CN214366030U - Horizontal well micro-seismic monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Horizontal well micro-seismic monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a horizontal well micro-seismic monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing binds the armor optical cable in the metal casing outside of vertical well, inclined shaft or horizontal well and permanently fixes with well cementation cement, combines the horizontal well orbit to put the single mode fiber who buries underground at ground projection line position earth's surface shallow portion level, constitutes one and carries out hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring and carries out the long-term dynamic monitoring's of the liquid profile of producing of oil and gas production well in real time sensing unit in the pit. The DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the well mouth ground is connected with an external armored optical cable of a well casing and a single mode optical fiber horizontally buried in a shallow part of the earth surface to form a horizontal well hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing, and indispensable means, systems and methods are provided for realizing real-time monitoring, accurate evaluation of transformation effect, real-time adjustment and optimization of fracturing construction parameters, perfection of development scheme, scientific management and improvement of recovery ratio of reservoir transformation carried out by hydraulic fracturing.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, concretely relates to horizontal well microseism monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology started in 1977 and developed rapidly along with the development of the optical fiber communication technology, and the optical fiber sensing technology is an important mark for measuring the informatization degree of a country. The optical fiber sensing technology is widely applied to the fields of military affairs, national defense, aerospace, industrial and mining enterprises, energy environmental protection, industrial control, medicine and health, metering test, building, household appliances and the like, and has a wide market. There are hundreds of fiber sensing technologies in the world, and physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow, displacement, vibration, rotation, bending, liquid level, speed, acceleration, sound field, current, voltage, magnetic field, radiation and the like realize sensing with different performances.
The downhole optical fiber sensing system can be used for measuring pressure, temperature, noise, vibration, sound wave, seismic wave, flow, component analysis, electric field and magnetic field downhole. The system is based on a full armored optical cable structure, and the sensor and the connecting and data transmission cable are all made of optical fibers. At present, there are various underground armored optical cables, such as those placed in an underground control pipeline, placed in a coiled tubing, directly integrated into the wall of the coiled tubing made of composite material, bound and fixed outside the coiled tubing, placed in a casing, bound and fixed outside the casing and permanently fixed with well-cementing cement.
The micro-seismic monitoring technology is a geophysical technology which is based on acoustic emission and seismology and monitors the influence, effect and reservoir state of production activities by observing and analyzing micro-seismic events generated in the production activities. Unlike traditional seismic exploration, the location of the seismic source, the intensity of the seismic source, and the time of occurrence of the earthquake are unknown in microseismic monitoring, and determining these unknown factors is the primary task of microseismic monitoring. As a technology developed based on geophysical physics and capable of effectively monitoring the occurrence position of rock micro-fracture, the micro-seismic monitoring technology has been widely applied to the fields of mine dynamic disaster monitoring, reservoir reconstruction by hydraulic fracturing and the like.
The fracture micro-seismic monitoring technology monitors micro-seismic waves induced by a fracturing (water injection) well in a fracturing (water injection) process through a downhole three-component detector array arranged in an adjacent well or a ground single-component or three-component detector array or a three-component detector embedded in a shallow well on the ground surface to describe the geometrical shape and the spatial distribution of fracture growth in the fracturing (water injection) process. The method can provide the height, the length and the azimuth angle of fractures generated in fracturing construction in real time, and the information can be used for optimizing fracturing design, optimizing well patterns or other oil field development measures, so that the recovery rate is improved. The method is mainly applied to two aspects of fracturing effect evaluation and prediction.
Microseismic water flood front: and monitoring the range and the edge of water flooding in the water injection process of the water injection well by placing a three-component detector in an adjacent well or performing interwell earthquake. The wave and range, the propulsion direction and the water wave and area of the block of the injected water of each water injection well are known and mastered, and reliable technical basis is provided for reasonably deploying the injection and production well network, excavating the residual oil and improving the final economic recovery ratio.
