Single-drive high-efficiency high-precision magnetorheological polishing machine for outer surface of ceramic tube
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the ceramic tube polishing, in particular to high-efficient high accuracy ceramic tube surface magneto-rheological burnishing machine of single drive.
Background
Polishers, also known as grinders, are often used for mechanical grinding, polishing, and waxing. The working principle is as follows: the motor drives the sponge or wool polishing disc arranged on the polishing machine to rotate at a high speed, and the polishing disc and the polishing agent act together and rub the surface to be polished, so that the aims of removing paint surface pollution, oxide layers and shallow marks can be fulfilled, stepless speed change is mostly realized, and the sponge or wool polishing disc can be adjusted at any time during construction according to requirements. With the increase of polishing standards, magnetorheological polishing is gradually popularized, and is an application branch derived based on the rheological property of magnetorheological polishing liquid, polishing abrasive particles are added into the magnetorheological polishing liquid, and under the action of a magnetic field, the magnetic particles are mixed with the abrasive particles to slide on the surface of a workpiece, so that the surface material of the workpiece is removed, and the polishing effect is achieved.
Because the ceramic tube has a special shape structure and the magneto-rheological polishing is a novel composite material polishing technology, the ceramic tube is less researched and developed, the traditional scheme adopts an annular radiation magnetizing magnetic pole mode and an electromagnet magnetizing mode, but the radiation magnetizing cost is very high, the manufacturing cost of the magneto-rheological polishing machine is greatly increased, and the magneto-rheological polishing liquid cannot be replaced, so that the ceramic tube is rarely or even cannot be replaced by the magneto-rheological polishing liquid; although the magnet adding mode of the electromagnet can realize the good replacement of the magnetorheological polishing solution, two surfaces with good magnetic field generated by the electromagnet are upper and lower circular surfaces, the magnetic field intensity of the inner and outer side surfaces is very poor and far cannot meet the requirement of the magnetic field intensity, and the magnetorheological polishing efficiency and precision are greatly reduced.
In addition, according to the particularity of the ceramic tube material and the shape, the ceramic tube material is fragile and cylindrical, meanwhile, magnetorheological polishing requires high precision, the fixture is positioned and important, the traditional fixture cannot meet the particularity in a colleague manner, surface scratches are serious, the polishing precision is poor, and the breakage rate of the ceramic tube is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a single-drive high-efficiency high-precision ceramic tube outer surface magneto-rheological polishing machine.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a single-drive high-efficiency high-precision magnetorheological polishing machine for the outer surface of a ceramic tube comprises a rack, a polishing head, a spray head and a magnetorheological polishing liquid supply mechanism;
a sliding rail arranged in the vertical direction is fixed on a back plate of the rack, a lifting rack is connected to the sliding rail in a sliding manner, the lifting rack is driven by a lifting driving mechanism to move up and down along the sliding rail, a first motor is fixed on the lifting rack, and an output shaft of the first motor is connected with a fixing clamp for fixing the ceramic tube through a coupler;
the polishing head is arranged on the table top of the rack and is positioned right below the first motor, the polishing head is of an annular structure, the inner side of the polishing head is connected with a plurality of magnetic poles A and magnetic poles B which are arranged in an annular Halbach array, the magnetic poles A and the magnetic poles B are alternately arranged and are cylindrical, the magnetic poles A are arranged tangentially along the circumference, the magnetic poles B are arranged radially along the circumference, the magnetic poles B are rotationally connected to the polishing head, and the magnetic poles B synchronously rotate under the driving of the driving mechanism;
and a liquid inlet of the spray head is connected to the magnetorheological polishing liquid supply mechanism, and a liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray head sprays magnetorheological polishing liquid towards the polishing head.
As a preferred embodiment, further, the lifting driving mechanism comprises a lifting chain and a flywheel, the flywheel is rotatably connected to the back plate of the rack, the flywheel is meshed with the lifting chain, the lifting chain is fixedly connected with the lifting frame, and the lifting chain operates to drive the lifting frame to move up and down, so that the first motor is driven to lift. The above-mentioned only one kind of lifting driving mechanism for driving the first motor, of course, the cylinder or the screw nut pair may also be used to drive the first motor to lift.
