CN213777728U - Continuous pyrolysis system suitable for material containing organic matter component - Google Patents
Continuous pyrolysis system suitable for material containing organic matter component Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a continuous pyrolysis system suitable for contain organic matter composition material, include: the pyrolysis oven, gas purifier, the combustor, gas purifier and heat exchanger, the gas vent of pyrolysis oven passes through pipeline and gas purifier intercommunication, so that the gas vent discharged from the gas vent of pyrolysis oven low temperature coarse fuel gas through gas purifier condensation and separation form clean gas and oil, gas purifier is used for discharging the gas vent of clean gas and passes through the refrigerant air inlet intercommunication of the air inlet of pipeline and combustor and heat exchanger, the gas vent of combustor and the heat medium air inlet intercommunication of heat exchanger, the heat medium gas outlet and the gas purifier intercommunication of heat exchanger, be formed with a pyrolysis oven air inlet in the bottom of pyrolysis oven, the refrigerant gas outlet of heat exchanger passes through pipeline and pyrolysis oven air inlet intercommunication. The pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace is directly heated instead of indirectly heated by the heat of the high-temperature fuel gas, the heat exchange efficiency is high, and compared with an indirect heating mode, the heat exchange effect is improved by about 20%.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the energy, relate to a continuous pyrolysis system suitable for contain organic matter composition material particularly.
Background
At present, China has become the first major energy producing country and energy consuming country in the world. In a period of time in the future, China still stays in the stages of industrialization and urbanization acceleration development, the energy demand continues to increase, and the task of energy supply guarantee is harder. The method realizes diversification of energy, develops renewable energy, and adheres to the theory of 'reduction, reutilization and resource' circular economy, develops circular economy vigorously, strives to realize reutilization of waste, and is an important way for relieving energy shortage in China.
As a renewable energy source, the biomass energy source is the fourth largest energy source next to coal, petroleum and natural gas, 14% of the energy source requirement in the world comes from the biomass energy source, the proportion of the biomass energy source in developing countries is higher by 35%, and the biomass energy source has the characteristics of being renewable, rich in resources, friendly to ecological environment and the like, and becomes a main development and utilization direction of the energy source sustainable development in China. The pyrolysis of biomass is an important way of utilizing biomass energy, pyrolysis products comprise gas, biomass oil, biomass charcoal and the like, the pyrolysis solid product biomass charcoal can be used as a reducing agent for smelting metal, at present, metallurgical enterprises mainly use coke to reduce metal, the coke is prepared from coal, petroleum and the like, the rock resources such as the coal, the petroleum and the like are increasingly in shortage, and the production and utilization of the biomass charcoal are enhanced for realizing the sustainable development of the metallurgical enterprises.
With the development of industry and modern civilization, the treatment of waste rubber and waste tires becomes a big problem faced by people, in addition, in the production process of petroleum industry and coal coking industry, a large amount of oil sludge and oil sand containing petroleum hydrocarbons are generated due to process equipment, manual operation and the like and are leaked into the environment to pollute the environment, especially, the improper treatment of petroleum substances can seriously pollute the atmosphere, water and soil, and part of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof have strong carcinogenic and teratogenic effects and threaten the health and ecological systems of human bodies. The prior art is difficult to carry out harmless resource treatment on the premise of not generating secondary pollution.
The existing biomass charcoal making process mainly adopts a mode of putting biomass into a dry distillation kettle to isolate air for indirect heating to prepare biomass charcoal, more dry distillation kettles need to be configured, and continuous production cannot be realized; the oil preparation by pyrolysis and destructive distillation of waste rubber and waste tires is mostly an indirect heating and discontinuous production process by air isolation, and the production efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims at providing a continuous pyrolysis system suitable for materials containing organic components.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for using the above continuous pyrolysis system.
The purpose of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme.
