CN213597911U

CN213597911U - Lifting back-off device

Info

Publication number: CN213597911U
Application number: CN202021952545.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈竹; 路尧; 王群琪; 张�成; 杨小辉; 余诗捷; 陈英; 杨成才
Original assignee: XINJIANG SINOPETROLEUM ENGINEERING CO LTD
Current assignee: XINJIANG SINOPETROLEUM ENGINEERING CO LTD; Xinjiang Xinneng Huayou Technology Service Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-09
Filing date: 2020-09-09
Publication date: 2021-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-09

Abstract

The utility model relates to an oil gas field well workover tool technical field in pit is a lift back-off unit, it includes top connection, dabber, press the cap, urceolus, a ratchet section of thick bamboo and guide bar, the dabber is including linkage segment and the transmission section from top to bottom fixed mounting together in proper order, linkage segment upper end outside fixed mounting has the top connection that the upper end is located its top, linkage segment upper portion outside cover that corresponds top connection lower extreme position is equipped with presses the cap, it is equipped with first ring platform to press cap upper end inboard, it is equipped with the second ring platform to correspond the linkage segment lower extreme outside of pressing cap lower extreme position. The utility model has reasonable and compact structure and convenient use, and converts the lifting force of the pipe column into radial torque through the matching of the guide rod and the guide track, thereby realizing the back-off of the lower pipe column; through setting up the last inclined hole that is the slope of low right height form in a left side, make a ratchet section of thick bamboo anticlockwise rotation when lifting the tubular column, make a ratchet section of thick bamboo clockwise turning when transferring the tubular column, have high-efficient, stable and labour saving and time saving's characteristics.

Description

Lifting back-off device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an oil gas field well workover tool technical field in pit is a lift back-off device.

Background

Along with the continuous deepening of oil field development, the pit shaft condition worsens day by day, because the tubular column that causes such as casing deformation, scale deposit and the major diameter instrument deblocking mechanism inefficacy in the tubular column of itself, annular space junk and fracturing measure are improper meets the card phenomenon and takes place occasionally. Under the condition that the action and the shock jam release are invalid, the oil pipe above the jam point is lifted by reversing to form a necessary way for releasing the jam of the pipe column, and the overhaul period and the overhaul cost are directly influenced by the efficiency. At present, the common methods for the pipe column to be reversely buckled when in clamping mainly comprise the following steps: firstly, carrying out back-off treatment on the position of a clamped point through a back-off drill rod; and the other is to use a planetary gear type mechanical back-off tool. In actual use, the left-hand drill pipe well site is not reserved, and when needed, the left-hand drill pipe well site needs to be transported to the well site from other places, so that the transportation cost and the time cost are high. The planetary gear back-off tool has the advantages that due to the limitation of the tool size, the size of the planetary gear is small, the strength is low, the output torque of the whole tool is small, and the back-off operation requirement of large torque cannot be met. In addition, when the existing rotary reversing device is used, the guide device does not move smoothly in the guide groove.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a lift back-off device has overcome above-mentioned prior art not enough, and it can effectively solve current well workover tool back-off unblock process complicacy and the problem that wastes time and energy in the pit.

The technical scheme of the utility model is realized through following measure: a lifting back-off device comprises an upper joint, a mandrel, a pressing cap, an outer cylinder, a ratchet cylinder and a guide rod, wherein the mandrel comprises a connecting section and a transmission section which are sequentially and fixedly installed together from top to bottom, the outer side of the upper end of the connecting section is fixedly provided with the upper joint with the upper end positioned above the upper joint, the outer side of the upper part of the connecting section corresponding to the lower end position of the upper joint is sleeved with the pressing cap, the inner side of the upper end of the pressing cap is provided with a first ring platform, the outer side of the lower end of the pressing cap is provided with a left-handed external thread, the outer side of the lower end of the pressing cap is fixedly provided with the outer cylinder sleeved outside the mandrel through the left-handed external thread, the lower end of the pressing cap is positioned below the mandrel, the inner side of the lower end of the outer cylinder is provided with a limiting inner ring platform, the lower end of the transmission section is positioned on the upper side of the limiting inner, the outer side of the lower end of the outer cylinder is provided with a left-handed external thread; the second ring platform outside cover is equipped with the ratchet section of thick bamboo that is located the urceolus, be equipped with the one-way locking subassembly that can prevent the relative urceolus anticlockwise rotation of ratchet section of thick bamboo between ratchet section of thick bamboo outside and the urceolus, ratchet section of thick bamboo middle part outside distributes along the circumference has at least two inside and outside guide rails that link up, guide rail includes inclined hole and lower perpendicular hole, it is the slope of low right side height form in a left side to go up the inclined hole, go up inclined hole lower extreme and perpendicular hole upper end intercommunication down, the second ring platform outside that corresponds every perpendicular hole lower part position down all is equipped with the locating hole, be equipped with the guide bar that the outer end is located.

