CN214126559U - A wild domestication system for marine fish breeding and releasing seedlings - Google Patents
A wild domestication system for marine fish breeding and releasing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN214126559U CN214126559U CN202023263880.1U CN202023263880U CN214126559U CN 214126559 U CN214126559 U CN 214126559U CN 202023263880 U CN202023263880 U CN 202023263880U CN 214126559 U CN214126559 U CN 214126559U
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种海水鱼类增殖放流苗种野性驯化系统，属于海洋生物资源养护技术领域，所述驯化系统包括驯化场、光源、造流泵、人工鱼礁和摄像系统。使用本发明系统用于驯化放流苗种的摄食和逃避捕食的能力，增强人工繁殖的增殖放流苗种适应海洋自然环境的能力，提高放流苗种的存活率，进而提升海水鱼类放流的增殖效果。
The invention provides a wild domestication system for seawater fish breeding and releasing seedlings, belonging to the technical field of marine biological resources conservation. The system of the invention is used for domesticating the feeding and evading ability of the released seedlings, enhancing the ability of the artificially propagated proliferating and releasing seedlings to adapt to the marine natural environment, improving the survival rate of the released seedlings, and further improving the proliferation effect of the marine fish release. .
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine organism resource maintenance, and particularly relates to a wild domestication system for seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings.
Background
The ocean is used as a blue granary for producing high-quality protein for human, the treasure of high-quality development of human is stored, and the marine biological resources concern the grain supply and safety guarantee of the development of human society. Among them, marine fishes are the main group of marine biological resources. In recent years, the natural resources of marine fishes are gradually declining along with climate change, environmental deterioration and over-fishing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop scientific conservation of marine biological resources. Since 2006, China develops nationwide aquatic organism proliferation and release activities, wherein tens of millions of fishes are released every year, and scientific maintenance and sustainable output of offshore fishery resources are strongly supported.
At present, fish fries internationally used for propagation and releasing are obtained by artificial breeding, and in order to effectively improve the survival rate and manually control the most ideal fry breeding environmental conditions, such as stable water flow, sufficient bait supply, no hunter and the like. The seedlings which are proliferated and released to enter the ocean are confronted with uncertain and variable ocean environments, and need to deal with the untimely turbulence at any time, meanwhile, the predation capacity needs to be enhanced to deal with the problem of unstable bait acquisition, and the capacity of avoiding the predation danger needs to be exercised. Therefore, if the artificially bred offspring seeds are directly released into the sea, the survival rate and the propagation effect are uncertain. The international experience of breeding and releasing salmon shows that the adaptability and survival rate of the fishes entering the marine natural environment can be effectively improved by performing moderate artificial wild domestication before releasing the fries. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a corresponding wild domestication technology to improve the survival rate and the propagation effect of the marine fish fries after propagation and releasing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a wild domestication system for seawater fish proliferation and releasing fries, which is used for domesticating the feeding and predation avoiding capabilities of the releasing fries, enhancing the capability of artificially propagated proliferation and releasing fries adapting to the marine natural environment, improving the survival rate of the releasing fries and further improving the proliferation effect of the releasing of the seawater fish.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a wild domestication system for seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings comprises a domestication field, a light source, a flow-making pump, an artificial fish reef and a camera system;
the domestication field is a square or round factory breeding workshop cement pond or a glass fiber reinforced plastic water tank, and the volume of the domestication field is 20m3In the above, sea sand stones are paved at the bottom of the domestication field, a water inlet pipe is arranged above one side of the domestication field, a drain pipe is arranged in the center, and a round small hole is arranged at the upper half part of the drain pipe so as to discharge excrement of domesticated fish fries and the like;
the light source is an LED lamp, yellow and white light sources are adopted, 3-9 LED lamps with different heights are arranged in each domestication field according to different areas, the intensity of the LED light source and the hanging height can be adjusted, and the illumination period change under the natural condition is simulated;
the flow making pumps are small submersible pumps with different powers, 3-5 sets of domestication fields are arranged according to different areas and are arranged in diagonal directions, the water flow mode and direction of each flow making pump can be adjusted, and the flow making pumps are adjusted through a control system, the operation number of the flow making pumps and the like to push water flow in the domestication fields to form circulation or surge;
the artificial fish reef is arranged above sea sand stones at the bottom of the domestication field, is movable, is provided with 4-10 individual artificial fish reefs in various shapes including a square shape, a conical shape and a pentagonal shape according to different areas, is 1/3-1/2 of the water depth in the domestication field, is combined according to the biological characteristics of different fishes, and simulates reef stones or shelters in a natural environment;
the camera system comprises a camera, an exchanger and a computer, wherein the camera is a low-illumination waterproof camera and is arranged on the inner wall of the domestication pond, the underwater height and shooting angle of the camera can be adjusted, the number of the cameras is 3-7, the collected batch image information is transmitted to the computer at the terminal through the exchanger, and the variation characteristics of adaptive swimming, ingestion and risk avoidance behaviors of the fries are analyzed through the fish behavior analysis system so as to observe and judge the adaptive capacity of the fries.
