CN214961101U - A potato harvester with sorting and collecting function - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a potato harvester with a sorting and collecting function, which comprises a first frame and a second frame. A bottom beam is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the first frame, and a plurality of positions are sleeved on the bottom beam. The adjustable plow blade assembly, the two sides of the first frame are rotatably installed with organic wheels, the two ends of the bottom beam are fixedly installed with a vibration transmission assembly, the power output end of the vibration transmission assembly is movably connected with a vibration separation assembly, and the second frame One side of the conveyor is provided with a conveying device, the top of the conveying device is provided with a gathering trough at the bottom of the side away from the first frame, and a spiral screening component is arranged below the discharge end of the gathering trough, and the bottom of the spiral screening component is fixedly connected There is a distributing and discharging channel component, and a distributing vibration discharging chute component is arranged below the distributing and discharging channel component. The utility model has a simple structure, adopts a grading separation method, realizes the mechanized continuous grading, sorting and harvesting of potatoes, and also realizes the crushing and ploughing of soil, which is convenient for potato picking and later crop planting.

Description

Potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions.

Background

The potato belongs to one of the important economic crops in China. Because potatoes grow in soil and have tubers, the harvesting of the potatoes is difficult, and the traditional harvesting mode is not efficient and cannot ensure the quality and the yield. This limits the development of potatoes to some extent. The potato harvester adopts a small tractor popularized in rural areas as a power source. The potatoes are excavated and then manually picked up, so that certain capacity and efficiency can be ensured.

The potato harvesters currently available on the market generally do not have a soil and potato screening device, and only rely on the gaps on the lifting chains to allow soil to escape. When the soil humidity is high, the soil shoveled and conveyed out along with the potatoes is agglomerated, and the agglomerated soil is not easy to separate from the potatoes; a certain amount of soil is wrapped on the surfaces of the potatoes, and the soil adhered to the surfaces of the potatoes is difficult to shake off by simply relying on the vibration of the lifting chain; and because the potatoes are usually irregular oval spheres, the potatoes are not easy to roll in the conveying process, a single vibration separation mode is adopted, so that the soil separation effect on one side of the potatoes is not good, the potatoes with better effects are not easy to realize synchronous grading screening according to different sizes, and the sharp ends of the potatoes are easy to be embedded in gaps to cause serious damage to the skins and influence subsequent harvesting.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at overcoming prior art's is not enough, a potato harvester with select separately and collect function is proposed, moreover, the steam generator is simple in structure, can effectively accomplish the shock of great clod when realizing the mechanized continuous results of potato, wrap up in the sieve hourglass separation of holding soil under the arms between the potato, the potato surface wraps up in the roll separation of holding soil under the arms, adopt hierarchical formula ground separation mode, can realize covering in the earth's surface after soil is smashed, accomplish the plough operation of earth's surface soil, scatter in the surface of soil or store in the harvester with the potato after soil separation simultaneously, be convenient for pick up of potato and the planting of later stage crop.

In order to realize the above effect, the utility model discloses a technical scheme be:

a potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions comprises a first rack and a second rack fixedly hung at the rear end of the first rack, wherein a bottom beam is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the first rack, a plurality of position-adjustable plough shovel assemblies are sleeved on the bottom beam, wheels are rotatably mounted on two sides of the first rack, vibration transmission assemblies coaxially and fixedly arranged with the wheels are fixedly mounted at two ends of the bottom beam, and a power output end of each vibration transmission assembly is movably connected with a vibration separation assembly rotatably mounted at the rear end of the first rack;

a conveying device in transmission connection with the airplane wheel is arranged on one side, close to the first rack, of the second rack, and a plurality of uniformly distributed strip-shaped material grooves are formed in the conveying device;

the utility model discloses a material separating and feeding device, including conveyor, first frame, second frame, conveyer, spiral sieve material subassembly, conveyer, the below that first frame one side was kept away from on conveyor's the top is provided with the gathering groove that fixed mounting was in the second frame and the slope set up, the discharge end below of gathering the groove is provided with the spiral sieve material subassembly of rotating to install in the second frame and being connected with the conveyor transmission, the below fixedly connected with of spiral sieve material subassembly divides material unloading passageway subassembly, fixed mounting has the hole group spare of dredging in the second frame, the execution end of dredging the hole group spare slides to inlay and locates spiral sieve material subassembly and divide between the material unloading passageway subassembly, the below of dividing material unloading passageway subassembly is provided with the activity and inlays the branch material vibrations discharge chute subassembly of establishing in the second frame.

Furthermore, the spiral screen material component comprises a vertical shaft rotatably mounted on the second rack, and a spiral screen trough fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the vertical shaft, and a plurality of screen material holes are formed in the spiral trough bottom of the spiral screen trough.

Furthermore, the spiral screen trough is in a cone-shaped spiral line structure, and the projection of the inner wall/outer wall of the spiral screen trough in the vertical direction is in an Archimedes line shape.

Furthermore, the material sieving holes are divided into four continuous sections from top to bottom on the spiral material sieving groove, the aperture in each section is the same, and the apertures in the four sections are increased section by section.

Further, the material distributing and blanking channel assembly comprises a first spiral channel, a second spiral channel and a third spiral channel which are adjacent in sequence, and the first spiral channel, the second spiral channel and the third spiral channel form a spiral structure matched with the spiral screening groove.

