Quenching heat exchanger for preventing coking of high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ethylene cracking equipment, in particular to a quenching heat exchanger for preventing coking of a high-temperature cracking gas outlet.
Background
The important equipment in the cracking device is a linear quenching heat exchanger except the cracking furnace. The linear quenching heat exchanger consists of an inlet connecting piece, a double-sleeve heat exchange unit, a water header, a cracking gas header and the like. The structure of the cracking furnace is as follows, each double-sleeve heat exchange unit comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe which are concentric, each double-sleeve heat exchange unit is connected with an outlet furnace pipe of the cracking furnace through an inlet connecting piece, and a plurality of double-sleeve heat exchange units are arranged in parallel in a single row or a plurality of rows and are connected with a water header and a cracking gas header together. The inner pipe flows high-temperature pyrolysis gas, the temperature of the inlet connecting piece is as high as 800-900 ℃, the gas enters the quenching heat exchanger and is reduced to about 400 ℃ in a very short time (generally below 0.1 second, the gas is cracked for 0.03-0.07 second, and the distillate oil is cracked for 0.02-0.06 second) (different raw materials), and therefore, the quenching heat exchanger is high in heat intensity in different places from the common heat exchanger, very harsh in operation conditions, and the inside and the outside of the pipe must bear higher temperature difference and pressure difference at the same time.
The existing rapid cooling heat exchanger is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a pyrolysis gas box body 1, an upper water header 2, a lower water header 3 and a plurality of heat exchange tube modules arranged in parallel, wherein each heat exchange tube module comprises an inner tube 4, an outer tube 5, an inlet tube 6, an upper connecting tube 7, a lower connecting tube 8, an upper connecting piece 9 and a lower connecting piece 10, and the inner tube 4 concentrically penetrates through the outer tube 5. One opening of the upper connecting piece 9 and the lower connecting piece 10 is welded and fixed with the outer pipe 5, and the other opening is welded and fixed with the inner pipe 4, so that a channel between the outer wall of the inner pipe 4 and the inner wall of the outer pipe 5 is communicated with the upper connecting piece 9 and the lower connecting piece 10. The upper connecting piece 9 is communicated with the upper water header 2 through an upper connecting pipe 7, and the lower connecting piece 10 is communicated with the lower water header 3 through a lower connecting pipe 8. During the use, the exit linkage of peripheral pyrolysis furnace is connected to inlet tube 6, and high temperature pyrolysis gas flows to pyrolysis gas tank 1 from inner tube 4, and coolant gets into connecting piece 10 down from the entry of lower water header 3, then flows to the passageway between 4 outer walls of inner tube and the 5 inner walls of outer tube and carries out the heat transfer, reaches upper water header 2. The high-temperature medium flows to the subsequent process from the outlet of the pyrolysis gas tank body 1.
When the cracked gas is cooled in the inner tube, a part of high boiling point hydrocarbon is inevitably condensed. In this way, a part of the condensate is carried away by the pyrolysis gas, while another part is attached to the wall of the inner tube. As the production proceeds, the hydrocarbon condensate adhering to the tube wall undergoes dehydrogenation with concomitant condensation by the pyrolysis gas. Especially after dehydrogenation of aromatics, further condensed cyclization eventually leads to coke formation. Generally speaking, the quench exchangers will also experience different coking conditions due to differences in the nature of the cracked feedstock, particularly the group composition. When naphtha or light diesel oil is used as raw material for cracking, coking is most commonly carried out at the outlet end of an inner tube of a quenching heat exchanger, and condensation, dehydrogenation and condensation reaction coking is mainly carried out and is accompanied by secondary reaction coking. Coking affects the heat transfer effect and even causes blockage. In addition, the flow velocity of high-temperature cracking gas in the existing quenching heat exchanger is uncontrollable, or the flow velocity of the cracking gas in the quenching heat exchanger can be only indirectly controlled by controlling the flow velocity of the cracking gas at the outlet of the cracking furnace; under the condition that the flow rate of the cracking gas at the outlet of the cracking furnace is not changed, the flow rate of the high-temperature cracking gas in the quenching heat exchanger is not adjustable, and the production requirements of increasingly high requirements and flexible change cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the quenching heat exchanger for preventing the coking of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet, which can adjust the pyrolysis gas speed of the inner pipe and reduce the coking of the inner pipe.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the quenching heat exchanger for preventing the coking of the high-temperature cracking gas outlet comprises a cracking gas box body, a water feeding header, a water discharging header and a plurality of heat exchange tube modules which are arranged in parallel, wherein each heat exchange tube module comprises an inner tube, an outer tube, an inlet tube, an upper connecting tube and a lower connecting tube; the lower water header, the lower connecting pipe, the annular channel between the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the outer pipe, the upper connecting pipe and the upper water header are sequentially communicated to form a cooling water flow channel;
the top of pyrolysis gas tank body has many extension pipes immediately, and the extension pipe link up with the pyrolysis gas tank body, and the extension pipe aligns the inner tube of heat exchange tube module, and partial or whole extension pipe is worn to be equipped with and is adjusted the post, adjusts in the post inserts the inner tube through pyrolysis gas tank body, and the degree of depth that adjusts the post and insert the inner tube is adjustable, and sealed fixed between post and the extension pipe adjusts, and the outside of the festival section that is arranged in the inner tube of post is equipped with spiral water conservancy diversion structure.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger, a plurality of positioning columns are arranged on the outer sides of the adjusting columns and are arranged along the length direction of the adjusting columns.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger, a plurality of positioning columns are spirally arranged along the length direction of the adjusting column.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger, the longitudinal section of the positioning column is in a drop shape with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger of the invention, the outer side of the regulating column is covered with a ceramic layer or a paint layer.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger, the spiral flow guide structure is a thread groove formed on the outer side of the adjusting column, and the thread groove is arranged in a single-spiral, double-spiral or multi-spiral manner.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger, the spiral flow guide structure is a spiral fin fixed on the outer side of the adjusting column, and the spiral fin is arranged in a single-spiral, double-spiral or multi-spiral manner.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger, the adjusting column is in threaded connection with the extension pipe, so that the adjusting column and the extension pipe are sealed and fixed, and the depth of the adjusting column inserted into the inner pipe is adjusted.