As a preferred embodiment, further, a fixing frame and a backing plate are sequentially arranged on the table top of the rack from top to bottom, the polishing head is connected to the fixing frame, the rotation driving mechanism includes a second motor, a conical gear disc and a planar needle roller bearing, the second motor is fixed below the backing plate, an output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the conical gear disc, the planar needle roller bearing is supported on the backing plate, the conical gear disc is rotatably connected to the planar needle roller bearing and located at the bottom of the polishing end, conical gears are respectively fixed on each magnetic pole B, and each conical gear is respectively engaged with the conical gear disc.
As a preferred embodiment, a bearing a and a bearing B connected with a polishing head are respectively connected to the magnetic pole B and on two sides of the bevel gear.
As a preferred embodiment, further, the fixing clamp comprises a threaded rod a, a threaded rod B, a shell and a bracket, the threaded rod a and the threaded rod B are connected to the shell through threads, one end of the threaded rod B is engaged with the threaded rod a through threads, and the other end of the threaded rod B extends out of the shell; the threaded rod A bottom mounting has the support, support bottom fixedly connected with rotates the connector, it is connected with a plurality of jack catchs to rotate the connector outside along the circumferencial direction interval rotation, the inboard fixedly connected with cardboard of jack catch.
As a preferred embodiment, the lower end of the clamping plate is in threaded connection with locking bolts, guide grooves are formed in the shell corresponding to the locking bolts respectively, and the locking bolts penetrate through the corresponding guide grooves respectively.
As a preferred embodiment, further, the magnetorheological polishing solution supply mechanism comprises a recovery tank, a filter tank and a circulating pump, wherein the recovery tank is located below the table top, the recovery tank is erected above the filter tank through a supporting block, a cooling tank is arranged around the periphery of the recovery tank, the cooling tank is connected to a liquid outlet at the bottom of the recovery tank through a filter screen, the filter tank is connected to a liquid inlet of the circulating pump through a pump pipe a, the pump pipe a is connected with a pump valve, and a liquid outlet of the circulating pump is connected to a liquid inlet of a spray head through a pump pipe B.
As a preferred embodiment, further, a circle of annular inclined spraying grooves are arranged at the liquid outlet at the bottom of the spraying head.
In a preferred embodiment, an observation plate capable of being opened and closed is further connected to a side surface of the rack, and the condition of the magnetorheological polishing fluid supply mechanism can be observed by opening the observation plate.
As preferred embodiment, further, be fixed with articulated seat on the back of rack, articulated on the articulated seat have along horizontal direction pivoted swing arm, the free end and the shower nozzle fixed connection of swing arm are connected with the fixed block that is used for carrying out the locking location to the swing arm on the articulated seat.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme, following beneficial technological effect has:
1. the single motor drives the plurality of magnetic poles to rotate, the replacement of the magnetorheological polishing solution is completed in the process of the rotation of the magnetic poles, the annular spray head is adopted to feed the magnetorheological polishing solution to replace the traditional spray head, fixed-point spray is changed into annular spray, so that the magnetorheological polishing solution on the outer side of the ceramic tube is sprayed more uniformly, the magnetorheological polishing solution generates inertia under the action of a pump, the magnetorheological polishing solution on the polishing head is impacted, the replacement of the magnetorheological polishing solution is accelerated, and the spraying uniformity, the replaceability and the polishing high efficiency of the magnetorheological polishing solution are realized;
2. the cylindrical magnetic pole Halbach array mode is adopted to replace an annular radiation magnetizing magnetic pole and an electromagnet magnetizing mode, the magnetic pole A strengthens the magnetic field intensity at the top end of the magnetic pole B to achieve a superposition effect, compared with the annular radiation magnetizing magnetic pole magnetizing mode, the manufacturing cost of the magneto-rheological polishing machine is greatly reduced, the replacement of magneto-rheological polishing liquid is realized, compared with the electromagnet magnetic pole magnetizing mode, the magnetic field intensity of the radial inner surface is improved, and the high efficiency and the economical efficiency of the magneto-rheological polishing are realized;
3. adopt combined type mounting fixture, the accurate center of automatic positioning clamping ceramic pipe, cardboard and locking bolt carry out the secondary positioning, reduce eccentric error, improve the axiality and the fastness of ceramic pipe polishing to reduce the polishing grit and to the outward appearance mar of ceramic pipe, realize the practicality and the high accuracy nature of magnetic current becomes polishing.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;
fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the magnetic pole assembly on the polishing head;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly on the polishing head;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a holding fixture;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a showerhead;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a bevel gear engagement;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a magnetic pole B;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a magnetic pole array.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-8, the utility model relates to a single-drive high-efficiency high-precision magneto-rheological polishing machine for the outer surface of a ceramic tube, which comprises a rack 1, a polishing head 2, a spray head 19 and a magneto-rheological polishing liquid supply mechanism;
a sliding rail 23 arranged in the vertical direction is fixed on a back plate of the rack 1, a lifting frame 26 is connected on the sliding rail 23 in a sliding manner, the lifting frame 26 is driven by a lifting driving mechanism to move up and down along the sliding rail 23, a first motor 22 is fixed on the lifting frame 26, and an output shaft of the first motor 22 is connected with a fixing clamp 29 for fixing a ceramic tube through a coupler 32;
the polishing head 2 is arranged on the table surface 7 of the rack 1 and is positioned right below the first motor 22, the polishing head 2 is of an annular structure, the inner side of the polishing head 2 is connected with a plurality of magnetic poles A27 and magnetic poles B28 which are arranged in an annular Halbach array, the magnetic poles A27 and the magnetic poles B28 are alternately arranged and are cylindrical, the magnetic poles A27 are arranged tangentially along the circumference, the magnetic poles B28 are arranged radially along the circumference, the magnetic poles B28 are rotationally connected to the polishing head 2, and the magnetic poles B28 are driven by the driving mechanism to synchronously rotate;
and a liquid inlet of the spray head 19 is connected to the magnetorheological polishing liquid supply mechanism, and a liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray head 19 sprays magnetorheological polishing liquid towards the polishing head 2.
The lifting driving mechanism comprises a lifting chain 25 and a flywheel 24, the flywheel 24 is rotatably connected to the back plate of the rack 1, the flywheel 24 is meshed with the lifting chain 25, the lifting chain 25 is fixedly connected with a lifting frame 26, and the lifting chain 25 runs to drive the lifting frame 26 to do lifting motion, so that the first motor 22 is driven to lift. The above-mentioned mechanism is only one of the lifting driving mechanisms for driving the first motor 22, and it is of course possible to use an air cylinder or a screw nut pair to drive the first motor 22 to lift.
The polishing machine is characterized in that a fixed frame 5 and a base plate 6 are sequentially arranged on a table top 7 of the rack 1 from top to bottom, the polishing head 2 is connected onto the fixed frame 5, the driving mechanism comprises a second motor 8, a conical gear disc 3 and a planar needle roller bearing 4, the second motor 8 is fixed below the base plate 6, an output shaft of the second motor 8 is fixedly connected with the center of the bottom of the conical gear disc 3, the planar needle roller bearing 4 is supported on the base plate 6, the conical gear disc 3 is rotatably connected onto the planar needle roller bearing 4 and is located at the bottom of a polishing end, conical gears 29 are respectively fixed on each magnetic pole B28, and each conical gear 29 is respectively meshed with the conical gear disc 3.
In order to ensure that the magnetic pole B28 can stably and smoothly rotate, a bearing a30 and a bearing B31 connected with the polishing head 2 are respectively connected to the magnetic pole B28 and two sides of the bevel gear.
The fixing clamp 29 comprises a threaded rod A2901, a threaded rod B2902, a shell 2903 and a bracket 2904, the threaded rod A2901 and the threaded rod B2902 are connected to the interior of the shell 2903 in a threaded mode, one end of the threaded rod B2902 is in threaded engagement with the threaded rod A2901, and the other end of the threaded rod B2902 extends out of the shell 2903; a support 2904 is fixed at the bottom end of the threaded rod a2901, a rotary connector 2905 is fixedly connected at the bottom end of the support 2904, a plurality of claws 2906 are rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotary connector 2905 at intervals along the circumferential direction, and a clamping plate 2907 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the claws 2906. Further, a locking bolt 2909 is screwed to a lower end of the clamping plate 2907, a guide groove 2908 is formed in the housing 2903 corresponding to each locking bolt 2909, and each locking bolt 2909 passes through the corresponding guide groove 2908.
The magnetorheological polishing liquid supply mechanism comprises a recovery tank 11, a filter tank 14 and a circulating pump 17 (a peristaltic pump can be adopted), the recovery tank 11 is located below the table board 7, the recovery tank 11 is erected above the filter tank 14 through a supporting block 10, a cooling tank 12 is arranged around the periphery of the recovery tank 11, the cooling tank 12 is connected to a liquid outlet at the bottom of the recovery tank 11 through a filter screen 13, the filter tank 14 is connected to a liquid inlet of the circulating pump 17 through a pump pipe A15, a pump valve 16 is connected to a pump pipe A15, and a liquid outlet of the circulating pump 17 and a pump pipe B18 are connected to a liquid inlet of a spray head 19.