Further, the inner wall of the domestication yard adopts ecological paint to change the color of the domestication yard.
Further, the domestication system reduces the use of air stones and air ducts.
The using method of the system is implemented in sequence according to the following steps:
(1) the color of the inner wall of the domestication yard is changed by adopting ecological paint, and the environment closer to the natural ecological characteristics of the sea is artificially created by combining the adjustment of an LED light source, the sand-stone substrate, the artificial fish reef and the wave making;
(2) the flow velocity of the water inlet pipe is adjusted to change the water exchange speed in the domestication field, the density of the proliferated released seedlings is reasonably arranged, the use of air stones and air pipes is reduced, the domestication environment is more similar to the original ecological marine environment, and the proliferated released seedlings can adapt to the domestication environment more quickly;
(3) by artificially setting the running number, the water flow mode and the direction of the flow making pump, circulation flows with different flow rates are formed in the domestication field or water flows are pushed to form a surge mode, so that the proliferated released seedlings gradually adapt to the continuous change of the water flows or surges, can freely swim and independently eat compound feed;
(4) after the propagation releasing fingerlings are adapted to the living marine water environment, feeding domestication is carried out in a mode of 'granular feed + iced fresh minced fish' according to the habit of feeding the mixed feed, the proportion of the iced fresh minced fish is gradually increased, after the iced fresh minced fish is completely adapted to the iced fresh minced fish, the feeding mode is changed into 'iced fresh minced fish + fresh bait', the feeding amount of the iced fresh minced fish is gradually reduced so as to gradually enhance the catching capacity of the releasing fingerlings, and the propagation releasing fingerlings are enabled to finish the adaptation of the marine natural living environment in the aspects of bait type and catching performance;
(5) after domestication of the proliferated released seedlings in the aspects of sea water environment adaptation, bait conversion and predation is completed, according to the area of the domestication field and the density of the seedlings, the carnivorous fish with fierce food intake is thrown in a specific time every day to generate a captured stress on the proliferated released seedlings, the capability of avoiding dangerous stress is evaluated through the escape speed, and the survival rate of the proliferated released seedlings is finally improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the system and the method for wild domestication of the seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings, domestication conditions simulating the natural habitat of the ocean can be provided for the releasing seedlings through the combined design of a domestication field, a light source, an artificial fish reef, a flow-making pump and the like, and the wild recovery and the survival capability of the releasing seedlings are comprehensively improved in the aspects of ecological environment adaptation, bait type conversion, predation performance improvement, enemy and pest avoidance and the like; meanwhile, the statistical analysis of videos and images is carried out according to behavior changes in the field domestication process of the seawater fish fries, the basic data are accumulated, and references are provided for researching growth and development and adaptive capacity evaluation of released fries after entering the sea. The system can be used in outdoor ponds and other habitats in an enlarged way and is used for wild domestication of large-scale proliferation and releasing fish fries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wild domestication system for seawater fish proliferation and releasing fingerlings of the invention: 1-domestication field, 2-sea sand stone, 3-artificial fish reef, 4-blow-off pipe, 5-pumping pump, 6-light source, 7-water inlet pipe, 8-control panel, 9-adapter, 10-camera, 11-exchanger, 12-computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the embodiments.
