the antenna is realized by increasing the thickness of a printed board or reducing the dielectric constant of the printed board, which undoubtedly results in the increase of the profile and the weight of the antenna, and meanwhile, the antenna is also the reason that the antenna is difficult to meet the conformal requirement through bending. Therefore, in conventional antenna designs, microstrip antennas are typically formed on relatively thick flexible printed boards (typically above 0.014 λ, where λ antenna operating frequency points correspond to wavelengths) to achieve specific desired bandwidth radiation performance. The conformal antenna designed based on the flexible printed board with the thickness has the advantages of heavy weight, high cost and great conformal difficulty, is only suitable for conformal requirements with smaller curvature, and the performance of the conformal antenna is deteriorated to different degrees in practical application.
It is therefore desirable to provide an improved microstrip antenna to reduce the antenna thickness.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a microstrip antenna, an antenna array and a weapons system, thereby reducing the antenna thickness.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microstrip antenna including: a dielectric substrate; the metal floor is positioned on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation panel is positioned on the second surface of the medium substrate; the radiating panel comprises a main radiating patch with an opening, a parasitic radiating patch and a feeder line, wherein the rectangular parasitic radiating patches are respectively arranged on two sides of the main radiating patch, and one part of the feeder line is arranged in the opening of the main radiating patch.
Optionally, the feeder line includes: a main feed line, a first end of the main feed line being located inside the opening of the main radiating patch, a second end of the main feed line extending outside the opening of the main radiating patch; and a metal via disposed at a first end of the main feed line.
Optionally, the main feeder line is of a T-shaped structure, a short side of the T-shaped structure is a first end of the main feeder line, and the metal via hole is formed at a joint of a long side and a short side of the main feeder line.
Optionally, the feeder further comprises: and the two open lines are respectively positioned on two sides of the main feed line and are mutually symmetrical, and the extending direction of each following open line is consistent with the extending direction of the short edge of the main feed line.
Optionally, the two open lines are respectively connected to two ends of the short side of the main feed line via two metal wires, so that each open line and the corresponding connected metal wire form an L shape together.
Optionally, the feeder line further includes a branch electric wire, a long side of the T-shaped structure is connected to the branch electric wire, and an extending direction of the long side of the T-shaped structure is perpendicular to an extending direction of the branch electric wire.
Optionally, the two parasitic radiation patches are symmetrical to each other with the central axis of the main radiation patch as a symmetry axis.
Optionally, the width of the parasitic radiation patch is smaller than the width of the main radiation patch, and the length of the parasitic radiation patch is smaller than the length of the main radiation patch.
According to a second aspect of the utility model, there is provided an antenna array comprising: a plurality of microstrip antennas as described above; and the feed network is used for electrically connecting the microstrip antennas.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a weapon system, comprising: a weapon housing; and the antenna array is characterized in that the microstrip antennas in the antenna array are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the weapon shell.
According to the microstrip antenna, the antenna array and the weapon system, the resonance matching feeder line and the parasitic radiation piece are utilized, and the requirement on the thickness of the medium substrate is greatly reduced by optimizing the size and the layout design on the premise of not increasing the thickness of the flexible printed board, so that the conformal requirement of carriers with various curvature radiuses is met.
Furthermore, the antenna array has very thin thickness and excellent omnidirectional radiation characteristic, and improves the working bandwidth and radiation efficiency.
Furthermore, the weapon shell of the weapon system is used as a metal floor, so that the thickness of the antenna array can be further reduced.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the utility model;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a feeding network according to an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a weapons system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 6a and 6b show a standing-wave ratio diagram and a directional diagram, respectively, of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7a and 7b show a standing wave ratio diagram and a directivity pattern, respectively, of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the utility model.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Moreover, certain well-known elements may not be shown in the figures.