Further, a first discharge hole is formed in the bottom end of the first spiral channel, and a first discharge pipe is arranged below the first discharge hole; a second discharge hole is formed in the bottom end of the second spiral channel, and a second discharge pipe is arranged below the second discharge hole; a third discharge hole is formed in the bottom end of the third spiral channel, and a third discharge pipe is arranged below the third discharge hole.

Furthermore, the material distributing vibration discharging groove component comprises a third discharging groove which is sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft in an empty mode, a second discharging groove which is fixedly sleeved outside the third discharging groove, and a first discharging groove which is fixedly sleeved outside the second discharging groove;

the bottom outlet of the first discharging pipe is located right above the first discharging groove, the bottom outlet of the second discharging pipe is located right above the second discharging groove, and the low-end outlet of the third discharging pipe is located right above the third discharging groove.

Further, the bottom surface of the third discharging groove is provided with at least one third discharging opening;

the bottom surface of the second discharging groove is obliquely arranged towards the lower part of one side of the third discharging groove, the bottom end of the bottom surface of the second discharging groove is provided with at least one second discharging opening, and a first discharging pipe obliquely arranged downwards is arranged below the second discharging opening;

the bottom surface of first blown down tank sets up towards the opposite side below of third blown down tank slope, and the bottom surface bottom of first blown down tank has seted up at least one first row of material mouth, and the below of first row of material mouth is provided with the second row of material pipe that the downward sloping set up.

Furthermore, the outer side of the first discharging groove is sleeved with a discharging groove bearing ring fixedly installed on the second rack, and the center of the bottom surface of the third discharging groove is fixedly connected with a vibration spring sleeved on the outer side of the bottom end of the vertical shaft.

Furthermore, the hole dredging component comprises an upright post, a guide post sleeved outside the upright post, and a guide block sleeved outside the upright post in a sliding manner and vertically embedded in the guide post in a sliding manner, wherein a return spring sleeved outside the upright post is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guide block and the top of the guide post;

the outer side surface of the guide block is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod, and the free end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a scraping plate which is clamped between the bottom of the spiral screen material groove and the tops of the first spiral channel/the second spiral channel/the third spiral channel.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. the utility model discloses a set up a plurality of plough shovel subassemblies, adopt from the potato root with soil whole mode of digging, make potato and root soil together hold up and fall again, thereby realize loosening potato rhizosphere soil under the condition of avoiding potato meat root to directly contact with the machine, the protection potato epidermis is not damaged, realize the biggest harvest commodity rate, the potato harvested can sell or put in storage cold-stored immediately;

2. the utility model discloses a vibrations separation subassembly is set up in the rear of plough shovel subassembly to realize the transmission and drive vibrations separation subassembly reciprocal swing through the vibrations transmission subassembly of cam drive structure, can carry out initiative breakage to the bold soil that falls above it, make the soil percentage of damage promote by a wide margin; meanwhile, in the process of soil crushing, the initial separation of potatoes and soil can be realized, most of the crushed and separated soil falls down and covers the ground surface again, the soil on the ground surface is ploughed, and the later-stage plant planting is facilitated;

3. the utility model discloses a set up conveyor, gather silo, spiral screen material subassembly and divide the material vibrations blown down the silo subassembly in the rear of vibrations separation subassembly, can send potato and a small amount of soil after vibrations separation subassembly initial separation to spiral screen material subassembly, through the further screening separation of spiral screen silo, make a small amount of soil and potato separation and fall back to the earth's surface, the potato after the screening then concentrates along the harvester advancing direction and spreads on the soil surface or temporarily stores in the hopper down, the pick-up of potato of being convenient for;

4. the utility model discloses simple structure, convenient to use can realize the results of potato, the broken of soil and the hierarchical formula separation operation of potato and soil in step, has greatly promoted the work efficiency of potato results, has reduced the cost input.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is one of the schematic three-dimensional structures of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a second schematic perspective view of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

fig. 5 is one of the assembly structure diagrams of the components of the first frame according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a second schematic view of an assembly structure of components on the first frame according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the bottom beam;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the plow blade assembly;

FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the shock assembly;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shock transmission assembly;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 6;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the shock separating assembly;

fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the strip-shaped trough;

fig. 14 is a schematic perspective view of the material gathering groove;

FIG. 15 is one of the schematic perspective views of the spiral screen assembly;

FIG. 16 is a second perspective view of the spiral screen assembly;

FIG. 17 is a schematic top view of the spiral screen assembly;

fig. 18 is one of schematic perspective views of the feed channel assembly;

fig. 19 is a second schematic perspective view of the distributing and blanking channel assembly;

FIG. 20 is a schematic top view of the feed chute assembly;

FIG. 21 is one of the schematic views of the assembly structure of the spiral screen assembly and the feed channel assembly;

FIG. 22 is a second schematic view of the assembly structure of the spiral screen assembly and the feed channel assembly;

FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of the vibrating chute assembly;

FIG. 24 is a second schematic perspective view of the vibrating chute assembly;

FIG. 25 is a schematic side view of the vibrating chute assembly;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of the assembly of the split vibratory chute assembly on the chute support ring;

FIG. 27 is a schematic perspective view of the perforation assembly;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of the assembly position of the perforated assembly and the spiral screen assembly;

fig. 29 is a schematic view of the position relationship between the scraper plate and the spiral screen groove and the first spiral channel.