Example 1: wild domestication system for seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings
As shown in figure 1, the seawater fish fry propagation and releasing wild domestication system comprises a domestication field 1, seawater sand stones 2, an artificial fish reef 3, a sewage discharge pipe 4, a flow making pump 5, a light source 6, a water inlet pipe 7, a control panel 8, an adapter 9, a camera 10, an exchanger 11 and a computer 12.
The structure of the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf proliferation releasing offspring seed field domestication system is explained in detail below.
1. Domestication field
The cement pond of the square industrial aquaculture workshop of the domestication field has the specification of 5m multiplied by 2m, the water level is regulated and controlled to be about 1.5m, and the density of the total 5-8 cm sebastes schlegeli offspring seeds is 10-30 fish/m2. A layer of sea sand stone is paved at the bottom of the domestication field, and the height of the sea sand stone is about 8 cm. A water inlet pipe is arranged above one side of the domestication field, and a water outlet of the water inlet pipe is positioned above the water surface and close to one pool corner of the square cement pool. A sewage discharge pipe is arranged at the center of the domestication yard, and a round small hole is arranged at a position, which is 20cm away from the upper surface of sea sand stone, of the sewage discharge pipe so as to discharge excrement of sebastes schlegeli fish offspring seeds and the like.
2. Light source
The light source is 6 60W LED lamps, white light is arranged in 2 rows; the distance between the LED lamps at the middle position of each row and the water surface is 1.8m, and the distance between the LED lamps at the two ends and the water surface is 1.5 m; the LED lamps are all turned on in the daytime and are turned on 3 at night, wherein one row is only turned on in the middle, and the other row is only turned on at two ends, so that the illumination period change under the natural condition is simulated.
3. Flow-making pump
The flow-making pump is a small submersible pump, 4 sets of pumps are arranged on the inner wall of the domestication field, and the pumps are respectively arranged at the positions 40-70 cm away from the upper surface of the sea sand stone at the bottom of the domestication field; wherein, 2 sets of flow making pumps with power of 1.0kW are arranged at the tank corner close to the water inlet pipe orifice and in the diagonal direction of the tank corner, and 2 sets of flow making pumps with power of 1.5kW are arranged at the diagonal direction far from the water inlet pipe orifice. Adjusting the water flow mode to push the water flow in the domestication yard to form a circular flow, and changing the flow rate of the water flow through the water flow gradual change speed mode and the adjustment of the starting number of the flow making pumps; the water flow direction of the flow making pumps with different powers is changed to enable the water flow to rush, and the water flow in the domestication field is pushed to form surging.
4. Artificial fish reef
The artificial fish reefs with the height of about 60cm are randomly placed on sea sand stones at the bottom of the domestication field, the artificial fish reefs are made of concrete materials, and the shapes of the artificial fish reefs comprise squares, pentagons, cones and the like so as to simulate reef stones or shelters in a natural habitat.
5. Image pickup system
The camera system consists of a computer, a router and 4 cameras, wherein the cameras are low-illumination waterproof cameras and are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the domestication pond, behavior characteristic change information in the wild domestication process of the breeding released seedlings can be collected from various angles at positions 40-70 cm away from the upper surface of sea sand stones at the bottom of the domestication field, the image information is transmitted to computer equipment at a terminal through an exchanger, and a fish behavior analysis system is adopted to analyze the change characteristics of swimming, ingestion and risk avoidance behaviors of the seedlings so as to observe and judge the adaptive capacity of the seedlings.