In the following description, numerous specific details of the utility model, such as structure, materials, dimensions, processing techniques and techniques of the devices are described in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the utility model. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
It should be understood that, the connection/coupling of a and B in the embodiment of the present invention means that a and B may be coupled in series or in parallel, or a and B may be coupled through other devices, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
The microstrip antenna and the antenna array provided by the utility model can be applied to the transmitting end and the receiving end in various communication systems, such as radar equipment, communication equipment, navigation equipment, satellite ground station, electronic countermeasure equipment and the like.
An embodiment of a power amplifier provided by the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model; figure 2 shows a side view of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the microstrip antenna 10 includes the dielectric substrate 1, the metal floor 2, and the radiation panel 3, and the microstrip antenna 10 is configured to convert an electrical signal into electromagnetic wave radiation, or convert received electromagnetic wave radiation into an electrical signal. As shown in fig. 2, the metal floor 2 is located on a first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the antenna radiation surface 3 is located on a second surface of the dielectric substrate 1, where the first surface and the second surface are respectively two opposite surfaces, such as a front surface and a back surface, of the dielectric substrate 1. Optionally, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 is 0.005 λ, where λ is a wavelength corresponding to a working frequency point of the microstrip antenna 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the radiation panel 3 includes a main radiation patch 31, a parasitic radiation patch 32, and a power supply line 33, wherein the main radiation patch 31 is provided with rectangular parasitic radiation patches 32 on both sides thereof, and a portion of the power supply line 33 is disposed in an opening of the main radiation patch 31.
As one example, the main radiation patch 31 is a rectangular metal patch having an opening on a short side thereof; the parasitic radiation patch 32 is a rectangular metal patch, and the width of the parasitic radiation patch 32 is smaller than the width of the main radiation patch 31, for example, the width of the parasitic radiation patch 32 is about half of the width of the main radiation patch 31, and the length of the parasitic radiation patch 32 is slightly smaller than the length of the main radiation patch 31. Further, the number of the parasitic radiation patches 32 is 2, the 2 parasitic radiation patches 32 are respectively located at two sides of the main radiation patch 31, and the two parasitic radiation patches 32 are symmetrical to each other with the central axis of the main radiation patch 31 as a symmetry axis. The spacing between the parasitic radiating patch 32 and the main radiating patch 31 is about 0.1 lambda.
The power feeding line 33 is connected to the opening of the main radiation patch 31, specifically, the power feeding line 33 includes a main power feeding line 331 and a metal via 332, a first end of the main power feeding line 331 is located inside the opening of the main radiation patch 31, and a second end of the main power feeding line 331 extends to the outside of the opening of the main radiation patch 31 for signal transmission of the microstrip antenna 10; a metal via 332 is disposed at a first end of the main feeder line 331 for providing a parallel inductance to tune a resonance frequency, and the metal via 332 is filled with a conductive material which passes through the dielectric substrate 1 and is electrically connected to the metal ground 2.
Optionally, the main feed line 331 is of a T-shaped structure, a short side of the T-shaped structure is a first end of the main feed line 331, and the metal via 332 is located at a connection between a long side and a short side of the main feed line 331. In this embodiment, the power feeding line 33 further includes a branch electric wire 334, the long side of the T-shaped structure is connected to the branch electric wire 334, and the extending direction of the long side of the T-shaped structure and the extending direction of the branch electric wire 334 are perpendicular to each other. The power feeding line 33 further includes: two open lines 333 for increasing at least one resonance frequency and coupling and feeding to the main radiating patch 31, the two open lines 333 are respectively located at two sides of the main feed line 331 and are symmetrical to each other, the extending direction of the two open lines is consistent with the extending direction of the short side of the main feed line 331, the two open lines 333 are respectively connected to two ends of the short side of the main feed line 331 through two metal wires, so that one open line 333 and the correspondingly connected metal wires form an L shape together. The length of the open line 333 is, for example, 0.25 λ, where λ is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency point of the microstrip antenna.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the utility model; fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a feeding network according to an embodiment of the utility model. The antenna array 100 includes a plurality of microstrip antennas 10 and a feeding network 20, and the array antenna 100 can realize a narrow-beam, high-gain, directional radiation characteristic. The detailed structure of the microstrip antenna 10 is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and a plurality of microstrip antennas 10 may use a common dielectric substrate and a metal ground plate, which will not be described herein.
