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CN214133987U - Powder paving device and printing equipment for 3d printing of large-size electron beams - Google Patents

Powder paving device and printing equipment for 3d printing of large-size electron beams Download PDF

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Publication number
CN214133987U
CN214133987U CN202022174742.XU CN202022174742U CN214133987U CN 214133987 U CN214133987 U CN 214133987U CN 202022174742 U CN202022174742 U CN 202022174742U CN 214133987 U CN214133987 U CN 214133987U
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powder
scraping
plate
printing
scraper
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王志翔
卢秉恒
王红宇
贾志浩
盛晓东
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National Institute Corp of Additive Manufacturing Xian
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National Institute Corp of Additive Manufacturing Xian
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Abstract

The utility model provides a powder paving device and printing apparatus that jumbo size electron beam 3d printed solves current powder paving device and has the problem that inefficiency, powder overflow, structure are complicated, occupation space is great and the formed part porosity is higher. The powder spreading device comprises a powder dropping box and a powder scraping assembly, wherein the powder scraping assembly is arranged at the bottom of the powder dropping box; a plurality of powder falling cavities which are distributed along the X direction are arranged in the powder falling box, and a plurality of scattering plates are arranged in the powder falling cavities and used for scattering powder falling into the powder falling cavities; the top of the powder dropping box is provided with a plurality of powder inlets communicated with the powder dropping cavity, and the bottom of the powder dropping box is provided with a plurality of powder outlets communicated with the powder dropping cavity; the powder scraping component comprises a soft scraping plate, a hard scraping plate and a compacting plate, and the powder outlet, the soft scraping plate, the hard scraping plate and the compacting plate are sequentially arranged along the Y direction; the soft scraper is of a comb-tooth-shaped structure; the powder scraping end face of the hard scraper is equal to the powder scraping end face of the soft scraper in the Z direction; the powder-scraping end face of the hard scraper is lower than the powder-scraping end face of the compaction plate in the Z direction.