The system is used for performing wild domestication on sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf proliferation releasing offspring seeds, and the specific domestication method comprises the following steps:
1. the inner wall of the domestication field is adjusted to be gray by adopting ecological paint, and an environment which is closer to the natural ecological characteristics of the sea is created through an LED light source, a sand-gravel substrate, an artificial fish reef, wave making and the like.
2. The flow velocity of the water inlet pipe is adjusted to change the water exchange speed in the domestication field, the use of air stones and air pipes is reduced, the domestication environment is more similar to the original ecological marine environment, and the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf proliferation releasing offspring seeds can be more quickly adapted to the domestication environment.
3. After the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf proliferates and releases the fries into a field domestication system 1d, starting environmental domestication, and feeding compound feed during the period; according to the sea water flow velocity value and the sea wave historical value of the proliferation and releasing sea area, when domestication is started, firstly, 2 flow-making pumps with the power of 1.0kw and located in the diagonal direction are started, moderate water flow is formed in a domestication system through a control system, the direction of the water flow is consistent with the water inlet direction of a water inlet pipe, the adaptation condition of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf fries is observed through a camera system, after domestication is carried out for 1-2 d, the swimming speed of the fries is gradually close to the speed of the domestication pumps before starting and is not different, the water flow is set to be in a gradual change speed mode every morning and afternoon, each time is 30min, the frequency is gradually increased from 2 times/d to 4 times/d in the domestication process of 2-3 d, and then the sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf fries are enabled to adapt to the continuous change of the water flow for 1-2 d; on the basis, 1 current-making pump with the power of 1.5kw is started, the setting mode of the current-making pump is completely consistent with that of the current-making pump which is already operated so as to accelerate the flow rate of the water flow and strengthen the change intensity of the water flow, after the domestication for 2-3 days, the domestication for the fry to the environment of the stored water is carried out, 1 current-making pump with the power of 1.5kw is started, and the domestication fry is completely adapted after 2-3 days; after the gradual change of the speed mode is finished for 1 hour every day, closing the water inlet pipe to stop water inflow, changing the water flow direction of 2 high-power flow-making pumps through the control system, enabling the water flow in the domestication system to generate opposite surge through the change of the water flow direction and the flow speed difference generated by the change of the water flow direction, so as to form surge, recovering the water flow direction of the 2 high-power flow-making pumps after continuing for 2 minutes until the direction and the flow speed of the water flow are recovered, regarding the process as one round of surge domestication, enabling the offspring seeds to adapt to the 'water flow + surge' mode through 2-3 d domestication, increasing the frequency of each round of surge domestication to 2 rounds/time, and enabling the offspring seeds of the proliferation and releasing of the Sebastes schlegeli to gradually adapt to the continuous change of the water flow and the surge through 3-5 d domestication, and enabling the normal self-feeding to continuously enhance the swimming ability of the offspring seeds; during the domestication period, the fingerlings have no swimming exhaustion phenomenon, if the swimming exhaustion phenomenon occurs, the domestication at the stage is immediately stopped, and the domestication strategy is properly adjusted.
4. After sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf proliferated releasing offspring seeds adapt to the continuous change of marine water environment, on the premise of not starting a surging mode, firstly feeding a small amount of iced fresh fish meat paste according to the ingestion habit, and supplementing a certain amount of compound feed according to the ingestion amount after 30-60 min intervals; the amount of the iced fresh fish meat paste is gradually increased in the process for 3-5 days, the amount of the compound feed is gradually reduced, and the iced fresh fish meat paste completely replaces the compound feed in 6-9 days; then gradually reducing the feeding of the iced fresh minced fish until stopping feeding, gradually putting a batch of fish fries and shrimp fries with smaller specifications during the feeding, gradually enhancing the predation capacity of the breeding releasing fries of sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf, and completing the adaptation to the marine habitat in the aspects of bait type and predation performance.
