CN214101219U - A Switched Reluctance Motor Brake Control System - Google Patents
A Switched Reluctance Motor Brake Control System Download PDFInfo
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- CN214101219U CN214101219U CN202022799343.2U CN202022799343U CN214101219U CN 214101219 U CN214101219 U CN 214101219U CN 202022799343 U CN202022799343 U CN 202022799343U CN 214101219 U CN214101219 U CN 214101219U
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种开关磁阻电机制动控制系统，它包括：功率主电路、控制单元和整流单元。功率主电路适于对不同相绕组轮流进行励磁和能耗制动控制，对开关磁阻电机进行快速电磁制动；控制单元包括控制器模块、位置信号模块和电流采样模块，位置信号模块和电流采样模块适于采集电机的位置信号和电流信号，控制器模块根据采样到的位置信号和电流信号向功率主电路发送驱动信号；整流单元适于将外部交流电源转换为整个控制系统工作所需的直流电源。本实用新型提供一种开关磁阻电机制动控制系统，解决了能量回馈制动方法对母线储能元件或蓄电池等电路元器件的损坏问题。
The utility model discloses a switched reluctance motor braking control system, which comprises a power main circuit, a control unit and a rectifier unit. The main power circuit is suitable for alternating excitation and dynamic braking control of different phase windings, and rapid electromagnetic braking for switched reluctance motors; the control unit includes a controller module, a position signal module and a current sampling module, a position signal module and a current The sampling module is suitable for collecting the position signal and current signal of the motor, and the controller module sends the driving signal to the main power circuit according to the sampled position signal and current signal; DC power supply. The utility model provides a braking control system for a switched reluctance motor, which solves the problem of damage to circuit components such as a bus energy storage element or a storage battery by an energy feedback braking method.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a switched reluctance motor braking control system belongs to switched reluctance motor speed control field.
Background
At present, a stator and a rotor of a switched reluctance motor are formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, a winding is wound on the stator, and the rotor is free of structures such as the winding and a permanent magnet, so that the switched reluctance motor has the advantages of high efficiency, good reliability, simple and firm structure, low cost and the like. In addition, the SRM also has the advantages of good starting performance, wide speed regulating range, easy realization of four-quadrant operation and the like, thereby being widely applied to the fields of electric automobile driving systems, household appliances, mining machinery and the like.
The common braking strategies of the switched reluctance motor can be mainly divided into energy feedback braking and energy consumption braking. Dynamic braking is a braking mode that kinetic energy is converted into electric energy and then converted into heat energy through a braking resistor, a braking electric energy release loop is usually added into a power circuit, and energy is consumed through the braking resistor during braking, so that the motor is rapidly braked, as disclosed in patent CN 110829906A. The energy feedback braking is a braking mode of converting kinetic energy into electric energy to feed back the electric energy to a bus in the running process of the motor, the energy generated by braking can seriously affect the voltage of the bus, and particularly for a switched reluctance motor speed regulating system adopting a rectifier bridge for power supply, a circuit can be damaged seriously. Therefore, for the braking strategy of the switched reluctance motor driving system, dynamic braking is of great significance, but the current dynamic braking control system needs an independent braking unit and an independent braking resistor, and has complex circuit, more parts and high product cost.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that, overcome prior art not enough, provide a switched reluctance motor braking control system, solved energy repayment braking method to the damage problem of circuit components and parts such as generating line energy storage component or battery and the problem that energy consumption braking circuit is complicated, the spare part is many, the product is with high costs.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the utility model is that:
a switched reluctance motor brake control system comprising:
the power main circuit is suitable for carrying out excitation and energy consumption braking control on different phase windings in turn and carrying out rapid electromagnetic braking on the switched reluctance motor;
the control unit comprises a controller module, a position signal module and a current sampling module, wherein the position signal module and the current sampling module are suitable for collecting position signals and current signals of the motor, and the controller module sends driving signals to the power main circuit according to the sampled position signals and current signals;
and the rectifying unit is suitable for converting an external alternating current power supply into a direct current power supply required by the work of the whole control system.