Description

Powder paving device and printing equipment for 3d printing of large-size electron beams
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the vibration material disk field, concretely relates to shop's powder device and printing apparatus that jumbo size electron beam 3d printed, should spread the powder device and be used for with the high-efficient even laying of metal powder on the powder bed and compaction, for the follow-up printing is prepared.
Background
Electron Beam Selective Melting (EBSM) metal additive manufacturing techniques use an electron beam as an energy source to manufacture solid parts by melting metal powder layer by layer in a high vacuum environment. Because the power of the electron beam is high, and the material has high energy absorption rate to the electron beam, the finished piece has the characteristics of high density, low oxygen content, low thermal stress, difficult deformation and cracking, high printing efficiency, high material utilization rate and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, aerospace and the like.
The process of Electron Beam Selective Melting (EBSM) metal additive manufacturing comprises the following steps: firstly, spreading a layer of powder on the surface of a powder bed, and preheating and insulating the powder by an electron beam to meet the requirements of printing process parameters; secondly, selectively melting the electron beams under the control of a computer according to the cross section profile information, melting the metal powder under the bombardment of the electron beams, and bonding the metal powder with the formed part below to realize layer-by-layer accumulation until the whole part is completely melted; and finally, removing redundant powder to obtain the required three-dimensional product. In the 3D metal printing process, the density of the powder and whether the powder is spread flatly directly determine the density, strength, precision and quality of a formed part, so that the problem of improving the density of the powder is an urgent need to be solved.
The existing EBSM powder laying has two modes of parallel and spiral. The parallel powder laying mode is that a forming cylinder and a powder feeding cylinder are arranged in parallel, the forming cylinder descends a layer of sintering layer thickness, the powder feeding cylinder ascends to provide a certain amount of powder, a powder laying roller lays the powder on the forming cylinder, sintering or melting is started, after the cross section of the layer is completely sintered, the forming cylinder descends a layer of sintering thickness again, then powder is supplied and laid, the process is repeated in a circulating mode, and finally additive manufacturing of parts is completed. The spiral powder spreading and scraping mode is as shown in fig. 1, the liftable powder spreading and scraping device is arranged at the radius position of the circular forming cylinder, and works together with a fixed printing area (a laser is arranged on the powder spreading device 3, is fixed relative to the powder spreading device and can lift together with the powder spreading device) and a rotary circular powder bed to form continuous and uninterrupted powder spreading and printing.
The powder mode homoenergetic is scraped to two kinds of shop above can realize effectual shop's powder and scrape the powder, however, all has following problem: 1) the powder spreading mode is low in efficiency by adopting a roller powder spreading mode or a scraper powder scraping mode; 2) when the powder spreading roller spreads the powder into the forming cylinder, a large amount of powder is accumulated at the front end of the powder spreading roller, and when the accumulation amount is large, the powder overflows to the rear of the powder spreading roller, so that the powder which is spread is damaged, and the resistance is increased; 3) when the powder is scraped by the scraper, because the paved powder is not compacted, the density of the powder is reduced, so that the density of a formed part is reduced, and the porosity is improved; 4) the existing spiral powder laying mechanism needs to move up and down, and is complex and large in occupied space.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at solving the problems that the existing powder spreading device has low efficiency, powder overflows, the structure is complex, the occupied space is large and the porosity of the formed part is high, thereby providing a powder spreading device and a printing device for 3d printing of a large-size electron beam.
For solving the above problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts is:
a powder spreading device for large-size electron beam 3d printing comprises a powder dropping box and powder scraping assemblies, wherein the powder scraping assemblies are multiple groups and are arranged at the bottom of the powder dropping box; setting the length direction of the powder dropping box as the X direction, the width direction as the Y direction and the height direction as the Z direction; a plurality of powder falling cavities which are distributed along the X direction are arranged in the powder falling box, and a plurality of scattering plates are arranged in the powder falling cavities and used for scattering powder falling into the powder falling cavities; the top of the powder dropping box is provided with a plurality of powder inlets communicated with the powder dropping cavity, and the bottom of the powder dropping box is provided with a plurality of powder outlets communicated with the powder dropping cavity; the powder scraping component comprises a soft scraping plate, a hard scraping plate and a compacting plate, and the powder outlet, the soft scraping plate, the hard scraping plate and the compacting plate are sequentially arranged along the Y direction; the soft scraping plate is of a comb-tooth-shaped structure and comprises a plurality of scraping strips arranged along the X direction; the powder scraping end face of the hard scraper is equal to the powder scraping end face of the soft scraper in the Z direction; the powder-scraping end face of the hard scraper is lower than the powder-scraping end face of the hard scraper in the Z direction.