As a further improvement of the quenching heat exchanger of the invention, the outer diameter of the section of the adjusting column located in the inner tube is gradually reduced from top to bottom, or is reduced in stages.
As a further improvement of the quench heat exchanger of the present invention, the outer diameter of the section of the adjustment column located in the inner tube is adjustable.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the quenching heat exchanger for preventing the high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet from coking has the following advantages:
1) the adjusting column is inserted into the inner tube, occupies the space of the inner tube, and reduces the flowing path of the cracked gas so as to accelerate the flow rate of the cracked gas;
2) the faster the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas is, the shorter the indirect heat conduction time with the cooling water flow channel is, the higher the temperature when the pyrolysis gas flows to the pyrolysis gas box body is, namely, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas after heat exchange can be adjusted by adjusting the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas, and the flexible and flexible production requirement can be met;
3) the flow velocity of the cracking gas is accelerated, and impurities on the inner wall of the inner pipe can be washed, so that the coking of the inner pipe is reduced, and particularly the section of the inner pipe close to the cracking gas box body;
4) the spiral diversion structure enables the cracked gas to flow spirally from the original linear flow, and the flow of the cracked gas close to the outlet end is changed from the linear flow into the spiral line through the rotary flow channel, so that a laminar flow layer between fluid and the inner wall of the inner pipe is reduced, the heat exchange coefficient is improved, impurities of the inner pipe are impacted greatly, coking at the outlet end is reduced, and even coking is avoided.
In addition:
5) the positioning column on the outer side of the adjusting column can reduce the vibration caused by the impact of the cracked gas and prevent the adjusting column from coking caused by the vibration of the inner tube;
6) the water drop-shaped positioning column is used for allowing pyrolysis gas to enter and exit from the lower part and preventing coking caused by deposition formed on the surface of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas;
7) the outer side of the adjusting column is covered with a ceramic layer or a paint layer, so that the metal material of the adjusting column matrix is isolated from the high-temperature pyrolysis gas, coking caused by reaction of the metal material and the high-temperature pyrolysis gas is avoided, the metal matrix of the adjusting column can be prevented from being scoured and corroded by carbon in the pyrolysis gas, and the service life of the adjusting column is prolonged;
8) the outer diameter of the adjusting column is gradually reduced from top to bottom, or is reduced in stages, or is adjustable in stages, so that the flow area of the inner tube which is closer to the outlet end is smaller, the flow speed of the high-temperature cracking gas is faster and faster, and coking at the outlet end is further reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quench heat exchanger of the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a quenching heat exchanger for preventing coking at a high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the shape of the adjustment column in another embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the shape of an adjustment column in a further embodiment.