As an example, as shown in fig. 3, the number of the microstrip antennas 10 included in the antenna array 100 is 16, and the 16 microstrip antennas 10 are electrically connected via the feeding network 20 to perform constant-amplitude in-phase feeding. Optionally, the distance between two adjacent microstrip antennas 10 is 0.46 λ, where λ is a wavelength corresponding to a working frequency point of the microstrip antenna.
Specifically, in this example, the feeding network 20 electrically connects two adjacent microstrip antennas 10 and forms 8 first connection points, and so on, and then electrically connects the adjacent first connection points and forms 4 second connection points, electrically connects the adjacent second connection points and forms 2 third connection points, and electrically connects the 2 third connection points and forms a feeding terminal of the antenna array 100, where the feeding terminal is connected to a subsequent circuit to complete signal transmission. Optionally, the feeding network 20 is, for example, a one-to-sixteen power divider. In other examples, the number of microstrip antennas 10 included in the antenna array 100 may be 2, 4, 8, 32, or more.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a weapons system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The weapon system 1000 comprises an antenna array 100 and a weapon casing 200, wherein the microstrip antennas in the antenna array 100 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the weapon casing 200, and the weapon casing can be used as a metal floor commonly used by the microstrip antennas in the array antenna. The antenna array 100 is used as a missile-borne antenna in a weapon system, and the specific structure thereof is shown in fig. 3 and 4, which will not be described herein.
A missile-borne antenna is a device mounted on a weapon for exchanging information between the weapon system and other systems. In a weapon system, because the flight attitude of the weapon is rolling and rotating, the directional pattern of the missile-borne antenna is non-directional, and the aperture surface of the missile-borne antenna is required to be completely conformal with the given shape of the missile body, so that the missile-borne antenna is ensured to have small interference on the air flow field near the weapon.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by using a low-profile microstrip antenna designed with a thin flexible printed board (including a dielectric substrate and a radiation panel, the thickness is generally within 1 mm), the metal skin of the aircraft (i.e. the weapon housing 200) can be used as a natural metal floor of the microstrip antenna, and thus a thin antenna array 100 can be formed. Therefore, the antenna array 100 can be easily bent to conform to the surface of the projectile, thereby meeting the radiation performance and conformal requirements of the missile-borne antenna.
As shown in fig. 5, by bending the antenna array 100 shown in fig. 3 to conform to the curvature radius of the projectile body, the microstrip antennas in the antenna array 100 are uniformly distributed around the weapon casing 200, and the omnidirectional radiation characteristic can be realized through the constant-amplitude in-phase feeding of the feeding network.
According to the utility model, by utilizing the resonance matching feeder line and the parasitic radiation piece, the section height is reduced by 62% compared with that of the traditional microstrip antenna by optimizing the size and the layout design of the resonance matching feeder line and the parasitic radiation piece on the premise of not increasing the thickness of the flexible printed board. Furthermore, the conformal requirements of the elastic bodies with various curvature radiuses are met through the characteristics of low section and low weight, and the elastic bodies have the characteristics of broadband and omnidirectional radiation.
Fig. 6a and 6b show standing wave ratio diagrams and directional diagrams of microstrip antennas according to embodiments of the present invention, which are based on the microstrip antennas shown in fig. 1 and 2, respectively, and the voltage standing wave ratio represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and the smaller the value of the voltage standing wave ratio, the higher the radiation efficiency; fig. 7a and 7b show standing wave ratio diagrams and patterns, respectively, of antenna arrays according to embodiments of the present invention, which are based on the antenna arrays shown in fig. 3 and 4.