Wherein: 1 first frame, 101 horizontal bracket, 102 first side plate, 103 connecting frame, 104 hanging rod, 105 guide sleeve, 2 second frame, 201 second side plate, 202 first connecting rod, 203 second connecting rod, 204 auxiliary roller, 3 bottom beam, 301 locking positioning groove, 302 rotating shaft, 4 plough shovel component, 401 positioning sleeve, 402 plough shovel, 403 locking screw, 5 wheel, 6 vibration transmission component, 601 cam, 6011 driving groove, 602 top rod, 6021 guide plate, 603 roller, 7 vibration separation component, 701 swinging rod, 702 swinging beam, 703 separation rod, 8 conveying device, 801 first synchronous belt roller, 802 second synchronous belt roller, 803 third synchronous belt roller, 804 synchronous belt, 805 belt pressing wheel, 9 strip-shaped trough, 10 gathering trough, 11 spiral screening component, 111 vertical shaft, 112 spiral screening trough, 113 baffle plate, 114 screening hole, 12 sparse hole component, 121 upright column, 122 guide column, 123 guide block, 124 return spring, 125 telescopic rod, 126 scraper plate, 13 driven bevel gear, 14 gear accelerator, 15 driving bevel gear, 16 material-dividing blanking channel component, 161 first spiral channel, 162 second spiral channel, 163 third spiral channel, 164 first discharge hole, 165 second discharge hole, 166 third discharge hole, 167 first discharge pipe, 168 second discharge pipe, 169 third discharge pipe, 17 material-dividing vibrating discharge groove component, 171 first discharge groove, 172 second discharge groove, 173 third discharge groove, 174 third discharge hole, 175 second discharge hole, 176 second discharge pipe, 177 first discharge hole, 178 first discharge pipe, 179 vibrating spring, 18 gear shaft, 19 discharge groove support ring.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to enable those skilled in the art to more easily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and thereby define the scope of the invention more clearly and clearly.

Referring to fig. 1 to 29, a potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions comprises a first frame 1 and a second frame 2 fixedly hung at the rear end of the first frame 1. The first frame 1 comprises a horizontal bracket 101, a first side plate 102 fixedly connected to the bottoms of two sides of the horizontal bracket 101, and a connecting frame 103 fixedly connected to the top of the horizontal bracket 101. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the horizontal bracket 101 is a square frame welded by using square pipes; the first side plate 102 is vertically arranged and fixed at the two side ends of the horizontal bracket 101 through bolts; the connecting frame 103 is composed of a V-shaped frame plate and an auxiliary rod, two ends of the bottom of the V-shaped frame plate and the bottom end of the auxiliary rod are respectively connected to the connecting lug seats at the top of the horizontal support 101 through pin shafts, and the top end of the V-shaped frame plate is connected with the top end of the auxiliary rod through pin shafts, so that a triangular connecting frame is formed; the top of the connecting frame 101 is provided with a hanging ring for hanging with a tractor, thereby driving the whole harvester to work.

The bottom of the inner wall of the two first side plates 102 is fixedly connected with the bottom beam 3 through bolts, the bottom beam 3 is made of square pipes, two sides of the top surface of the bottom plate are fixedly connected with two suspenders 104 through bolts, and the top ends of the suspenders 104 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal support 101 through bolts, so that the bottom beam 3 is arranged in the middle of the lower portion of the horizontal support 101 in parallel.

A plurality of position-adjustable plough shovel assemblies 4, 7 in the embodiment shown in figure 5, are sleeved on the bottom beam 3. As shown in FIG. 8, the plow blade assembly 4 comprises a positioning sleeve 401 sleeved outside the bottom beam 3 and a plow blade 402 fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the positioning sleeve 401, and the positioning sleeve 401 is fastened on the bottom beam 3 through a locking screw 403. The positioning sleeve 401 is a square hollow cylinder structure, and the section shape of the inner through hole of the positioning sleeve is matched with that of the bottom beam 3, so that the positioning sleeve 401 is sleeved on the bottom beam 3 in an empty mode and can move horizontally along the length direction of the bottom beam 3. The plow blade 402 is arrow-shaped, the front end is sharp and has small thickness, the rear end is flat and has large thickness, the arrow shape of the plow blade 402 can reduce the resistance to soil penetration, and the plow blade is firm and durable. The rear end of the shovel blade 402 is fixed to the positioning sleeve 401 by a bolt, so that the shovel blade 402 is arranged obliquely.

The locating sleeve 401 is provided with a locking screw 403 on the side opposite to the side where the plough shovel is located, and the bottom beam 3 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed locking locating grooves 301 on the side close to the locking screw 403, as shown in fig. 7. The end part of the locking screw 403 can be embedded into the locking positioning groove 301, and the position of the positioning sleeve 401 on the bottom beam 3 can be adjusted after the locking screw 403 is unscrewed, so that the distance between two adjacent plough shovels 402 can be adjusted; tightening the lock nut 403 secures the adjusted alignment sleeve 401 to the bottom beam 3.