Further, the scattering plates are arranged on a front side plate and a rear side plate of the powder falling box, which are opposite to each other along the Y direction, and the scattering plates arranged on the front side plate and the scattering plates arranged on the rear side plate are arranged in a staggered mode in the X direction and the Z direction.
Furthermore, the scattering plate is a triangular flat plate, and the inclined side edge of the triangular flat plate is used for scattering the powder falling into the powder falling cavity.
Furthermore, the powder pressing end face of the compacting plate is an arc-shaped face.
Furthermore, a plurality of partition plates are arranged between the hard scraping plate and the compacting plate.
Furthermore, the thickness of the soft scraper is 0.1mm, the width of the comb teeth is 0.85mm, and the distance between the comb teeth is 0.15 mm.
Further, the soft scraper blade, the hard scraper blade and the compacting plate are all installed at the bottom of the powder dropping box through bolts.
Meanwhile, the utility model provides a large-size electron beam 3d printing device, which comprises a printing chamber, a workbench and the powder spreading device; the workbench unit is arranged in the printing chamber and comprises a workbench and a workbench supporting and driving assembly; the worktable supporting and driving component can drive the worktable to rotate in the plane where the worktable surface is located, namely an XY plane, and can move along the Z direction; the powder paving devices are divided into two groups and are respectively arranged on the workbench along the X direction.
Further, a preheating electric furnace is arranged in the workbench and used for preheating the powder.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses technical scheme's beneficial effect is:
1. the powder spreading device of the utility model is provided with the soft scraper blade, the hard scraper blade and the compacting plate at the powder outlet in sequence, the powder spreading quality is ensured by the powder scraping and compacting mode, the compacting effect is good, and the quality of a formed part is increased; meanwhile, the powder spreading device can work in cooperation with a rotary workbench, continuous spreading, scraping and compacting of powder are achieved, and working efficiency is improved.
2. The utility model discloses set up soft scraper blade before the hard scraper blade of shop's powder device, soft scraper blade pushes away the powder in advance evenly to alleviateed the atress of hard scraper blade, soft scraper blade will be unnecessary the powder and pushed away rotatory powder bedside, release the powder bed at last, avoided the problem that the powder can spill over.
3. The utility model discloses be provided with the board of breaing up in the shop's powder device for the powder that will fall into the powder intracavity is broken up, thereby realizes the even powder that falls.
4. The utility model discloses spread the powder device and need not elevating gear, also need not to set up and send devices such as powder jar, powder recovery jar, saved real empty room space, can realize processing through less real empty room. Meanwhile, the powder paving device is small in weight and size, manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, and installation, adjustment, replacement and improvement are facilitated.
5. The utility model discloses be provided with in printing apparatus's the workstation and preheat the electric stove, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the shaping precision, preheat the electric stove and preheat the powder, make the powder of having laid the compaction reduce mobility, produce when avoiding printing and blow powder, powder reunion phenomenon.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a conventional electron beam metal additive manufacturing apparatus;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder spreading device for large-size electron beam 3d printing according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the soft scraper of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the powder pressing end face of the compacting plate of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-size electron beam 3d printing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the installation of the powder spreading device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the position relationship between the work bench and the powder spreading device of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the worktable and the scanning area according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-powder dropping box, 2-powder scraping component, 3-powder spreading device, 4-printing chamber, 5-workbench, 6-electron gun, 7-workpiece, 8-follow-up powder cylinder, 11-powder dropping cavity, 12-scattering plate, 13-powder inlet, 14-powder outlet, 21-soft scraper, 22-hard scraper, 23-compacting plate, 24-separating plate, 211-scraping strip, 212-powder scraping end face and 231-powder compacting end face.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following specific drawings and examples.