As shown in fig. 6a, the voltage standing wave ratio within the designed frequency band range (about 2.20GHz to 2.24GHz) of the microstrip antenna is less than 2.0, which satisfies the engineering requirement; as can be seen from fig. 6b, the microstrip antenna is a directional antenna. Fig. 7a shows that the voltage standing wave ratio within the designed frequency band range of the antenna array (at least 2.205GHz to 2.235GHz) is less than 1.5, which is better than the engineering requirement; fig. 7b shows that the azimuth plane pattern gain fluctuation of the antenna array is lower than 1dB, and the antenna array has excellent omnidirectional radiation performance.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention as set forth above, these embodiments are not exhaustive and do not limit the utility model to the precise embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the utility model and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the utility model and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The utility model is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A microstrip antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the metal floor is positioned on the first surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation panel is positioned on the second surface of the medium substrate;
the radiating panel comprises a main radiating patch with an opening, a parasitic radiating patch and a feeder line, wherein the rectangular parasitic radiating patches are respectively arranged on two sides of the main radiating patch, and one part of the feeder line is arranged in the opening of the main radiating patch.
2. The microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed line comprises:
a main feed line, a first end of the main feed line being located inside the opening of the main radiating patch, a second end of the main feed line extending outside the opening of the main radiating patch; and
a metal via disposed at a first end of the main feed line.
3. The microstrip antenna of claim 2, wherein the main feed line is a T-shaped structure, the short side of the T-shaped structure is the first end of the main feed line, and the metal via is disposed at the junction of the long side and the short side of the main feed line.
4. The microstrip antenna of claim 3, wherein the feed line further comprises:
and the two open lines are respectively positioned on two sides of the main feed line and are mutually symmetrical, and the extending direction of each following open line is consistent with the extending direction of the short edge of the main feed line.
5. A microstrip antenna according to claim 4 wherein two open lines are connected to the two ends of the short side of the main feed line via two metal wires, respectively, such that each open line forms an L-shape with the correspondingly connected metal wire.
6. The microstrip antenna according to claim 3, wherein the feed line further includes a branch wire, the long side of the T-shaped structure connects the branch wire, and the extending direction of the long side of the T-shaped structure and the extending direction of the branch wire are perpendicular to each other.
7. The microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the two parasitic radiating patches are symmetrical to each other about the central axis of the main radiating patch.
8. The microstrip antenna of claim 7 wherein the parasitic radiating patch has a width less than a width of the main radiating patch and a length less than a length of the main radiating patch.
9. An antenna array, comprising:
a plurality of microstrip antennas according to any of claims 1 to 8; and
and the plurality of microstrip antennas are electrically connected through the feed network.
10. A weapon system, characterized by comprising:
a weapon housing; and
the antenna array of claim 9, wherein the microstrip antennas are evenly distributed along a circumference of the weapon housing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202120932344.1U CN215342974U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Microstrip antenna, antenna array and weapon system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202120932344.1U CN215342974U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Microstrip antenna, antenna array and weapon system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114899593A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-12 | 陕西北斗科技开发应用有限公司 | Microstrip antenna applicable to complementary structure loading of Beidou and WLAN systems |
| CN116315647A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-06-23 | 天津七六四通信导航技术有限公司 | Microstrip antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN116826369A (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2023-09-29 | 北京理工大学长三角研究院(嘉兴) | High-gain array antenna based on bandwidth expansion of balloon |
-
2021
- 2021-04-30 CN CN202120932344.1U patent/CN215342974U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114899593A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-12 | 陕西北斗科技开发应用有限公司 | Microstrip antenna applicable to complementary structure loading of Beidou and WLAN systems |
| CN114899593B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2024-09-20 | 陕西北斗科技开发应用有限公司 | Be applicable to big dipper and WLAN system complementary structure loading microstrip antenna |
| CN116315647A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-06-23 | 天津七六四通信导航技术有限公司 | Microstrip antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN116315647B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-10-27 | 天津七六四通信导航技术有限公司 | Microstrip antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN116826369A (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2023-09-29 | 北京理工大学长三角研究院(嘉兴) | High-gain array antenna based on bandwidth expansion of balloon |
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