A continuous pyrolysis system for a material containing organic components, comprising: the device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a gas purification device, a burner, a flue gas purification device and a heat exchanger, wherein an exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the gas purification device through a pipeline, so that the low-temperature crude fuel gas discharged from the exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace is condensed and separated by the fuel gas purification device to form purified fuel gas and oil products, the gas exhaust port of the gas purification device for exhausting purified gas is respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the burner and the refrigerant gas inlet of the heat exchanger through two pipelines, the exhaust port of the burner is communicated with the heat medium air inlet of the heat exchanger, the heat medium air outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the flue gas purification device, a pyrolysis furnace air inlet is formed at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, a refrigerant air outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace air inlet through a pipeline, so that the high-temperature fuel gas discharged from the refrigerant gas outlet exchanges heat with the materials in the pyrolysis furnace and then is introduced into the fuel gas purification device.
In the technical scheme, a feeding hole for feeding materials into the pyrolysis furnace is positioned at the top of the pyrolysis furnace.
The use method of the continuous pyrolysis system comprises the following steps:
1) enabling the interior of the pyrolysis furnace to be in an oxygen-free state, putting materials into the pyrolysis furnace, enabling the materials to be in reverse contact with high-temperature fuel gas at 650-800 ℃ for heat exchange, and then performing pyrolysis;
in the step 1), the temperature of the low-temperature crude fuel gas is 120-200 ℃.
In step 1), the material is biomass material, rubber, oil sand briquettes or oil sludge briquettes.
2) Setting the condensation temperature of the gas purification device for condensing the low-temperature crude gas to be 20-50 ℃ so that the gas purification device separates the low-temperature crude gas into an oil product and a clean gas at 20-50 ℃;
in the step 2), the gas purification device separates the low-temperature crude gas into clean gas, oil products and other recyclable substances.
3) The combustor burns the clean fuel gas to form high-temperature flue gas at 800-1100 ℃, and the heat exchanger exchanges heat between the high-temperature flue gas at 800-1100 ℃ and the clean fuel gas, so that the high-temperature flue gas is cooled to 70-150 ℃ to form low-temperature flue gas, and the clean fuel gas is heated to 350-800 ℃ to form the high-temperature fuel gas;
4) the flue gas purification device is used for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrifying low-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature fuel gas enters the pyrolysis furnace and reversely contacts with the material to exchange heat.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. one part of clean gas is combusted in the combustor to generate high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchanger, the other part of clean gas exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchanger to generate high temperature, and the clean gas does not need to be accessed by an external heat source except for initial ignition;
2. the pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace is direct heating instead of indirect heating by relying on the heat of the high-temperature fuel gas, the heat exchange efficiency is high, the high-temperature fuel gas is adopted for direct heating, and compared with an indirect heating mode, the heat exchange effect is improved by about 20%. (the indirect heating efficiency generally does not exceed 80%, the direct heating heat exchange is almost 100%; compared with the bottom air pyrolysis mode, the air pyrolysis needs to consume a certain amount of material to generate heat, and the generated carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the air can reduce the calorific value of the fuel gas generated by the pyrolysis.
3. The medium for direct heating is self-produced high-temperature fuel gas, no other gas components enter, and the heat value of the fuel gas is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous pyrolysis system for organic matter containing materials according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1: pyrolysis furnace, 2: gas purification device, 3: burner, 4: heat exchanger, 5: a flue gas purification device.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The utility model aims at providing a be suitable for continuous pyrolysis technology of shaping biomass material, waste rubber recovery etc, the thick gas of low temperature that produces among the material pyrolysis process produces clean gas through gas purifier 2's purification back, and the burning produces high temperature flue gas and gets into the heat exchanger in the combustor of clean gas partly, and another part clean gas carries out the heat transfer with high temperature flue gas in the heat exchanger and produces high temperature gas to high temperature gas is the heat carrier, directly contacts the heat transfer with the material, provides the energy for the pyrolysis. Dispersed and irregular materials are prepared into forming materials with certain specifications (such as irregular biomass furnace materials such as sawdust, straws and the like are prepared into briquettes with the diameter of about 25 mm; waste rubber tires are cut into rubber blocks with the diameter of about 25mm multiplied by 25 mm; oil sludge and oil sand are isobarically prepared into balls with the diameter of about 25 mm), the forming materials are added from the top of a pyrolysis furnace, and the temperature of low-temperature crude gas is adjusted by controlling the descending speed of the materials in the pyrolysis furnace and the height of the materials in the furnace.