The inner part of the bottom beam 3 is rotatably sleeved with a rotating shaft 302 as shown in fig. 7. A sleeve (not shown) is coaxially embedded inside the bottom beam 3, and the two end edges of the sleeve and the end of the bottom beam 3 are welded and fixed into a whole. The rotating shaft 302 is sleeved in the sleeve, and the shaft diameters of the two ends of the rotating shaft 302 are rotatably installed in the two first side plates 102 through bearings, respectively, so that the rotating shaft 302 can rotate in the first side plates 102. Two ends of the rotating shaft 302 are fixedly connected with the wheels 5 located outside the first side plate 102 respectively, so that the wheels 5 can drive the rotating shaft 302 to rotate in the rolling process of the soil surface, and power is provided for the subsequent structure of the whole harvester. Preferably, a gear structure or a tire structure is adopted on the circumferential surface of the wheel 5 to enhance the engagement force of the wheel 5 with the soil surface, so that the wheel 5 keeps rolling continuously during the traveling.

The shaft diameters of the two ends of the rotating shaft 302 are fixedly provided with vibration transmission components 6. As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the vibration transmission assembly 6 includes a cam 601 fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 302, a top bar 602 movably connected to the inner wall of the first side plate 102, and a roller 603 movably embedded in the side surface of the cam is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the top bar 602. The two cams 601 are symmetrically fixedly disposed at both ends of the rotating shaft 302 by bolt connection. The end of the stem 602 is of a Y-shaped configuration and nests outside the edge of the cam 601. The roller 603 is sleeved on the polished rod part of the bolt in an empty way, the positioning is realized through a nut, the bolt is connected in the side wall of the mandril 602 in a threaded way, and the end part of the bolt is fixedly connected on the outer wall of the mandril 602 through a locknut.

Specifically, two side surfaces of the cam 601 are symmetrically provided with cam-shaped driving grooves 6011, the roller 603 is located in the driving grooves 6011, and the outer circular surface of the roller 603 is in rolling contact with the groove walls of the driving grooves 6011, so that the cam 601 and the mandril 602 form a cam transmission mechanism. As shown in fig. 11, a guide plate 6021 is fixedly disposed on one side of the top bar 602, a guide sleeve 105 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first side plate 102, and the guide plate 6021 is slidably inserted into the guide sleeve 105, so that the top bar 602 can be driven to horizontally reciprocate along the guide sleeve 105 during the continuous rotation of the cam 601.

The power output end of the vibration transmission assembly 6 is movably connected with a vibration separation assembly 7 which is rotatably arranged between the rear ends of the two first side plates 102. As shown in fig. 12, the shock separating assembly 7 includes a swing link 701 rotatably connected to an inner wall of the first side plate 102, and a swing beam 702 fixed between ends of the two swing links 701. The middle part of the swing link 701 is mounted on the inner wall of the first side plate 102 through a pin, so that the swing link 701 can rotate freely around the pin. One end of the oscillating rod 701, which is far away from the oscillating beam 702, is provided with a kidney-shaped notch, the end part of the ejector rod 602 is fixedly connected with a pin shaft, and the pin shaft is positioned in the kidney-shaped notch, so that the oscillating rod 701 is in sliding connection with the power output end of the vibration transmission assembly 6, and the oscillating rod 701 is driven to oscillate back and forth in the horizontal reciprocating motion process of the ejector rod 602.

The top of the swing beam 702 is fixedly connected with a plurality of separating rods 703, the separating rods 703 are uniformly and obliquely distributed on the swing beam 702, and the higher end of the separating rod 703 is close to the bottom beam 3 and is positioned below the top surface of the bottom beam 3, so that the potatoes and the soil at the root thereof continuously lifted by the plough shovel 402 naturally fall on the separating rods 703 from the top of the bottom beam 3, and the soil is crushed in the falling and impacting processes. In the process that the separating rod 703 swings up and down along the swinging beam 702, the soil crushing effect can be effectively enhanced, meanwhile, the potatoes and the soil can be separated and stay at the top of the separating rod 703, and then fall to the rear along the top surface of the separating rod 703. Preferably, the outside of the separating rod 703 is covered with a rubber sleeve (not shown) to reduce mechanical damage caused by the potatoes striking the separating rod 703 when falling onto the separating rod 703.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the second frame 2 includes two second side plates 201 disposed left and right, front ends of the second side plates 201 are respectively hung on the first side plate 102 through a first connecting rod 202 and a second connecting rod 203, and two sides of a bottom of a rear end of the second side plates 201 are respectively rotatably connected with auxiliary rollers 204, so that the second frame 2 can move forward along with the first frame 1. One side of the second frame 2 close to the first frame 1 is provided with a conveying device 8 which is in transmission connection with the wheel 5.

As shown in fig. 3, the conveying device 8 is a synchronous belt conveying device, and includes a first synchronous belt roller 801 and a second synchronous belt roller 802 rotatably mounted at the bottom of the front end of the second side plate 201, and a third synchronous belt roller 803 rotatably mounted at the top of the front end of the second side plate 201, the outer sides of the first synchronous belt roller 801, the second synchronous belt roller 802, and the third synchronous belt roller 803 are connected with a synchronous belt 804, and a pinch roller 805 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the front end of each of the two second side plates 201. The two pinch rollers 805 are respectively pressed on two side edges of the top surface of the synchronous belt 804, so that the synchronous belt 804 is integrally L-shaped, the bottom section of the synchronous belt 804 is arranged below the tail end of the separation rod 703, and the top section of the synchronous belt 804 is obliquely arranged towards one side far away from the separation rod 703.