The following are further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the utility model:

the one-way locking assembly can comprise an upper ratchet assembly and a lower ratchet assembly, upper ratchets are distributed on the outer side of the upper end of the ratchet barrel along the circumference, lower ratchets are distributed on the outer side of the lower end of the ratchet barrel along the circumference, and the ratchet directions of the upper ratchets and the lower ratchets are both anticlockwise; an upper inner ring groove is arranged on the inner side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the upper ratchet position, an upper ratchet wheel assembly is arranged in the upper inner ring groove and comprises a pawl seat, a pawl shaft and a pawl, the pawl seat is fixedly installed in the upper inner ring groove corresponding to each lower vertical hole, an installation square hole which is communicated with the inside and the outside is arranged in the center of the pawl seat, an upper installation hole which can be communicated with the installation square hole is arranged on the upper side of the pawl seat corresponding to the central position of the upper side of the installation square hole, a lower installation hole which can be communicated with the installation square hole is arranged on the lower side of the pawl seat corresponding to the central position of the lower side of the installation square hole, the pawl matched with the upper ratchet is hinged in the installation square hole through the pawl shaft at the inner end, the upper end of; the inner side of the outer barrel is provided with a lower inner ring groove corresponding to the lower ratchet position, a lower ratchet wheel assembly is arranged in the lower inner ring groove, and the lower ratchet wheel assembly and the upper ratchet wheel assembly are identical in structure and are distributed at intervals up and down.

The upper ratchet wheel assembly can also comprise a pushing and abutting spring, and the pushing and abutting spring capable of pushing the pawl to rotate clockwise is arranged in the mounting square hole corresponding to the position between the pawl seat and the pawl.

The ratchet barrel further comprises an upper bearing assembly and a lower bearing assembly, the upper bearing assembly is sleeved on the outer side of the second ring platform corresponding to the position between the lower end of the pressing cap and the upper end of the ratchet barrel and comprises an upper bearing upper cover and an upper bearing lower cover, the upper bearing upper cover and the upper bearing lower cover are both annular, the upper side of the upper bearing upper cover, the lower side of the upper bearing upper cover and the lower side of the upper bearing lower cover are all planes, and the upper side of the upper bearing lower cover is a raised arc surface; the installation ring groove is formed in the outer side of the lower end of the second ring platform, the lower bearing assembly is sleeved in the installation ring groove and comprises a lower bearing upper cover and a lower bearing lower cover, the lower bearing upper cover and the lower bearing lower cover are both annular, the upper side of the lower bearing upper cover, the upper side of the lower bearing lower cover and the lower side of the lower bearing upper cover are all planes, and the lower side of the lower bearing upper cover is a raised arc surface.

The transmission section can be in a polygon prism shape, and the inner side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the transmission section is provided with a prism hole matched with the outer side of the transmission section.

The transmission section may be in the shape of a regular pentagonal prism.

The shearing device also comprises an O-shaped sealing ring, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the upper joint and the connecting section at an upper and lower interval, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an upper and lower interval, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the pressing cap and the outer barrel at an upper and lower interval, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an upper and lower interval, and at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the shearing pin and the outer barrel at an.

The connector also comprises a fixing screw, the inner side of the lower end of the upper connector and the outer side of the upper end of the connecting section are fixedly installed together through threaded connection, and the fixing screw capable of fixing the connecting section and the upper connector is arranged on the outer side of the lower part of the upper connector.

Five guide rails which are communicated with the inside and the outside can be evenly distributed on the outer side of the middle part of the ratchet barrel along the circumference.

The utility model has reasonable and compact structure and convenient use, and converts the lifting force of the pipe column into radial torque through the matching of the guide rod and the guide track, thereby realizing the back-off of the lower pipe column; by arranging the upper inclined hole which is inclined in a left-low-right-high shape, the ratchet barrel is rotated anticlockwise when the pipe column is lifted up, and the ratchet barrel is rotated clockwise when the pipe column is lowered down; through setting up one-way locking subassembly, drive the urceolus and rotate together when making ratchet section of thick bamboo anticlockwise rotation, the urceolus does not rotate when making ratchet section of thick bamboo clockwise rotation, has high efficiency, stable and labour saving and time saving's characteristics.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view at A-A of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view at B-B of FIG. 1.