The utility model discloses continuous pyrolysis system also can be used for the waste treatment that oil sand, fatlute etc. contain pyrolysis recycle value, and the material is through the shaping after handling, and pyrolysis furnace pyrolysis through continuous pyrolysis system produces available gas and other recoverable substance, and other recoverable substance are like living beings oil, carbon black, charcoal etc..
The flue gas purification device and the fuel gas purification device select mature products in the market according to the components and the temperature of the flue gas and the fuel gas. The function of the gas purification device is as follows: condensing low-temperature crude fuel gas to form liquid (the liquid is oil and other recyclable substances) and clean fuel gas after the low-temperature crude fuel gas is condensed, and then enabling the liquid to enter an oil-water separator for oil-water separation to separate the liquid into the oil and other recyclable substances; the function of the flue gas purification device is as follows: and cooling the low-temperature flue gas to the temperature required by denitration, performing denitration, removing dust, and finally performing desulfurization.
A continuous pyrolysis system for a material containing organic components, comprising: a pyrolysis furnace 1, a fuel gas purification device 2, a burner 3, a flue gas purification device 5 and a heat exchanger 4, wherein an exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is communicated with the fuel gas purification device 2 through a pipeline, so that the low-temperature crude gas discharged from the exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is condensed and separated by the gas purification device 2 to form clean gas and oil products, the exhaust port of the gas purification device 2 for discharging the clean gas is respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the combustor 3 and the refrigerant gas inlet of the heat exchanger 4 through two pipelines, the exhaust port of the combustor 3 is communicated with the heat medium gas inlet of the heat exchanger 4, the heat medium gas outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the flue gas purification device 5, a pyrolysis furnace air inlet is formed at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 1, a refrigerant air outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace air inlet through a pipeline, so that the high-temperature fuel gas discharged from the refrigerant gas outlet exchanges heat with the materials in the pyrolysis furnace 1 and then is introduced into the fuel gas purification device 2. The pyrolysis furnace 1 is used for pyrolysis. A feed port for feeding the material into the pyrolysis furnace 1 is located at the top of the pyrolysis furnace 1.
Example 1
A continuous pyrolysis system for a material containing organic components, comprising: a pyrolysis furnace 1, a fuel gas purification device 2, a burner 3, a flue gas purification device 5 and a heat exchanger 4, wherein an exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is communicated with the fuel gas purification device 2 through a pipeline, so that the low-temperature crude gas discharged from the exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is condensed and separated by the gas purification device 2 to form clean gas and oil products, the exhaust port of the gas purification device 2 for discharging the clean gas is respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the combustor 3 and the refrigerant gas inlet of the heat exchanger 4 through two pipelines, the exhaust port of the combustor 3 is communicated with the heat medium gas inlet of the heat exchanger 4, the heat medium gas outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the flue gas purification device 5, a pyrolysis furnace air inlet is formed at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 1, a refrigerant air outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace air inlet through a pipeline, so that the high-temperature fuel gas discharged from the refrigerant gas outlet exchanges heat with the materials in the pyrolysis furnace 1 and then is introduced into the fuel gas purification device 2. The pyrolysis furnace 1 is used for pyrolysis. A feed port for feeding the material into the pyrolysis furnace 1 is located at the top of the pyrolysis furnace 1.