Furthermore, the power main circuit comprises N asymmetric half bridges, the N asymmetric half bridges correspond to N phases of the switched reluctance motor respectively, each asymmetric half bridge comprises a driving circuit, two diodes and two switching tubes, the diodes and the switching tubes are connected to the upper side and the lower side of the winding respectively in series, two output ends of the driving circuit are connected with the two switching tubes respectively, and an input end of the driving circuit is connected with the controller module.
Further, the driving signal output by the controller module is transmitted to the two switching tubes after passing through a driving circuit, and the driving circuit is an isolation amplifying circuit.
Furthermore, freewheeling diodes are connected in anti-parallel between the collectors and the emitters of the two switching tubes.
Further, the switch tube is a power field effect transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
Furthermore, the position signal module is provided with N, N is the phase number of the switched reluctance motor, and the N position signal modules sequentially input the obtained position signals of the N-phase switched reluctance motor into the controller module.
Furthermore, the included angle between every two adjacent position signal modules is 1/N electric period.
Further, the rectifying unit is a bridge rectifying circuit, and the bridge rectifying circuit is composed of four rectifying diodes and a voltage stabilizing capacitor.
Further, the current sampling module is a current sampling resistor, and the current sampling resistors are connected in series to each phase of the motor.
Furthermore, the current sampling module comprises a hall current sensor and a modulation board, and the hall current sensor converts the collected current signal of each phase into analog quantity through the modulation board and transmits the analog quantity to the controller module.
By adopting the technical scheme, the utility model discloses the electric energy that produces the braking turns into heat energy consumption through motor winding and falls. Compared with the existing brake control, the problem of damage to circuit components such as a bus energy storage element or a storage battery by an energy feedback brake method is solved, and meanwhile, a motor winding replaces a brake resistor, so that the circuit structure is simplified and the production cost is reduced on the basis of meeting the brake effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a switched reluctance motor brake control system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the main power circuit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system of a four-phase eight-wire switched reluctance motor according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a control flow chart of a switched reluctance motor brake control system according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an excitation circuit of a switched reluctance motor brake control system according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a follow current loop of a switched reluctance motor brake control system according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a relationship diagram of the phase a ideal phase inductance and the driving signal of the switched reluctance motor braking control system of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows the motor rotation speed, a-phase current, braking torque, and bus voltage simulation waveforms according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the present invention may be more readily and clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a switched reluctance motor brake control system includes: the power circuit comprises a power main circuit, a control unit and a rectifying unit. The power main circuit is suitable for carrying out excitation and energy consumption braking control on different phase windings in turn and carrying out rapid electromagnetic braking on the switched reluctance motor; the control unit comprises a controller module (which can be a DSP module, an STM32 module, an FPGA and the like), a position signal module and a current sampling module, wherein the position signal module and the current sampling module are suitable for collecting position signals and current signals of the motor, and the controller module sends driving signals to the power main circuit according to the sampled position signals and current signals; the rectifying unit is suitable for converting an external alternating current power supply into a direct current power supply required by the work of the whole control system.
As shown in fig. 2, the power main circuit includes N asymmetric half-bridges, the N asymmetric half-bridges respectively correspond to N phases of the switched reluctance motor, each asymmetric half-bridge includes a driving circuit, two diodes and two switching tubes, the diodes and the switching tubes are respectively connected in series on upper and lower sides of the winding, two output ends of the driving circuit are respectively connected to the two switching tubes, and an input end of the driving circuit is connected to the controller module. LN + and LN-are respectively connected with the positive and negative poles of the winding, N is the phase number of the switched reluctance motor, and DC + and DC-are connected with the positive and negative poles of the direct current power supply.