With the rapid development of unconventional resource exploration and development technologies, the large-scale wide application of horizontal well drilling technologies and technologies for reservoir transformation by hydraulic fracturing, oil and gas companies can complete drilling, well completion, well cementation and hydraulic fracturing operations of up to ten horizontal wells at one time in one well platform and one well hole at present. As no other drilling holes are arranged in the range of several kilometers around a well platform for performing hydraulic fracturing operation, the drilling holes can be used for performing real-time monitoring of adjacent well hydraulic fracturing micro-earthquake, and an underground three-component detector cannot be arranged in a shaft for performing the fracturing operation due to the existence of a fracturing operation pipe column to perform real-time monitoring of the same well fracturing micro-earthquake, a plurality of fracturing operations can only rely on the three-component detector arranged on the ground or embedded in a shallow well to monitor the micro-earthquake event induced in the fracturing process of the fracturing well. However, due to the fact that reservoirs subjected to hydraulic fracturing reconstruction are buried deeply (reaching thousands of meters deep) and the ground has large interference noise, the hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring effect performed on the ground or a shallow well is not ideal, and the number of micro-seismic events induced by the monitored underground hydraulic fracturing is usually less than 30% of the number of actual micro-seismic events.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the problem and difficulty that adjacent well hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring and ground or shallow well hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring are poor in effect when no adjacent well is drilled, and hydraulic fracturing operation induced micro-seismic monitoring of up to ten horizontal wells can be conducted in real time in one well platform and one well hole. The utility model provides a horizontal well microseism monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing, its purpose is overcome prior art not enough. The utility model provides a horizontal well micro-seismic monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing binds the armor optical cable in the sleeve pipe outside of vertical well, inclined shaft or horizontal well and permanently fixes with well cementation cement, combines the horizontal well orbit at the high sensitivity single mode fiber that ground projection line position earth's surface shallow portion was buried underground, founds one and can carry out hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring and carry out long-term dynamic monitoring's downhole sensing unit to the production profile of oil and gas production well in real time. The DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the well mouth ground is connected with an external armored optical cable of an underground casing and a high-sensitivity single-mode optical fiber embedded in a shallow part of the earth surface, so that a horizontal well hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing is formed, and indispensable means, systems and methods are provided for realizing real-time monitoring, accurate evaluation of transformation effect, real-time adjustment and optimization of fracturing construction parameters, perfection of development scheme, scientific management and improvement of recovery ratio of reservoir transformation carried out by hydraulic fracturing.
In order to achieve the above object, the specific technical solution of the present invention is:
the horizontal well microseism monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing comprises a metal sleeve, wherein an armored optical cable is fixed on the outer side of the metal sleeve, a special optical fiber is arranged in the armored optical cable, or a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode fiber outside the sleeve and a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity multi-mode fiber outside the sleeve are arranged, a high-sensitivity ground single-mode fiber is horizontally embedded in the shallow part of a projection line on the ground along the track of a horizontal well, and the horizontal well microseism monitoring system further comprises a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument placed near the wellhead;
two DAS signal ports of the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument are connected with single mode optical fibers outside a sleeve and single mode optical fibers horizontally buried in the ground, and two DTS signal ports of the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument are connected with multimode optical fibers outside the sleeve.
And at least one layer of continuous metal tubule is arranged outside the single-mode optical fiber outside the sleeve and the multi-mode optical fiber outside the sleeve to encapsulate the single-mode optical fiber and the multi-mode optical fiber.
The tail end of the single-mode fiber outside the sleeve and the tail end of the single-mode fiber horizontally embedded in the ground are respectively provided with a deluster, and the tail ends of the multi-mode fiber outside the sleeve are welded together in a U shape at the bottom of the well and are used for being connected to two DTS signal double-end signal input ports of a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument.
The armored optical cable is characterized by further comprising an annular metal clip, wherein the annular metal clip is fixedly arranged at the position of the metal casing shoe to protect and fix the armored optical cable.