Taking pyrolysis fruit trees as materials for example, firstly, the fruit trees are divided into fruit tree blocks with the diameters of about 30-50 mm, the fruit tree blocks are added into a pyrolysis furnace from a feeding hole in the top of the pyrolysis furnace, the fruit tree blocks after entering the furnace are in direct reverse contact with high-temperature fuel gas introduced from the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, the fruit tree blocks generate coarse wood fuel gas through pyrolysis, and the high-temperature fuel gas is reduced in temperature after passing through the fruit tree blocks and is mixed with the coarse wood fuel gas generated by the fruit tree blocks to form low-temperature coarse fuel gas. The low-temperature crude fuel gas contains tar and vinegar liquid steam, and after passing through the fuel gas purification device, the tar and the vinegar liquid steam are respectively separated from the fuel gas in a liquid state and are respectively recycled, wherein the tar is used as an oil product, and the vinegar liquid is other recyclable substances. The pure gas is obtained after the tar and vinegar vapor are removed, one part of the pure gas is fed into a combustor to be fully combusted, the generated high-temperature flue gas is fed into a heat exchanger, and indirect heat exchange is carried out between the high-temperature flue gas and the other part of the pure gas in the heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the pure gas is raised to form high-temperature flue gas, meanwhile, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is lowered to form low-temperature flue gas, and the low-temperature flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard through a flue gas purification device; high-temperature fuel gas is introduced into an air inlet at the bottom of the pyrolyzing furnace to be in direct contact with the fruit wood blocks, so that required heat is provided for pyrolysis of the fruit wood blocks. The pyrolyzed fruit and wood blocks are discharged from the bottom of the pyrolyzing furnace in the form of charcoal, cooled and packaged for recycling.
The use method of the continuous pyrolysis system comprises the following steps:
1) the interior of the pyrolysis furnace is in an oxygen-free state, materials are put into the pyrolysis furnace 1, the materials are in reverse contact with high-temperature fuel gas at 700 ℃ for heat exchange, then pyrolysis is carried out, and the temperature of low-temperature crude fuel gas is 150 ℃;
2) setting the condensation temperature of the gas purification device 2 for condensing the low-temperature crude gas to be 40 ℃ so that the gas purification device 2 separates the low-temperature crude gas into an oil product and a clean gas at 40 ℃;
3) the combustor 3 combusts the clean gas to form high-temperature flue gas at 900 ℃, and the heat exchanger 4 exchanges heat between the high-temperature flue gas at 900 ℃ and the clean gas to ensure that the high-temperature flue gas is cooled to 150 ℃ to form low-temperature flue gas and the clean gas is heated to 700 ℃ to form high-temperature flue gas;
4) the flue gas purification device 5 removes dust and carries out desulfurization and denitration treatment to low temperature flue gas, and high temperature gas gets into in the pyrolysis furnace 1 and carries out the heat transfer with material reverse contact.
Example 2
A continuous pyrolysis system for a material containing organic components, comprising: a pyrolysis furnace 1, a fuel gas purification device 2, a burner 3, a flue gas purification device 5 and a heat exchanger 4, wherein an exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is communicated with the fuel gas purification device 2 through a pipeline, so that the low-temperature crude gas discharged from the exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is condensed and separated by the gas purification device 2 to form clean gas and oil products, the exhaust port of the gas purification device 2 for discharging the clean gas is respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the combustor 3 and the refrigerant gas inlet of the heat exchanger 4 through two pipelines, the exhaust port of the combustor 3 is communicated with the heat medium gas inlet of the heat exchanger 4, the heat medium gas outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the flue gas purification device 5, an air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is formed at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 1, a refrigerant air outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 1 through a pipeline, so that the high-temperature fuel gas discharged from the refrigerant gas outlet exchanges heat with the materials in the pyrolysis furnace 1 and then is introduced into the fuel gas purification device 2. The pyrolysis furnace 1 is used for pyrolysis. A feed port for feeding the material into the pyrolysis furnace 1 is located at the top of the pyrolysis furnace 1.