The gear accelerator 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer side face of the front end of the right second side plate 201, the output shaft end of the gear accelerator 14 is fixedly connected with the right end of the first synchronous belt roller 801, and the input shaft end of the gear accelerator 14 is fixedly installed with a first driven sprocket; a first driving chain wheel is fixedly mounted at the shaft end of the right airplane wheel 5, and the first driving chain wheel is in transmission connection with a first driven chain wheel through a first chain; in the process that the wheel 5 rolls forward clockwise, the chain transmission device and the gear accelerator 14 drive the first synchronous belt roller 801 to rotate anticlockwise, the rotating speed of the first synchronous belt roller 801 is greater than that of the wheel 5, and further the synchronous belt 804 is driven to move anticlockwise, so that potatoes and partial soil falling onto the synchronous belt 804 from the tail end of the separating rod 703 are conveyed to the top of the tail end of the conveying device 8.

The surface of hold-in range 804 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed bar silo 9. As shown in fig. 13, the side wall of the strip-shaped trough 9 is of a rake-tooth-shaped structure. Bar silo 9's notch direction sets up on the top surface of hold-in range 804 up for hold-in range 804 is separated for continuous segment by bar silo 9 the potato that drops in succession on the surface and a small amount of earth, when bar silo 9 got into the upper portion slope section of hold-in range 804 by the bottom horizontal segment of hold-in range 804, potato and earth in every segment followed hold-in range 804 the surperficial downward landing to the bar silo 9 that corresponds in, and partial earth continues to drop downwards by bar silo 9's rake teeth clearance, thereby realize the quadratic separation of some and potato in this part a small amount of soil. Preferably, the surface of the synchronous belt 804 is provided with through holes uniformly distributed, so that the dropped soil can directly fall back to the ground surface through the through holes.

The top of conveyor 8 is kept away from the below of first frame 1 one side and is provided with fixed mounting on second frame 2 and the gathering groove 10 that the slope set up, as shown in fig. 14, gathering groove 10 is formed by bottom plate and the baffle welding that is located bottom plate top surface both sides, leaves the discharge gate between the bottom of two baffles, then the potato of being carried in succession by hold-in range 804 and wrap up in the partial soil on potato surface and overturn in gathering groove 10 continuously, and then fall and gather together downwards in succession. Preferably, gather tank bottom top of silo 10 for in the crisscross rake teeth structure who sets up of bar silo 9 for gather the material between silo 10 and every bar silo 9 and link up more compact and smooth and easy.

A spiral screen material component 11 which is rotatably arranged on the second frame 2 and is in transmission connection with the conveying device 8 is arranged below the discharge end of the material gathering groove 10. As shown in fig. 15 to 17, the spiral screen material assembly 11 includes a vertical shaft 111 rotatably mounted on the second frame 2, and a spiral screen groove 112 fixedly secured to the outer side of the vertical shaft 111. A first mounting plate and a second mounting plate are respectively welded and fixed between the tops and the bottoms of the tail ends of the two second side plates 201, the vertical shaft 111 is vertically mounted between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and two ends of the vertical shaft 111 are respectively rotatably mounted in the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate through bearings; spiral sieve silo 112 is big-end-up's taper helical line structure and sets up with vertical axis 111 is coaxial, and spiral sieve silo 112's inner wall is through many with connecting rod and vertical axis 111 fixed connection for spiral sieve silo 112 can rotate with vertical axis 111 synchronous.

The top end of the vertical shaft 111 is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear 13, the tops of the two second side plates 201 are rotatably provided with gear shafts 18, the gear shafts 18 are fixedly provided with a driving bevel gear 15 which is positioned on the left side of the top of the driven bevel gear 13 and is in meshing transmission connection with the driven bevel gear 13, and the driving bevel gear 15 and the driven bevel gear 13 are in speed-increasing transmission. A second driven sprocket positioned on the outer side of the second side plate 201 is fixedly installed at the right end of the gear shaft 18, a second driving sprocket positioned on the outer side of the second side plate 201 is fixedly installed at the right end of the third synchronous belt roller 803, and the second driving sprocket and the second driven sprocket are in transmission connection through a second chain, so that the spiral sieve trough 112 can synchronously rotate clockwise in the continuous feeding process of the conveying device 8, and potatoes in the spiral sieve trough 112 can continuously roll downwards along the spiral sieve trough 112.

A plurality of material screening holes 114 are formed in the spiral groove bottom of the spiral screening trough 112, the material screening holes 114 are divided into four continuous sections from top to bottom on the spiral screening trough 112, the horizontal projection of each section corresponds to 3/4 spiral rings, the pore diameter in each section is the same, and the pore diameter in the four sections is increased section by section. Specifically, the aperture of the sieve holes 114 at the topmost section is 1-2 mm, so that potatoes cannot pass through the sieve holes at the topmost section, only small particles of soil are allowed to pass through the sieve holes at the topmost section, the specific aperture of the sieve holes 114 at the three remaining sections is determined according to the potato sorting grade, then the potatoes falling from the material collecting groove 10 and part of the soil wrapped on the surfaces of the potatoes fall into the spiral sieve groove 112, the part of the soil wrapped on the surfaces of the potatoes falls off from the surfaces of the potatoes due to impact, and in the rotating process of the spiral sieve groove 112, the fallen soil directly falls back to the soil surface from the sieve holes 114 at the first section; during the downward rolling of the potatoes in the bottom of the spiral screen trough 112, the potatoes of the minimum size grade fall out of the spiral screen trough 112 through the second section of the screen openings 114, the potatoes of the second size grade fall out of the spiral screen trough 112 through the third section of the screen openings 114, and the remaining potatoes of the third size grade fall out of the spiral screen trough 112 through the fourth section of the screen openings 114.