The monitoring method of the horizontal well microseism monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing comprises the following steps:
(a) synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve and the armored optical cable into a drilled well hole;
(b) the annular metal clip is arranged at the junction of the two metal sleeves at the wellhead, so that the armored optical cable is fixed and protected from moving and/or being damaged in the process of casing running;
(c) pumping cement slurry from the well bottom by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the well bottom along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing and the drill hole, and permanently fixing the metal casing, the armored optical cable and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(d) connecting a single-mode optical fiber outside a sleeve and a multi-mode optical fiber outside the sleeve in the armored optical cable to DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instruments at a wellhead respectively; connecting a ground horizontal single mode optical fiber buried in an underground shallow part to a DAS signal input end of a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument;
(e) continuously transmitting a sound source signal in the metal sleeve by using a sound source transmitter arranged in the underground perforating gun, and orienting and positioning the armored optical cable arranged outside the metal sleeve of the whole well section according to the armored optical cable and the sound source signal transmitted by the underground sound source transmitter detected by a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument on the ground;
(f) adjusting the position and the perforating position of a perforating bullet in the perforating gun according to the measured position and the measured position of the armored optical cable arranged outside the metal casing of the whole well section, and preventing the armored optical cable arranged outside the metal casing from being broken during perforating through directional perforating operation;
(g) collecting three-dimensional ground seismic data of a region around a horizontal well, performing necessary preprocessing, then obtaining three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data volumes by using a full-waveform inversion technology, and finally calibrating, adjusting and updating the three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity data volumes obtained by full-waveform inversion by using acoustic logging velocity data and VSP velocity data to obtain a primary seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity field of a stratum around the horizontal well;
(h) sequentially carrying out directional perforation operation on the metal casing at a pre-designed perforation position in the underground, simultaneously recording microseism signals generated during the directional perforation operation by utilizing single mode fibers outside the casing arranged in the underground, ground horizontal single mode fibers embedded in a shallow part of the ground and DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instruments near a well head, and carrying out inverse calculation on the three-dimensional space position of the microseism event generated during the perforation operation by utilizing the travel time difference of longitudinal waves and transverse waves of the perforation microseism event or the signals and combining the preliminary longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity distribution of the underground stratum calibrated, adjusted and updated in the step (g); if the position of the micro-seismic event generated by the inverted perforation is inconsistent with the perforation position, adjusting the velocity fields of longitudinal waves and transverse waves of the underground stratum until the position of the micro-seismic event generated by the inverted perforation and the perforation position are in an allowable error range; the three-dimensional longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity body after repeated adjustment is the velocity field of the underground stratum for positioning the micro-seismic event by hydraulic fracturing;
(i) during hydraulic fracturing operation, the system can carry out hydraulic fracturing microseism monitoring by combining an armored optical cable permanently arranged outside a metal sleeve with a ground horizontal single-mode optical fiber arranged on a shallow part of the ground, namely, the system utilizes the single-mode optical fiber arranged underground, the ground horizontal single-mode optical fiber embedded in the shallow part of the ground and the hydraulic fracturing operation continuously recorded by a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument near a well head to lead the microseism event generated when the underground stratum of a side well or the same well is broken or the travel time difference of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave of a signal, combines the velocity distribution of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave of the underground stratum obtained in the step (h), and carries out inverse calculation on the occurrence time, the three-dimensional space position and the energy size of the microseism event generated when the underground stratum is broken;
(j) according to the occurrence time, the three-dimensional space position and the energy of the micro-seismic events generated when the underground stratum is broken, which are monitored in real time in the hydraulic fracturing operation process, the dynamic distribution and the change of all the generated micro-seismic events at the three-dimensional space position are observed, various parameters in the hydraulic fracturing operation are optimized and adjusted in real time, and the situation that the hydraulic fracturing operation activates small faults in the stratum or the reservoir stratum needing to be modified is pressed through due to overlarge pressure so that the reservoir stratum is submerged by water logging of the upper stratum and the lower stratum is avoided;