A circle of annular inclined spray grooves 1901 are arranged at a liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray head 19. By adopting the structure, fixed-point injection is changed into annular injection, so that the magnetorheological polishing fluid at the outer side of the ceramic tube is more uniformly injected.
An observation plate 9 which can be opened and closed is connected to the side surface of the rack 1, and the condition of the magnetorheological polishing solution supply mechanism can be observed by opening the observation plate 9.
The back of the rack 1 is fixed with an articulated seat, the articulated seat is articulated with a swing arm 20 rotating along the horizontal direction, the free end of the swing arm 20 is fixedly connected with a spray head 19, and the articulated seat is connected with a fixed block 21 used for locking and positioning the swing arm 20. The position of the spray head 19 can be adjusted through the swing arm 20, and the spray head is flexible to use and high in adaptability.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation:
1) the ceramic tube is clamped and fixed in a fixture 29: placing a ceramic tube in a shell 2903, clockwise rotating a threaded rod B2902 to drive a threaded rod A2901 to move upwards, driving a rotating connector 2905 to move upwards, enabling a clamping claw 2906 to contract inwards, driving a clamping plate 2907 to fix the axis of the ceramic tube, reinforcing the bottom end of the ceramic tube through a locking bolt 2909, automatically positioning and clamping the center of the ceramic tube, and secondarily positioning the clamping plate 2907 and a positioning bolt, so that the eccentric error is reduced, the polishing coaxiality and firmness of the ceramic tube are improved, scratches of polishing abrasive particles on the outer surface of the ceramic tube are reduced, and the practicability and high precision of magneto-rheological polishing are realized;
2) the lifting driving mechanism drives the fixing clamp 29 to descend, so that the ceramic tube descends to a working area inside the polishing head 2;
3) the second motor 8 drives the conical gear plate 3 to rotate, the conical gear plate 3 drives each conical gear 29 to rotate, so that each magnetic pole B28 is driven to synchronously rotate, the replacement of the magnetorheological polishing solution is completed in the process of magnetic pole rotation B, the magnetic pole A27 strengthens the magnetic field intensity at the top end of the magnetic pole B28 to achieve a superposition effect, compared with an annular radiation magnetizing magnetic pole magnetizing mode, the manufacturing cost of the magnetorheological polishing machine is greatly reduced, the replacement of the magnetorheological polishing solution is realized, compared with an electromagnet magnetic pole magnetizing mode, the magnetic field intensity of the radial inner surface is improved, and the high efficiency and the economy of the magnetorheological polishing are realized;
4) rotating the swing arm 20 until the annular spray head 19 rotates to the upper side of the polishing head 2, and then locking and positioning the swing arm 20 through the fixing block 21;
5) opening a pump valve 16, enabling the magnetorheological polishing solution to enter a spray head 19 through a circulating pump 17, then spraying the magnetorheological polishing solution onto the polishing head 2 through an inclined spray groove of the spray head 19, continuously replacing the magnetorheological polishing solution through a magnetic pole B28, enabling the magnetorheological polishing solution to flow into a recovery tank 11 under the action of gravity, cooling the magnetorheological polishing solution by cooling liquid in a cooling tank 12 outside the recovery tank 11, filtering the magnetorheological polishing solution through a filter screen, then enabling the magnetorheological polishing solution to enter a filter 14, and enabling the circulating pump 17 to enable the magnetorheological polishing solution filtered in the filter 14 to be discharged through the circulating pump 17 through a pump pipe A15. In addition, the annular spray head 19 is adopted to feed the magnetorheological polishing solution to replace the traditional spray head 19, fixed-point spraying is changed into annular spraying, so that the magnetorheological polishing solution on the outer side of the ceramic tube is sprayed more uniformly, the magnetorheological polishing solution generates inertia under the action of the circulating pump 17, impact is generated on the magnetorheological polishing solution on the polishing head 2, the replacement of the magnetorheological polishing solution is accelerated, and the spraying uniformity, the replaceability and the polishing high efficiency of the magnetorheological polishing solution are realized.
The practice of the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are illustrative rather than limiting, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the claims and the specification.