Meanwhile, in the rolling process of the potatoes, soil on the surface of the potatoes is also continuously vibrated to fall off or rubbed to peel off. Because there may be root pedicles connected between the potatoes, when smaller potatoes fall below the spiral sieve trough 112 and larger potatoes are blocked and retained in the spiral sieve trough 112, the edges of the sieve holes 114 can cut off the suspended root pedicles during the rotation of the spiral sieve trough 112, so that small potatoes and large potatoes are separated, and then the small potatoes fall and the large potatoes continue to slide down in the spiral sieve trough 112.

Preferably, the projection of the inner wall/outer wall of the spiral screen trough 112 in the vertical direction is in an archimedes line shape, so that the spiral screen trough 112 is not overlapped in the vertical projection direction, and the soil falling from the screen holes 114 on the upper layer cannot fall into the trough on the lower layer again, thereby avoiding repeated screening and improving the screening efficiency. Further, the baffle 113 is integrally arranged at the top of the inner wall of the spiral screen trough 112, so that the potatoes can be effectively prevented from jumping out of the trough through the rebounding action of the trough bottom of the spiral screen trough 112 after falling out of the gathering trough 10, and all the potatoes are guaranteed to fall into the spiral screen trough 112.

A material-separating and blanking channel assembly 16 is fixedly connected below the spiral screen material assembly 11, as shown in fig. 18 to 20, the material-separating and blanking channel assembly 16 includes a first spiral channel 161, a second spiral channel 162 and a third spiral channel 163 which are adjacent in sequence, the first spiral channel 161, the second spiral channel 162 and the third spiral channel 163 form a spiral structure matched with the spiral screen trough 112, and the three channels are not communicated with each other. Wherein the first spiral channel 161, the second spiral channel 162 and the third spiral channel 163 are respectively and correspondingly located right below the second section, the third section and the fourth section of the sieving hole 114, and then the potatoes which are graded and sieved and dropped by the sieving hole 114 respectively and correspondingly fall into the first spiral channel 161, the second spiral channel 162 and the third spiral channel 163 in the vertical falling process.

As shown in fig. 20, a first discharge hole 164 is formed at the bottom end of the first spiral channel 161, and a first discharge pipe 167 is arranged below the first discharge hole 164; a second discharge hole 165 is formed in the bottom end of the second spiral channel 162, and a second discharge pipe 168 is arranged below the second discharge hole 165; a third discharge hole 166 is formed in the bottom end of the third spiral passage 163, and a third discharge pipe 169 is arranged below the third discharge hole 166. The potatoes falling into the first spiral passage 161, the second spiral passage 162 and the third spiral passage 163 in three size classes respectively fall vertically through the first discharging pipe 167, the second discharging pipe 168 and the third discharging pipe 169 and are distributed in three annular areas corresponding to the circular motion of the three discharging pipes. The position assembly structure of the spiral screen material assembly 11 and the divided material blanking channel assembly 16 is shown in fig. 21 and 22.

A material-distributing vibration discharging chute assembly 17 movably embedded on the second frame 2 is arranged below the material-distributing and discharging channel assembly 16. As shown in fig. 23 to 25, the material-separating vibrating discharging chute assembly 17 includes a third discharging chute 173 loosely sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft 111, a second discharging chute 172 fixedly sleeved outside the third discharging chute 173, and a first discharging chute 171 fixedly sleeved outside the second discharging chute 172.

Wherein, the bottom outlet of first discharging pipe 167 is located directly over first blown down tank 171, the bottom outlet of second discharging pipe 168 is located directly over second blown down tank 172, the low end outlet of third discharging pipe 169 is located directly over third blown down tank 173, the notch of three blown down tanks corresponds three annular region that three discharging pipe circular motion corresponds promptly, then fall in three blown down tanks that keep apart each other respectively correspondingly by the potato of three size grades of dropping in three discharging ports.

The bottom surface of the third discharging chute 173 is a concave conical surface in the middle, and six third discharging ports 174 uniformly distributed around the central axis of the conical surface are formed in the conical surface; the bottom surface of the second discharging groove 172 is obliquely arranged towards the lower left side of the third discharging groove 173, a second discharging opening 175 is formed in the bottom end of the bottom surface of the second discharging groove 172, and a second discharging pipe 176 which is obliquely arranged downwards is arranged below the second discharging opening 175; the bottom surface of the first discharging groove 171 is obliquely arranged towards the lower part of the right side of the third discharging groove 173, a first discharging port 177 is arranged at the bottom end of the bottom surface of the first discharging groove 171, and a first discharging pipe 178 obliquely arranged downwards is arranged below the first discharging port 177. The smaller size grades of potatoes in the first discharge chute 171 are discharged through the first discharge pipe 178 and are linearly distributed in the right area of the soil in the direction of advance of the harvester; the potatoes of the medium size grade in the second discharge chute 172 are discharged through a second discharge pipe 176 and are linearly distributed in the left area of the soil along the advancing direction of the harvester; the potatoes of the larger size grade in the third discharge chute 173 are directly discharged through the third discharge opening 174 and fall down onto the ground surface soil, and are linearly distributed in the middle area of the soil along the advancing direction of the harvester, so that the potatoes of the three size grades are screened and collected.