(k) during the hydraulic fracturing, monitoring the underground temperature change by using a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument near a wellhead and an underground outer sleeve multi-mode optical fiber; the migration process and the state of the fracturing fluid can be reflected by the change of the temperature of the whole well section; the temperature change around the perforation layer can analyze and judge the amount of fracturing fluid entering the stratum and the flow-back speed of the fracturing fluid; the lower the temperature can be reflected from the DTS data, the larger the liquid production quantity or gas production quantity at the position is represented;
(l) After the hydraulic fracturing is finished, performing three-dimensional momentum inversion according to the recorded longitudinal wave and transverse wave signal characteristics of the micro-seismic event generated when the underground stratum is fractured due to the hydraulic fracturing operation, obtaining the fracture mechanism of most micro-seismic events, and analyzing the distribution characteristics and the rules of the post-tensioned fracture and the shearing property and the composite fracture after the hydraulic fracturing modification; calculating the total modified volume SRV generated by hydraulic pressure operation by utilizing the envelopes of all the microseism events monitored in real time in the three-dimensional space distribution range; performing fracture seismic imaging based on a seismic source mechanism according to distribution characteristics and rules of the tensile fracture and the shearing property and the composite fracture and distribution range of all micro-seismic events in a three-dimensional space, and generating a hydraulic fracture discrete network model FMDFN; finally, the obtained distribution characteristics and rules of the tensile fracture and the shearing property and the composite fracture, the total modified volume SRV and the fracture discrete network model FMDFN are integrated, and effective and reliable qualitative and quantitative evaluation is carried out on the reservoir hydraulic fracturing modification effect of the horizontal well;
(m) after the horizontal well after hydraulic fracturing reservoir reformation is put into oil and gas production, the noise and temperature data of each perforation point position can be continuously measured in real time by using an armored optical cable permanently embedded behind a metal sleeve and a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument connected with the armored optical cable near a well head, and the flow rate and the change of the oil, gas and water or the liquid production profile of each underground oil and gas production well section, or the injection amount and the change of the water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section or the water absorption profile of each underground water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section are calculated by using a multi-parameter comprehensive inversion method, so that the long-term dynamic monitoring of the development and production process of the oil and gas well and the change of the liquid production of the oil and gas well is realized.
The utility model discloses a reservoir transformation that hydraulic fracturing goes on realizes real-time supervision, the accurate evaluation of transformation effect, real-time adjustment optimization fracturing construction parameter, perfect development scheme, scientific management and the enhanced recovery ratio provides indispensable means, system and method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the monitoring system structure and the underground layout schematic diagram of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a drilling platform for drilling a plurality of horizontal branch wells at one well head according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a monitoring system configuration and downhole deployment of an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a monitoring system and a downhole cable configuration according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. They are not to be construed as limiting the invention, by way of example only, and the advantages thereof will become more apparent and readily appreciated by reference to the following description.
The utility model discloses a many branches horizontal well fracturing microseism monitoring system's embodiment based on distributed optical fiber sensing, as shown in FIG. 1:
the optical fiber cable comprises a metal sleeve 1, wherein an armored optical cable 2 is fixed on the outer side of the metal sleeve 1, a high-temperature-resistant high-sensitivity single-mode fiber 10 outside the sleeve and a multi-mode fiber 11 outside the sleeve are arranged in the armored optical cable 2, a high-sensitivity ground horizontal single-mode fiber 9 is horizontally embedded at the shallow part of a projection line on the ground along the track of a horizontal well, and the optical fiber cable further comprises a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 placed near a wellhead.
As shown in fig. 2, when a plurality of horizontal branch wells are drilled in a wellhead of a horizontal well drilling platform, only the metal casing 1 of the horizontal well in the middle needs to be provided with the armored optical cable 2, and the hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic events of other horizontal branch wells 5 and 6 on the left side and the right side of the well are monitored by side wells or adjacent wells in combination with the ground horizontal single-mode optical fiber 9 buried in the shallow part of the ground, and meanwhile, the hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring of the same well is also performed on the well. After the horizontal multilateral well is put into oil and gas production, the noise and temperature change of an oil and gas production well section are continuously measured in real time by using the single-mode optical fiber 10 outside the sleeve and the multi-mode optical fiber 11 outside the sleeve, the produced fluid profile data is provided, the dynamic change of the oil, gas and water yield of each perforation section is monitored in real time, the production scheme is optimized and developed, and the oil and gas recovery ratio is improved.