The utility model provides a powder paving device that jumbo size electron beam 3d printed and contain this 3d printing apparatus who spreads the powder device. The powder spreading device is matched with the rotary workbench to work, and continuous and uninterrupted powder spreading work can be realized, so that efficient printing of large-size complex parts is realized. Meanwhile, the device has compact structure and small occupied space, reduces the space of the printing chamber, and saves the equipment cost and the vacuumizing time.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the powder spreading device for large-size electron beam 3d printing provided by the present invention includes a powder dropping box 1 and powder scraping assemblies 2, wherein the powder scraping assemblies 2 are multiple groups and are all fixed at the bottom of the powder dropping box 1 through bolts; setting the length direction of the powder dropping box 1 as the X direction, the width direction as the Y direction and the height direction as the Z direction; a plurality of powder falling cavities 11 arranged along the X direction are arranged in the powder falling box 1, and a plurality of scattering plates 12 are arranged in each powder falling cavity 11 and are used for scattering powder falling into the powder falling cavities 11; the top of the powder dropping box 1 is provided with a plurality of powder inlets 13 communicated with the powder dropping cavity 11, and the bottom is provided with powder outlets 14 communicated with the powder dropping cavity 11 and arranged in a row along the x direction; each powder inlet 13 is communicated with an outlet of a precise powder feeding device (arranged above the device and outside the forming chamber) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so as to receive metal powder fed by the precise powder feeding device, and the precise amount of metal powder falls from the powder inlet 13, is uniformly dispersed by the impact of each scattering plate 12, and then uniformly falls out of the powder outlet onto a powder bed of the annular workbench 5.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, break up board 12 and set up on the relative preceding curb plate of powder box 1 edge Y direction and posterior lateral plate that fall, and set up a plurality of boards 12 of breaking up on the preceding curb plate and set up a plurality of boards 12 of breaking up on the posterior lateral plate and all stagger at X direction and Z direction and arrange to realize no dead angle to break up to the powder that falls into, make metal powder scatter evenly. The scattering plate 12 may be a triangular plate, and the inclined side of the triangular plate is used to scatter the powder falling into the powder falling chamber 11.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the powder scraping assembly 2 of the present invention includes a soft scraping plate 21, a hard scraping plate 22 and a compacting plate 23, and the powder outlet 14, the soft scraping plate 21, the hard scraping plate 22 and the compacting plate 23 are sequentially arranged along the Y direction; the soft scraper 21 is of a comb-tooth-shaped structure and comprises a plurality of scraping strips 211 arranged along the X direction; the powder scraping end face of the hard scraper 22 is equal to the powder scraping end face 212 of the soft scraper 21 in height in the Z-axis direction; the compacting plate 23 has a compacting end surface 231 lower than the scraping end surface of the hard scraper 22 in the Z-axis direction, i.e., the lowest points of the soft scraper 21 and the hard scraper 22 are at the same height, and the difference between the heights of the hard scraper 22 and the lowest point of the compacting plate 23 is the compacting amount of the powder. A plurality of partition plates 24 are further provided between the hard blade 22 and the compacting plate 23 so that the soft blade 21, the hard blade 22, and the compacting plate 23 are parallel to and spaced apart from each other.
As shown in figure 4, the structure of the soft scraper 21 is similar to a plate type comb, the plate thickness is 0.1mm, the width of the comb teeth is 0.85mm, the space between the comb teeth is 0.15mm, the soft scraper 21 has the function of pushing powder uniformly in advance, when the powder resistance is large, individual comb teeth can be bent to release pressure, then rebound to the original state, and the soft scraper 21 can not be damaged. After the soft scraper 21 is pre-scraped, the stress of the hard scraper 22 is relatively reduced, and the hard scraper 22 is used for pushing the powder evenly. The compacting plate 23 only plays a role in compacting powder on the x axis (i.e., on the radius of the circular ring) and does not play a role in pushing the powder, the powder compacting end surface 231 of the compacting plate 23 can be set to be an arc-shaped surface, and the arc-shaped surface is designed to have a certain pressing angle and the pressing angle is in smooth transition. The size of the arc-shaped surface is ensured, and the fixing difference between the highest point and the lowest point is larger than the diameter of the powder particles, so that the particles are not scraped.