5. After the acclimation of the marine water environment, bait conversion and predation performance is finished, 200-700 g of 2 hungry domesticated animals are quickly fed into a domestication field every day at a certain specific time without starting a surge mode
Fish, using grey square net frame
The swimming range of the fish is limited to a fixed position on the inner wall of the domestication yard, so that the fries near the net frame can quickly feel the stress of predation and quickly escape in an explosion/sprint swimming mode, the swimming speed of the fries in 10s is recorded by a terminal information processing and analyzing system of the camera system so as to indirectly reflect the explosion/sprint swimming speed of the fries, and the fries are quickly escaped and reacted
Fishing out the fish, and treating the fish as 1 round of complete escape domestication after the seedlings are recovered to be normal; carrying out 2-3 rounds of escape domestication each time, carrying out 6 times every day, and gradually increasing the swimming distance of the seedlings within 10s through continuous training of swimming capacity; during the domestication period, the fingerlings have no swimming exhaustion phenomenon, if the swimming exhaustion phenomenon occurs, the domestication strategy is immediately stopped and properly adjusted; finishing domestication of the domesticated seedlings to avoid predation when the swimming distance of the domesticated seedlings in a specific time is continuously 3 times and is relatively stable under dangerous stress, adapting the domesticated seedlings to the marine ecological environment in the aspect of avoiding enemy organisms, and finally improving proliferation and releasingThe survival rate of the seedlings.
Claims (2)
1. A wild domestication system for seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings is characterized by comprising a domestication field, a light source, a flow-making pump, an artificial fish reef and a camera system;
the domestication field is a square or round factory breeding workshop cement pond or a glass fiber reinforced plastic water tank, and the volume of the domestication field is 20m3In the above, sea sand stones are paved at the bottom of the domestication farm, a water inlet pipe is arranged above one side of the domestication farm, a drain pipe is arranged in the center, and a round small hole is arranged in the upper half part of the drain pipe so as to discharge the excrement of the domesticated fish fries;
the light source is an LED lamp, yellow and white light sources are adopted, 3-9 LED lamps with different heights are arranged in each domestication field according to different areas, the intensity of the LED light source and the hanging height can be adjusted, and the illumination period change under the natural condition is simulated;
the flow making pumps are small submersible pumps with different powers, 3-5 sets of domestication fields are arranged according to different areas and are arranged in diagonal directions, the water flow mode and direction of each flow making pump can be adjusted, and the flow making pumps can push water flow in the domestication fields to form circulation or surge through adjusting the operation number of the control system and the flow making pumps;
the artificial fish reef is arranged above sea sand stones at the bottom of the domestication field, is movable, is provided with 4-10 individual artificial fish reefs in various shapes including a square shape, a conical shape and a pentagonal shape according to different areas, is 1/3-1/2 of the water depth in the domestication field, is combined according to the biological characteristics of different fishes, and simulates reef stones or shelters in a natural environment;
the camera system comprises a camera, an exchanger and a computer, wherein the camera is a low-illumination waterproof camera and is arranged on the inner wall of the domestication pond, the underwater height and shooting angle of the camera can be adjusted, the number of the cameras is 3-7, the collected batch image information is transmitted to the computer at the terminal through the exchanger, and the variation characteristics of adaptive swimming, ingestion and risk avoidance behaviors of the fries are analyzed through the fish behavior analysis system so as to observe and judge the adaptive capacity of the fries.
2. The system for wild domestication of seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the domestication field adopts ecological paint to change the color of the domestication field.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114586729A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-06-07 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Environmental enrichment device and method for cultivating high ecological fitness black seabream breeding and releasing fry |
| CN116468570A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-07-21 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | A method for assessing the initial adaptability of released fish in lakes |
| CN116602241A (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-08-18 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Domestication method for cultivating silver carp seeds in pond and enabling silver carp seeds to adapt to flow velocity of natural water |
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2020
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114586729A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-06-07 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Environmental enrichment device and method for cultivating high ecological fitness black seabream breeding and releasing fry |
| CN116468570A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-07-21 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | A method for assessing the initial adaptability of released fish in lakes |
| CN116602241A (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-08-18 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Domestication method for cultivating silver carp seeds in pond and enabling silver carp seeds to adapt to flow velocity of natural water |
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