Fig. 3 is the utility model discloses a single-port horizontal well hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring system structure based on distributed optical fiber sensing and lay the sketch map in the pit. In this case, the hydraulic fracture microseismic monitoring (same-well monitoring) can be carried out on the well itself only by combining the ground horizontal single mode fiber 9 buried in the shallow part of the ground. After the horizontal multilateral well is put into oil and gas production, the noise and temperature change of an oil and gas production well section are continuously measured in real time by using the single-mode optical fiber 10 outside the sleeve and the multi-mode optical fiber 11 outside the sleeve, the produced fluid profile data is provided, the dynamic change of the oil, gas and water yield of each perforation section 8 is monitored in real time, the production scheme is optimized and developed, and the oil and gas recovery ratio is improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the signal input end of the surface DAS/DTS composite modem apparatus 5 and the structure of the armored cable 2 in the well. The tail end of the single mode fiber 10 outside the sleeve in the armored optical cable 2 is provided with the deluster 3, so that an input laser signal reflected from the tail end of the single mode fiber 10 outside the sleeve is eliminated; meanwhile, two multi-mode optical fibers 11 outside the sleeve in the armored optical cable 2 are welded at the bottom of the well to form a U-shaped structure. The single mode fiber 10 outside the casing of the wellhead and the ground horizontal single mode fiber 9 horizontally embedded at the shallow part of the ground are respectively connected to the DAS signal port of the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5, and the two multi-mode fibers 11 outside the casing of the wellhead are connected to the DTS double-end signal port of the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5.
The single-mode optical fiber 10 outside the sleeve, the multi-mode optical fiber 11 outside the sleeve or the special optical fiber is encapsulated by at least one layer of continuous metal tubule.
The horizontal well microseism monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing further comprises an annular metal clip 4, wherein the annular metal clip 4 is fixedly installed at the boot part of the metal sleeve 1 to protect and fix the armored optical cable 2.
The monitoring method of the horizontal well microseism monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing comprises the following steps:
(a) synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve 1 and the armored optical cable 2 into a drilled well hole;
(b) the annular metal clip 4 is arranged at the junction of the two metal sleeves 1 at the wellhead to fix and protect the armored optical cable 2 from moving and/or being damaged in the process of casing running;
(c) pumping cement slurry from the well bottom by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the well bottom along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing 1 and the drilled hole, and permanently fixing the metal casing 1, the armored optical cable 2 and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(d) connecting a single mode fiber 10 outside a sleeve and a multi-mode fiber 11 outside the sleeve in the armored optical cable 2 to DAS and DTS signal input ends of a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 at a wellhead respectively; a ground horizontal single mode optical fiber 9 horizontally buried in an underground shallow part is connected to a DAS signal input end of a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5.
(e) The acoustic source transmitter arranged in the underground perforating gun is used for continuously transmitting acoustic source signals in the metal sleeve 2, and the armored optical cable 2 arranged outside the metal sleeve 1 of the whole well section is oriented and positioned according to the acoustic source signals transmitted by the underground acoustic source transmitter detected by the armored optical cable 2 and the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 on the ground.
(f) And adjusting the position and the perforation position 8 of a perforating bullet in the perforating gun according to the measured position and the measured position of the armored optical cable 2 arranged outside the metal casing 1 of the whole well section, and preventing the armored optical cable 2 arranged outside the metal casing 1 from being broken during perforation through directional perforation operation.
(g) Collecting three-dimensional ground seismic data of a region around a horizontal well, performing necessary preprocessing, then obtaining velocity data bodies of longitudinal waves and transverse waves of the three-dimensional ground seismic by using a Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) technology, and finally calibrating, adjusting and updating the velocity data bodies of the longitudinal waves and the transverse waves of the three-dimensional ground seismic obtained by the Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) by using acoustic logging velocity data and VSP velocity data to obtain a primary seismic longitudinal wave velocity field and a primary seismic transverse wave velocity field of a stratum around the horizontal well.
(h) Sequentially carrying out directional perforation operation on the metal casing 1 at a pre-designed position in the underground, simultaneously recording microseism signals generated in the directional perforation operation by utilizing the casing outer single-mode optical fiber 10 arranged in the underground, the ground horizontal single-mode optical fiber 9 horizontally embedded in a shallow part of the ground and the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 near a wellhead, and carrying out inverse calculation on the three-dimensional space position of the microseism event generated in the perforation operation by utilizing the travel time difference of longitudinal waves and transverse waves of the perforation microseism event (signal) and combining with the preliminary longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity distribution of the underground stratum calibrated, adjusted and updated in the step (g). If the position of the micro-seismic event generated by the inverted perforation is not consistent with the perforation position 8, the velocity fields of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave of the underground stratum are adjusted until the position of the micro-seismic event generated by the inverted perforation is within the allowable error range with the perforation position 8. The three-dimensional longitudinal and transverse wave data volume after repeated adjustment is the velocity field of the underground stratum finally used for positioning the hydraulic fracturing microseismic event.