Reference numerals of fig. 2:
the cracking gas box body 10, the inner pipe 20, the outer pipe 30, the inlet pipe 40, the upper connecting pipe 50 and the lower connecting pipe 60;
extension tube 70, adjusting post 80, positioning post 90.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The quenching heat exchanger for preventing coking of the high-temperature cracked gas outlet of the embodiment comprises a cracked gas box body 10, an upper water header, a lower water header and a plurality of heat exchange tube modules arranged in parallel, wherein each heat exchange tube module comprises an inner tube 20, an outer tube 30, an inlet tube 40, an upper connecting tube 50 and a lower connecting tube 60, the inner tube 20 concentrically penetrates through the outer tube 30, the upper end of the inner tube 20 is communicated with the cracked gas box body 10, and the lower end of the inner tube 20 is communicated with the inlet tube 40. The lower header, the lower connecting pipe 60, the annular channel between the outer wall of the inner pipe 20 and the inner wall of the outer pipe 30, the upper connecting pipe 50 and the upper header are sequentially communicated to form a cooling water flow passage. The improvement is as follows: the top of pyrolysis gas tank body 10 has many extension pipes 70 immediately, many extension pipes 70 link up with pyrolysis gas tank body 10, many extension pipes 70 align the inner tube 20 of a plurality of heat exchange tube modules, some or whole extension pipes 70 wear to be equipped with regulation post 80, adjust in post 80 inserts inner tube 20 via pyrolysis gas tank body 10, and the degree of depth that the regulation post 80 inserted inner tube 20 is adjustable, it is sealed fixed between regulation post 80 and the extension pipe 70, the outside that is located the festival section in inner tube 20 of regulation post 80 is equipped with spiral water conservancy diversion structure.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1) the adjusting column 80 is inserted in the inner tube 20, the adjusting column 80 occupies the space of the inner tube 20, the flowing path of the cracked gas is reduced, so that the flow rate of the cracked gas is accelerated, and the adjusting column 80 is deeper into the inner tube 20, the larger the space occupied by the inner tube 20 is, the faster the cracked gas in the inner tube 20 flows, so that the flow rate of the cracked gas is adjustable, and the coking at the outlet end is reduced;
2) the faster the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas is, the shorter the indirect heat conduction time with the cooling water flow channel is, the higher the temperature when the pyrolysis gas flows to the pyrolysis gas box body 10 is, namely, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas after heat exchange can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas, so that the flexible and flexible production requirement is met;
3) the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas is accelerated, and impurities on the inner wall of the inner pipe 20 can be washed away, so that the coking of the inner pipe 20 is reduced, and particularly the section of the inner pipe 20 close to the pyrolysis gas tank body 10 is reduced;
4) the spiral diversion structure enables the cracked gas to flow spirally from the original linear flow, and the flow of the cracked gas close to the outlet end is changed from the linear flow into the spiral line through the rotary flow channel, so that a laminar flow layer between fluid and the inner wall of the inner pipe is reduced, the heat exchange coefficient is improved, impurities of the inner pipe are impacted greatly, coking at the outlet end is reduced, and even coking is avoided.
In this embodiment, the adjusting column 80 is in threaded connection with the extension pipe 70, so that on one hand, the adjusting column 80 and the extension pipe 70 are fixed in a sealing manner, and on the other hand, the adjusting column 80 is rotated up and down to adjust the depth of the adjusting column 80 inserted into the inner pipe 20.
In this embodiment, the outside of adjusting post 80 is equipped with a plurality of reference columns 90, and a plurality of reference columns 90 arrange along the length direction spiral of adjusting post 80 for the space of adjusting the radial skew of post 80 is little, can reduce the vibrations by a wide margin that the pyrolysis gas strikes and arouses, prevents that the vibration of adjusting the post at the inner tube from arousing the coking. The longitudinal section of the positioning column 90 is in a water drop shape with a narrow lower part and a wide upper part, so that pyrolysis gas enters from the lower part and exits from the upper part, and coking caused by deposition formed on the surface of high-temperature pyrolysis gas is prevented.
In this embodiment, the outer side of the adjusting column 80 is covered with a ceramic layer or a paint layer, which separates the metal material of the adjusting column matrix from the high-temperature pyrolysis gas, so as to avoid coking caused by the reaction of the metal material and the high-temperature pyrolysis gas, avoid the metal matrix of the adjusting column 80 from being eroded by the carbon in the pyrolysis gas, and prolong the service life of the adjusting column 80.
In this embodiment, the spiral flow guiding structure is a thread groove formed on the outer side of the adjusting column 80 or a spiral fin fixed on the outer side of the adjusting column 80, and the spiral of the thread groove and the spiral fin is arranged in a single spiral, a double spiral or a multiple spiral manner.
In practice, the method can be further improved as follows: referring to fig. 3, the outer diameter of the section of the adjusting column 80 located in the inner tube 20 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, so that the faster the cracking gas flow rate of the section of the inner tube 20 that is closer to the cracking gas tank 10, the more the cracking gas flow rate is, the more obvious the effect is, when the adjusting column 80 extends into the inner tube 20 by the same length, the coking can be reduced in a targeted manner. Or instead, the adjusting column 80 as shown in fig. 4 is reduced in stages, i.e., a plurality of sections with gradually reduced diameters are divided from top to bottom.
The method can be further improved in practice as follows: the outer diameter of the section of the adjustment post 80 located in the inner tube 20 is adjustable to adjust the flow rate of the cracked gas in a manner that changes the outer diameter of the adjustment post to change the space occupied by the inner tube 20. The outer diameter adjusting structure of the adjusting column can be formed by welding a thickening sleeve on the outer side of the adjusting column 80.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.