As shown in fig. 1, the driving signal output by the controller module is transmitted to two switching tubes after passing through a driving circuit, the driving circuit is an isolation amplifying circuit, freewheeling diodes are connected in anti-parallel between collectors and emitters of the two switching tubes, and the switching tubes are power field effect transistors or insulated gate bipolar transistors.
As shown in fig. 1, N position signal modules are provided, each position signal module adopts a photoelectric switch or a hall sensor, N is the phase number of the switched reluctance motor, and the N position signal modules sequentially input the obtained position signals of the N-phase switched reluctance motor to the controller module. The included angle between every two adjacent position signal modules is 1/N electric period, and the included angle can be adjusted to be the sum of the 1/N electric period and the integral multiple of the electric period.
As shown in fig. 1, the rectifying unit is a bridge rectifying circuit, and the bridge rectifying circuit is composed of four rectifying diodes and a voltage stabilizing capacitor.
As shown in fig. 1, the current sampling module may employ a current sampling resistor, and the current sampling resistor is connected in series to each phase of the motor to monitor the electric phase current.
As shown in fig. 1, the current sampling module may also adopt a hall current sensor and a modulation board, the hall current sensor converts the collected current signal of each phase into an analog quantity through the modulation board, and transmits the analog quantity to the controller module, so as to monitor the phase current.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, taking a four-phase eight-wire 8/6 switched reluctance motor as an example, a four-phase eight-wire 8/6 switched reluctance motor includes 8 stator teeth equally distributed along the circumference and 6 rotor salient poles equally distributed along the circumference. 8 coils are wound on 8 stator teeth of the motor and named as A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2, wherein letters represent phases, two coils belonging to the same phase are connected in parallel to form a phase winding of the motor, and outlet ends of the coils are respectively defined as A +, A-, B +, B-, C +, C-, D + and D-, wherein the letters represent the phases, a sign "+" represents an inlet wire, and a sign "-" represents an outlet wire. The rated power of the motor is 1000W, the rated voltage DC310V, the rated rotating speed 8000RPM, the high and low speed compatibility, the high speed 18000RPM, the torque >0.42 N.M, the low speed 100RPM, the torque >2.2 N.M.
A four-phase asymmetric half-bridge power converter based on rectifier bridge ac power supply is mainly composed of a rectifier circuit and an asymmetric half-bridge power circuit, as shown in fig. 3. The rectifying circuit is a bridge rectifying circuit and consists of four rectifying diodes and a voltage stabilizing capacitor C. The asymmetric half-bridge power circuit consists of eight switching tubes (SAU, SAD, SBU, SBD, SCU, SCD, SDU and SDD), eight power diodes (DAU, DAD, DBU, DBD, DCU, DCD, DDU and DDD) and a voltage stabilizing capacitor. The ABCD ligation pattern is shown in figure 3.
The current sampling module is characterized in that a sampling resistor is connected in series with each phase winding on the power converter, and the actual detection and monitoring of the current are realized according to the proportion.
The position signal sensing module mainly comprises a light coupling current limiting resistor and two photoelectric switches M1 and M2. The primary side of the optical coupler is connected with a current-limiting resistor in series and is powered by a power module, the emitting electrode of the secondary side of the optical coupler is grounded, and the collector adopts pull-up output. The two photoelectric switches are different in position by a mechanical angle of 15 degrees, and since the A phase and the C phase are different in phase by an electrical angle of 180 degrees, M1 is used for controlling the A phase and the C phase, and the B phase and the D phase are the same. The number of the photoelectric switches can be 4, and the phase A and the phase C are different in phase by 180 degrees in electrical angle, and the position of the phase B can be calculated according to the position of the phase A, so that only two photoelectric switches are needed, and the number of parts can be reduced.
In this embodiment, the controller module employs an STM32 processor, which outputs eight signals Sau, Sad, Sbu, Sbd, Scu, Scd, Sdu, and Sdd as driving signals of eight switching tubes Sau, Sad, Sbu, Sbd, Scu, Scd, Sdu, and Sdd, respectively.