(i) During hydraulic fracturing operation, the system can perform hydraulic fracturing microseism monitoring by combining an armored optical cable 2 permanently arranged outside a metal sleeve 1 and a ground horizontal single-mode optical fiber 9 horizontally embedded at a shallow part of the ground, namely, the travel time difference of longitudinal waves and transverse waves of microseism events (signals) generated when the underground stratum of a side well 5 or 6 or the same well is broken is combined with the longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity distribution of the underground stratum obtained in the step (h) by utilizing the single-mode optical fiber 10 and the ground horizontal single-mode optical fiber 9 arranged underground and the hydraulic fracturing operation continuously recorded by a DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 near the well head, and the occurrence time, the three-dimensional space position and the energy size of the microseism events generated when the underground stratum is broken are inversely calculated.
(j) According to the occurrence time, the three-dimensional space position and the energy of the micro-seismic events generated when the underground stratum is broken, which are monitored in real time in the hydraulic fracturing operation process, the dynamic distribution and the change of all the generated micro-seismic events at the three-dimensional space position are observed, various parameters in the hydraulic fracturing operation are optimized and adjusted in real time, and the situation that the hydraulic fracturing operation activates small faults in the stratum or the reservoir stratum needing to be modified is pressed through due to overlarge pressure so that the reservoir stratum is submerged by water logging of the upper stratum and the lower stratum is avoided.
(k) And during hydraulic fracturing, monitoring the downhole temperature change by using the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 near the wellhead and the downhole outer sleeve multimode optical fiber 11. The migration process and the state of the fracturing fluid can be reflected by the change of the temperature of the whole well section; the temperature change around the perforation interval can analyze and judge the amount of the fracturing fluid entering the stratum and the flow-back speed of the fracturing fluid. From the DTS data, it is also reflected that a lower temperature is indicative of a greater amount of liquid or gas production there.
(l) After the hydraulic fracturing is finished, performing three-dimensional momentum inversion according to the recorded longitudinal wave and transverse wave signal characteristics of the micro-seismic event generated when the underground stratum is fractured due to the hydraulic fracturing operation, obtaining the fracture mechanism of most micro-seismic events, and analyzing the distribution characteristics and the rules of the post-tensioned fracture and the shearing property and the composite fracture after the hydraulic fracturing modification; calculating the total modified volume SRV generated by hydraulic pressure operation by utilizing the envelopes of all the microseism events monitored in real time in the three-dimensional space distribution range; and performing Fracture Seismic Imaging (Fracture Seismic Imaging) based on a Seismic source mechanism according to the distribution characteristics and rules of the tensile Fracture and the shearing property and the composite Fracture and the distribution range of all micro-Seismic events in a three-dimensional space, and generating a hydraulic Fracture discrete network FMDFN model. And finally, integrating the obtained distribution characteristics and rules of the tensile fracture and the shearing property and the composite fracture, the total modified volume SRV and the fracture discrete network model FMDFN, and effectively and reliably qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the reservoir hydraulic fracturing modification effect of the horizontal well.
(m) after the horizontal well after hydraulic fracturing reservoir reformation is put into oil and gas production, the armored optical cable 2 permanently embedded outside the casing and the DAS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 5 connected with the armored optical cable near the well head can be used for continuously measuring the noise and temperature data of each perforation point in real time, and the flow rate and the change of the oil, gas and water or the liquid production profile of each oil and gas production well section in the well or the injection amount and the change of the water absorption profile of each water injection or steam injection or carbon dioxide injection or polymer injection well section in the well can be calculated by a multi-parameter comprehensive inversion method, so that the long-term dynamic monitoring of the development and production process of the oil and gas well and the change of the well liquid production can be realized.
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| CN112780256A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-11 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Horizontal well microseism monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
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