The utility model discloses spread powder device 3's soft scraper blade 21, hard scraper blade 22 and swivel work head 5's radius parallel and have certain distance t, should make the powder effectively evenly spread on swivel work head 5's powder bed apart from, soft scraper blade 21 pushes away the powder in advance, has reduced hard scraper blade 22's atress, and soft scraper blade 21 pushes away unnecessary powder to swivel powder bed limit, releases the powder bed at last, and compacting plate 23 has radial side pressure effect to the powder, makes the density of powder higher.
The utility model discloses the high position of shop's powder device 3 in real empty room is fixed, need not elevating gear, and its relative position with swivel work head 5 is decided by workstation 5's rotation, lift, and simultaneously, this shop's powder device 3 simple structure need not to send powder jar, powder recovery jar (because the front road send the powder process to send the powder accurate, does not basically have unnecessary powder to retrieve), has saved real empty room space.
As shown in fig. 7, the large-size electron beam 3d printing apparatus provided by the present invention comprises a printing chamber 4, an electron gun 6, a worktable 5 and the powder spreading device 3; the electron gun 6 is arranged outside the printing chamber 4 and used for providing electron beams for printing, and the workbench 5 unit is arranged in the printing chamber 4 and comprises a workbench 5 and a workbench supporting and driving assembly; the worktable support driving component can drive the worktable 5 to rotate in the plane of the worktable 5 table surface and can move along the Z direction. The powder paving devices 3 are two groups and are respectively arranged on the workbench 5 along the X direction, so that double-helix powder paving is realized. The two groups of powder spreading devices 3 are arranged above the rotary worktable 5 and are respectively arranged on two radiuses of one diameter (on an x axis) of the annular worktable 5 and are symmetrical with the circle center. Compacting plate 23 is located the X axle, and soft scraper blade 21 has certain distance t (this distance is relevant with the powder region of spreading that workstation rotation rate and every powder point are responsible for down, the embodiment of the utility model provides an in 40mm), can make soft scraper blade 21 not follow the circumference tangential to the positive thrust of powder apart from t, have along radial outside component, evenly play a certain effect to the powder is spread in local sector. Similarly, hard scraper 22 also has certain distance (this distance is relevant with the powder region of spreading that workstation rotation speed and every powder point are responsible for down, 36mm in the embodiment of the utility model), and the distance can make hard scraper 22 not follow the circumference tangential to the positive thrust of powder, has along radial outside weight, spreads evenly to play certain effect to the powder in local sector.
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, the printing area (also called as the electron beam scanning area) of the large-size electron beam 3d printing apparatus of the present invention has two positions, which are respectively located on two radii of the y-axis of the annular table 5 and symmetrically arranged along the x-axis. In fig. 8, a plane a is a printing horizontal plane, and a plane B is a table surface of the table 5. The lower surface (surface B) of the follow-up powder cylinder 8 is seated on the surface of the worktable 5. The workbench 5 can move up and down along the guide rail on the upright post of the sliding table through a screw rod mechanism, and the lower part of the sliding table is connected with an electric horizontal moving mechanism which can move the sliding table horizontally. The ring table 5 can rotate around the center of the ring through an electric rotating device. The preheating electric furnace is arranged in the workbench 5 and can preheat powder, so that the flowability of the paved and compacted powder is reduced, and the powder blowing phenomenon during printing is avoided. The soft scraper 21, the hard scraper 22 and the compacting plate 23 are sequentially arranged on the side surface of the powder outlet 14 and descend along with the rotation of the workbench 5, so that the powder on the upper surface of the powder cylinder 8 is continuously and spirally spread and compacted.
The utility model provides a jumbo size electron beam 3d printing apparatus's concrete working process as follows:
1) the equipment returns to zero, an automatic powder feeding device, a rotary workbench 5 and an electric furnace in the workbench 5 are started simultaneously, the automatic powder feeding device quantitatively feeds powder to a powder spreading device 3 (positioned on an x axis), and the powder spreading device 3 drops the powder to the workbench 5 and uniformly spreads and compacts the powder; opening a high-power electronic gun 6 (the maximum power reaches 3KW), melting powder in the cross section of the model under scanning according to a scanning path input by a computer, solidifying and depositing the powder to form a part cross section and simultaneously forming a follow-up powder cylinder 8 cross section;
2) when the workbench 5 rotates for a circle from the 0 position, the workbench 5 is lowered by one layer thickness under the action of the electric lifting mechanism;
3) performing second-layer spiral powder laying printing;
4) and (3) repeating the steps 1), 2) and 3) until the workpiece 7 and the follow-up powder cylinder 8 are completed, and adjusting the height difference of the soft scraper 21, the hard scraper 22 and the compacting plate 23 according to different kinds of powder in actual operation.