Combine flowchart 4, right the utility model discloses a control system's control principle carries out the step introduction:
and in the running process of the motor, if the control unit receives a braking signal, the control unit enters a braking mode, judges a phase inductance rising area and a phase inductance falling area according to the position signal and carries out sectional excitation and energy consumption braking control on phase current.
The excitation control is used for establishing an excitation magnetic field, and the corresponding switching tubes SNU and SND are conducted to form an excitation loop as shown in fig. 5, namely, a power supply → an upper switching tube → a phase winding → a lower switching tube → a power supply closed loop, and the power supply supplies power to the winding to establish the excitation magnetic field. The strength of the excitation magnetic field is adjusted by controlling the phase current in the excitation stage, so that the aim of adjusting the braking torque is fulfilled. The phase current control method may be a current chopping control, a PWM voltage control, an angle position control, or the like.
The dynamic braking control is used for consuming energy, turning off the SNU and turning on the SND, as shown in fig. 6, namely a follow current path of phase current is a closed path of a power diode, a phase resistor and a follow current diode, and electric energy generated by braking is directly consumed and converted into heat energy on a switching tube, a phase winding and the follow current diode of a power main loop.
If the phase inductance of the motor is located in the inductance ascending area, selecting a part of inductance ascending area (including 0% -100% inductance ascending area) to carry out excitation control, if the phase current is greater than a set threshold value, carrying out energy consumption braking control, and otherwise, carrying out excitation control.
And when the phase inductance is positioned in the inductance reduction region, if the phase current is less than the set threshold value, carrying out excitation control, otherwise, carrying out energy consumption braking control.
According to the position signal and the phase current, the controller controls the power main circuit to carry out excitation and energy consumption braking control on different phase windings in turn, and the steps are repeated in such a circulating mode to realize the rapid electromagnetic braking of the switched reluctance motor until the rotating speed of the motor is zero, and the braking is finished.
Adopt the utility model discloses a control principle to four-phase switch reluctance motor actuating system, can carry out brake control to A, B, C, D four-phase winding, also can adopt partial phase winding to carry out brake control. In the present embodiment, a method for dynamic braking in which windings of two adjacent phases are directly connected (direct connection means that all inductance rise regions are excited) is implemented, and the present embodiment is described by taking AB two phases as an example. Fig. 7 is a diagram of the relationship between the inductance of the ideal phase and the driving signal of phase a, and a diagram of the relationship between phase B and the driving signal of phase B is similar.
Setting the braking current threshold value as 1A, if the AB two-phase current does not reach the set threshold value in the inductance descending area according to the position signal, conducting the corresponding switch tube SAU, SAD or SBU, SBD, and conducting the corresponding switch tube when the phase does not reach the set threshold value. Exciting the phase winding through a power supply positive pole, an upper switch tube, the phase winding, a lower switch tube and a power supply negative pole closed loop to enable current to quickly reach a set threshold, if the current is larger than the set current threshold, shutting off the SAU to conduct SAD so that the current can carry out energy consumption braking follow current through the lower switch tube, the phase winding and a lower power diode closed loop, and converting electric energy obtained by mechanical energy conversion into heat energy through direct consumption of an energy consumption braking follow current loop power switch tube, the phase winding and a power diode; in an inductance rising area, the SAU is turned off, the SAD is conducted, energy consumption braking follow current is continued, and mechanical energy is continuously converted into electric energy to be consumed on a motor winding and a switching device.
FIG. 8 is a simulation diagram of the motor speed, braking current, braking torque and bus voltage when the motor speed is 10000 r/min. According to the drawing, when enough braking torque is generated, the bus voltage is not lifted, the phenomenon that the energy is fed back to the bus to damage the electronic element is avoided, the safe and rapid braking of the motor is realized, and the feasibility of the method is verified.
The above embodiments further describe the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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| CN112436763A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-02 | 江苏雷利电机股份有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor brake control system and control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112436763A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-02 | 江苏雷利电机股份有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor brake control system and control method |
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