Preferably, the outer side of the first discharging chute 171 is sleeved with a discharging chute support ring 19 fixedly mounted on the second frame 2, as shown in fig. 26, the top edge of the first discharging chute 171 is arranged on an overlapping flange, and the overlapping flange is overlapped on the top surface of the discharging chute support ring 19; a vertically arranged guide strip (not shown in the figure) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first discharging chute 171, and a guide groove (not shown in the figure) matched with the guide strip is formed in the inner wall of the discharging chute bearing ring 19, so that the first discharging chute 171 vertically floats in the discharging chute bearing ring 19. The bottom center of the third discharging chute 173 is fixedly connected with a vibration spring 179 sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft 111, and in the advancing process of the harvester, the material-distributing vibration discharging chute assembly 17 generates random vertical floating vibration, so that the potatoes in the three discharging chutes can smoothly fall out.

A third mounting plate and a fourth mounting plate are respectively welded and fixed between the tops and the bottoms of the middle positions of the two second side plates 201, a hole dredging component 12 which is positioned on one side of the spiral screen trough 112 and below the material gathering trough 10 is fixedly mounted on the second frame 2 (between the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate), and an execution end of the hole dredging component 12 is slidably embedded between the spiral screen component 11 and the material distributing and discharging channel component 16. As shown in fig. 27, the hole dredging assembly 12 includes a vertical column 121, a guiding post 122 sleeved outside the vertical column 121, and a guiding block 123 slidably sleeved outside the vertical column 121 and slidably vertically embedded in the guiding post 122. The upright column 121 is vertically fixed between the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate, a guide groove vertically arranged is formed in the side face, close to the spiral screen trough 112, of the upright column 121, and the guide block 123 can reciprocate in the vertical direction under the limiting effect of the guide column 122 and the guide groove.

A return spring 124 sleeved outside the upright post 121 is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guide block 123 and the top of the guide post 122; the outer side surface of the guide block 123 is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod 125, the telescopic rod 125 is a multi-layer sleeve type spring telescopic rod, and the telescopic length of each layer of sleeve is not smaller than the radial single-layer groove width of the spiral screen material groove 112. The free end of the telescopic rod 125 is fixedly connected with a scraper plate 126 which is clamped between the bottom of the spiral screen trough 112 and the top of the first spiral channel 161/the second spiral channel 162/the third spiral channel 163, as shown in fig. 28 and 29. The scraping plate 126 is an L-shaped thin plate horizontally arranged, under the action of the pulling force of the return spring 124, the top surface of the horizontal section of the scraping plate 126 is in sliding fit with the bottom surface of the spiral screen trough 112, and the inner side surface of the vertical section of the scraping plate 26 is in sliding fit with the outer side surface of the inner wall of the spiral screen trough 112. A certain gap is left between the inner side wall of the first spiral channel 161/the second spiral channel 162/the third spiral channel 163 and the inner side wall of the spiral screen trough 112, and a certain gap is left between the top end of the outer wall of the first spiral channel 161/the second spiral channel 162/the third spiral channel 163 and the trough bottom surface of the spiral screen trough 112, so that the scraper plate 126 can continuously slide between the first spiral channel 161/the second spiral channel 162/the third spiral channel 163 and the spiral screen trough 112.

When the spiral screen trough 112 continuously rotates clockwise to complete the separation process of the potatoes and the soil wrapped on the surface of the potatoes, the bottom spiral surface of the spiral screen trough 112 continuously acts on the top surface of the horizontal section and the inner side surface of the vertical section of the scraping plate 126, so that the guide block 123, the telescopic rod 125 and the scraping plate 126 continuously move vertically downwards, and the return spring 124 is stretched to store energy; at the same time, the scraper plate 126 continuously moves horizontally toward one side of the vertical shaft 111, the sleeve in the telescopic rod 125 is pulled out, and the spring is stretched to store energy. In the process, the scraping plate 126 slides relatively to the bottom surface of the spiral sieve trough 112, so that the potatoes or the bumps with smaller volume clamped in the sieve holes 114 can be pushed to move out of the sieve holes 114 and roll downwards along the top surface of the spiral sieve trough 112, the sieve holes 114 can be combed, meanwhile, the suspended roots and stems can be cut off, the small potatoes and the large potatoes are separated, then the small potatoes fall, and the large potatoes continue to slide downwards in the spiral sieve trough 112. When the scraping plate 126 moves down to the lowest position and the telescopic rod 125 extends to the farthest distance, the scraping plate 126 is located at the lowest end of the spiral sieve trough 112; after the spiral screen trough 112 continues to rotate, the scraping plate 126 is separated from the bottom end of the spiral screen trough 112, the telescopic rod 125 contracts under the action of the internal spring thereof, the guide block 123 moves upwards in a reset manner under the action of the return spring 124, the scraping plate 126 is located below the topmost end of the spiral screen trough 112 after the reset, and then the sieving hole carding process of the next period is started in an automatic cycle.