Claims (9)

1. A powder paving device for 3d printing of large-size electron beams is characterized in that: the powder scraping device comprises a powder dropping box (1) and a plurality of groups of powder scraping assemblies (2), wherein the powder scraping assemblies (2) are all arranged at the bottom of the powder dropping box (1); setting the length direction of the powder dropping box (1) as the X direction, the width direction as the Y direction and the height direction as the Z direction;
a plurality of powder falling cavities (11) which are arranged along the X direction are arranged in the powder falling box (1), and a plurality of scattering plates (12) are arranged in the powder falling cavities (11) and are used for scattering powder falling into the powder falling cavities (11); the top of the powder dropping box (1) is provided with a plurality of powder inlets (13) communicated with the powder dropping cavity (11), and the bottom of the powder dropping box is provided with a plurality of powder outlets (14) communicated with the powder dropping cavity (11);
the powder scraping component (2) comprises a soft scraping plate (21), a hard scraping plate (22) and a compacting plate (23), and the powder outlet (14), the soft scraping plate (21), the hard scraping plate (22) and the compacting plate (23) are sequentially arranged along the Y direction;
the soft scraper (21) is of a comb-tooth-shaped structure and comprises a plurality of scraping strips (211) arranged along the X direction;
the powder scraping end face of the hard scraper (22) and the powder scraping end face (212) of the soft scraper (21) are equal in height in the Z direction;
the powder-pressing end face (231) of the compacting plate (23) is lower than the powder-scraping end face of the hard scraper (22) in the Z direction.
2. A powdering device for large-size electron beam 3d printing according to claim 1, characterised in that: the scattering plates (12) are arranged on a front side plate and a rear side plate which are opposite to each other along the Y direction of the powder falling box (1), and a plurality of scattering plates (12) arranged on the front side plate and a plurality of scattering plates (12) arranged on the rear side plate are arranged in a staggered mode in the X direction and the Z direction.
3. A powder spreading device for large-size electron beam 3d printing according to claim 2, wherein: the scattering plate (12) is a triangular flat plate, and the inclined side edge of the triangular flat plate is used for scattering powder falling into the powder falling cavity (11).
4. A powdering device for large-size electron beam 3d printing according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that: the powder pressing end face (231) of the compacting plate (23) is an arc-shaped face.
5. A powder spreading device for large-size electron beam 3d printing according to claim 4, wherein: and a plurality of partition plates (24) are also arranged between the hard scraper (22) and the compacting plate (23).
6. A powder spreading device for large-size electron beam 3d printing according to claim 5, wherein: the thickness of the soft scraper (21) is 0.1mm, the width of the comb teeth is 0.85mm, and the distance between the comb teeth is 0.15 mm.
7. A powder spreading device for large-size electron beam 3d printing according to claim 6, wherein: the soft scraper (21), the hard scraper (22) and the compacting plate (23) are all installed at the bottom of the powder dropping box (1) through bolts.
8. A large-size electron beam 3d printing apparatus, characterized by: comprising a printing chamber (4), a work table (5), a powder-laying device (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
the workbench (5) unit is arranged in the printing chamber (4) and comprises a workbench (5) and a workbench supporting and driving assembly; the workbench supporting and driving assembly can drive the workbench (5) to rotate in a plane where a workbench surface is located, namely an XY plane, and can move along the Z direction; the powder paving devices (3) are two groups and are respectively arranged on the workbench (5) along the X direction.
9. The large-size electron beam 3d printing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: a preheating electric furnace is arranged in the workbench (5) and used for preheating powder.
CN202022174742.XU 2020-09-28 2020-09-28 Powder paving device and printing equipment for 3d printing of large-size electron beams Active CN214133987U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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CN202022174742.XU CN214133987U (en) 2020-09-28 2020-09-28 Powder paving device and printing equipment for 3d printing of large-size electron beams

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202022174742.XU CN214133987U (en) 2020-09-28 2020-09-28 Powder paving device and printing equipment for 3d printing of large-size electron beams

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118357474A (en) * 2024-06-19 2024-07-19 成都大学 Forming device for processing parts by using metal powder

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118357474A (en) * 2024-06-19 2024-07-19 成都大学 Forming device for processing parts by using metal powder
CN118357474B (en) * 2024-06-19 2024-08-16 成都大学 A forming device for processing parts using metal powder

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