Taking waste rubber tires as materials for example, the waste rubber tires are firstly pretreated, including the steps of crushing and removing steel wires, wherein the crushed granularity is about 25mm of rubber blocks, the rubber blocks are added into a pyrolysis furnace from a feed inlet at the top of the pyrolysis furnace, the rubber blocks after being fed into the pyrolysis furnace are directly and reversely contacted with high-temperature gas fed from the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, and the rubber blocks are pyrolyzed to generate crude gas and carbon black through the processes of preheating and pyrolysis in sequence; after passing through the rubber block layer, the high-temperature fuel gas is reduced in temperature and is mixed with the crude fuel gas generated by pyrolysis of the rubber block to form low-temperature crude fuel gas. The low-temperature crude fuel gas contains pyrolysis oil steam, and after the temperature of the low-temperature crude fuel gas is reduced by the fuel gas purification device, the pyrolysis oil steam is separated from the clean fuel gas in a liquid state as an oil product and is recycled. The clean gas which is relatively pure after the pyrolysis oil is recovered is divided into two parts, one part of the clean gas enters a combustor to be fully combusted, the generated high-temperature flue gas enters a heat exchanger, and indirect heat exchange is carried out between the high-temperature flue gas and the other part of the clean gas in the heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the clean gas is raised to form high-temperature flue gas, meanwhile, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to form low-temperature flue gas, and the low-temperature flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard through a flue gas purification device; high-temperature fuel gas is introduced into an air inlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace to be in direct contact with the rubber block, so that required heat is provided for pyrolysis of the rubber block. And discharging the pyrolyzed rubber blocks from the bottom of the pyrolyzing furnace in a carbon black form, cooling, packaging and recovering.
The use method of the continuous pyrolysis system comprises the following steps:
1) the interior of the pyrolysis furnace is in an oxygen-free state, materials are put into the pyrolysis furnace 1, the materials are in reverse contact with high-temperature gas at 650 ℃ for heat exchange, then pyrolysis is carried out, and the temperature of low-temperature crude gas is 150 ℃;
2) setting the condensation temperature of the gas purification device 2 for condensing the low-temperature crude gas to be 40 ℃ so that the gas purification device 2 separates the low-temperature crude gas into an oil product and a clean gas at 40 ℃;
3) the combustor 3 combusts the clean gas to form high-temperature flue gas at 1000 ℃, and the heat exchanger 4 exchanges heat between the high-temperature flue gas at 1000 ℃ and the clean gas to ensure that the high-temperature flue gas is cooled to 150 ℃ to form low-temperature flue gas and the clean gas is heated to 650 ℃ to form high-temperature flue gas;
4) the flue gas purification device 5 removes dust and carries out desulfurization and denitration treatment to low temperature flue gas, and high temperature gas gets into in the pyrolysis furnace 1 and carries out the heat transfer with material reverse contact.
The invention has been described above by way of example, and it should be noted that any simple variants, modifications or other equivalent substitutions by a person skilled in the art without spending creative effort may fall within the scope of protection of the present invention without departing from the core of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A continuous pyrolysis system for a material containing organic components, comprising: the device comprises a pyrolysis furnace (1), a gas purification device (2), a burner (3), a flue gas purification device (5) and a heat exchanger (4), wherein an exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is communicated with the gas purification device (2) through a pipeline so that low-temperature crude gas discharged from the exhaust port of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is condensed and separated through the gas purification device (2) to form clean gas and oil, an exhaust port of the gas purification device (2) used for discharging the clean gas is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the burner (3) and a refrigerant air inlet of the heat exchanger (4) through two pipelines, the exhaust port of the burner (3) is communicated with the heat medium air inlet of the heat exchanger (4), a heat medium air outlet of the heat exchanger (4) is communicated with the flue gas purification device (5), a pyrolysis furnace air inlet is formed at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace (1), and the refrigerant air outlet of the heat exchanger (4) is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace air inlet through a pipeline, so that the high-temperature fuel gas discharged from the refrigerant gas outlet exchanges heat with the materials in the pyrolysis furnace (1) and then is introduced into the fuel gas purification device (2).
2. A continuous pyrolysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed opening for feeding material into the pyrolysis furnace (1) is located at the top of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
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| CN114484443A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-13 | 唐山雷浩能源技术装备有限公司 | Continuous pyrolysis system suitable for materials containing organic components and method of using the same |
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