The above only is the embodiment of the present invention, not limiting the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent structures or equivalent processes that are used in the specification and the attached drawings or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a potato harvester with select separately and collect function, includes first frame (1) and fixed articulate in second frame (2) of first frame (1) rear end, its characterized in that: a bottom beam (3) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the first rack (1), a plurality of position-adjustable plough shovel assemblies (4) are sleeved on the bottom beam (3), wheels (5) are rotatably arranged on two sides of the first rack (1), vibration transmission assemblies (6) which are coaxially and fixedly arranged with the wheels (5) are fixedly arranged at two ends of the bottom beam (3), and a power output end of each vibration transmission assembly (6) is movably connected with a vibration separation assembly (7) which is rotatably arranged at the rear end of the first rack (1);

one side, close to the first rack (1), of the second rack (2) is provided with a conveying device (8) in transmission connection with the airplane wheel (5), and the conveying device (8) is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed strip-shaped material grooves (9);

the utility model discloses a material separating device, including conveyor (8), first frame (1), second frame (2), gathering groove (10), spiral sieve material subassembly (11), the below that first frame (1) one side was kept away from on conveyor's (8) top is provided with fixed mounting and inclines to set up on second frame (2), the discharge end below of gathering groove (10) is provided with rotates and installs spiral sieve material subassembly (11) on second frame (2) and be connected with conveyor (8) transmission, the below fixedly connected with of spiral sieve material subassembly (11) divides material unloading passageway subassembly (16), fixed mounting has on second frame (2) dredged hole subassembly (12), the execution end of dredged hole subassembly (12) slides and inlays and locates spiral sieve material subassembly (11) and divide between the material unloading passageway subassembly (16), the below of dividing material unloading passageway subassembly (16) is provided with the activity and inlays branch material vibrations discharge chute subassembly (17) of establishing on second frame (2).

2. The potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spiral screening component (11) comprises a vertical shaft (111) rotatably mounted on the second rack (2) and a spiral screening trough (112) fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the vertical shaft (111), and a plurality of screening holes (114) are formed in the spiral trough bottom of the spiral screening trough (112).

3. The potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the spiral screen trough (112) is in a conical spiral line structure, and the projection of the inner wall/outer wall of the spiral screen trough (112) in the vertical direction is in an Archimedes line shape.

4. The potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sieve material holes (114) are divided into four continuous sections from top to bottom on the spiral sieve material groove (112), the aperture in each section is the same, and the apertures in the four sections are increased section by section.

5. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the material distribution and blanking channel assembly (16) comprises a first spiral channel (161), a second spiral channel (162) and a third spiral channel (163) which are adjacent in sequence, and the first spiral channel (161), the second spiral channel (162) and the third spiral channel (163) form a spiral structure matched with the spiral screening groove (112).

6. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 5, wherein: a first discharge hole (164) is formed in the bottom end of the first spiral channel (161), and a first discharge pipe (167) is arranged below the first discharge hole (164); a second discharge hole (165) is formed in the bottom end of the second spiral channel (162), and a second discharge pipe (168) is arranged below the second discharge hole (165); a third discharge hole (166) is formed in the bottom end of the third spiral channel (163), and a third discharge pipe (169) is arranged below the third discharge hole (166).

7. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the material-distributing vibration discharging groove component (17) comprises a third discharging groove (173) sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft (111) in an empty mode, a second discharging groove (172) fixedly sleeved outside the third discharging groove (173), and a first discharging groove (171) fixedly sleeved outside the second discharging groove (172);

the bottom outlet of the first discharge pipe (167) is located directly above the first discharge chute (171), the bottom outlet of the second discharge pipe (168) is located directly above the second discharge chute (172), and the bottom outlet of the third discharge pipe (169) is located directly above the third discharge chute (173).

8. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the bottom surface of the third discharging groove (173) is provided with at least one third discharging opening (174);

the bottom surface of the second discharging groove (172) is obliquely arranged towards the lower part of one side of the third discharging groove (173), the bottom end of the bottom surface of the second discharging groove (172) is provided with at least one second discharging opening (175), and a second discharging pipe (176) which is obliquely arranged is arranged below the second discharging opening (175);

the bottom surface of the first discharging groove (171) is obliquely arranged towards the lower part of the other side of the third discharging groove (173), at least one first discharging opening (177) is formed in the bottom end of the bottom surface of the first discharging groove (171), and a first discharging pipe (178) obliquely arranged downwards is arranged below the first discharging opening (177).

9. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein: the outside cover of first blown down tank (171) is equipped with blown down tank bearing ring (19) on fixed mounting second frame (2), the vibrations spring (179) in the outside of vertical axis (111) bottom are located to the bottom surface center fixedly connected with cover of third blown down tank (173).

10. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the hole dredging component (12) comprises an upright post (121), a guide post (122) sleeved on the outer side of the upright post (121), and a guide block (123) which is sleeved on the outer side of the upright post (121) in a sliding manner and vertically embedded in the guide post (122), wherein a return spring (124) sleeved on the outer side of the upright post (121) is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guide block (123) and the top of the guide post (122);

the outer side surface of the guide block (123) is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod (125), and the free end of the telescopic rod (125) is fixedly connected with a scraping plate (126) which is clamped between the bottom of the spiral screen trough (112) and the tops of the first spiral channel (161)/the second spiral channel (162)/the third spiral channel (163).

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