Fig. 4 is a front view cross-sectional enlarged structural schematic diagram of the ratchet barrel in fig. 1.

The codes in the figures are respectively: the structure comprises an upper joint 1, a connecting section 2, a transmission section 3, a pressing cap 4, an outer cylinder 5, a ratchet cylinder 6, a guide rod 7, a first ring platform 8, a second ring platform 9, a limiting inner ring platform 10, a shearing pin 11, an upper inclined hole 12, a lower vertical hole 13, an upper ratchet 14, a pawl seat 15, a pawl shaft 16, a pawl 17, a mounting square hole 18, a lower ratchet component 19, an upper bearing upper cover 20, an upper bearing lower cover 21, a lower bearing upper cover 22, a lower bearing lower cover 23, an O-shaped sealing ring 24, a fixing screw 25, a lower ratchet 26 and a pushing spring 27.

Detailed Description

The utility model discloses do not receive the restriction of following embodiment, can be according to the utility model discloses a technical scheme and actual conditions determine concrete implementation.

In the present invention, for convenience of description, the description of the relative position relationship of the components is described according to the layout mode of the attached drawing 1 in the specification, such as: the positional relationship of front, rear, upper, lower, left, right, etc. is determined in accordance with the layout direction of the drawings of the specification.

The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:

as shown in the attached figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the lifting back-off device comprises an upper joint 1, a mandrel, a pressing cap 4, an outer cylinder 5, a ratchet cylinder 6 and a guide rod 7, wherein the mandrel comprises a connecting section 2 and a transmission section 3 which are sequentially and fixedly installed together from top to bottom, the upper joint 1 with the upper end positioned above the connecting section 2 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the upper end of the connecting section 2, the pressing cap 4 is sleeved on the outer side of the upper part of the connecting section 2 corresponding to the lower end position of the upper joint 1, a first ring platform 8 is arranged on the inner side of the upper end of the pressing cap 4, a second ring platform 9 is arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the connecting section 2 corresponding to the lower end position of the pressing cap 4, a left-handed external thread is arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the pressing cap 4, the outer cylinder 5 sleeved on the outer side of the mandrel is fixedly installed on the, the outer side of the transmission section 3 is connected with the inner side of the outer barrel 5 in a transmission way, at least two shearing pins 11 capable of fixedly mounting the mandrel and the outer barrel 5 together are distributed on the outer side of the outer barrel 5 corresponding to the outer side position of the lower end of the transmission section 3 along the circumference, and left-hand external threads are arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the outer barrel 5; the ratchet section of thick bamboo 6 that is located urceolus 5 is overlapped to the second ring platform 9 outside cover, be equipped with between the ratchet section of thick bamboo 6 outside and the urceolus 5 and prevent the relative 5 anticlockwise pivoted one-way locking subassembly of urceolus of ratchet section of thick bamboo 6, the 6 middle part outside of ratchet section of thick bamboo distributes along the circumference has at least two inside and outside guide rails that link up, guide rail includes inclined hole 12 and lower perpendicular hole 13, it is the slope of low right side height form in a left side to go up inclined hole 12, go up inclined hole 12 lower extreme and perpendicular hole 13 upper end intercommunication down, the second ring platform 9 outside that corresponds every perpendicular hole 13 lower part position down all is equipped with the locating hole, be equipped with the guide bar 7 that the outer end is located corresponding. In the use process, the guide rod 7 is matched with the guide track to convert the lifting force of the pipe column into radial torque, so that the lower pipe column is reversely buckled; by arranging the upper inclined hole 12 which is inclined in a left-low-right-high shape, the ratchet barrel 6 is rotated anticlockwise when the pipe column is lifted up, and the ratchet barrel 6 is rotated clockwise when the pipe column is lowered down; by arranging the one-way locking assembly, when the tubular column is lifted up, the ratchet barrel 6 cannot rotate anticlockwise relative to the outer barrel 5, so that the outer barrel 5 rotates anticlockwise along with the ratchet barrel 6, and the lower tubular column is turned over; when the pipe column is lowered, the one-way locking assembly cannot limit the ratchet barrel 6 to rotate clockwise, so that the ratchet barrel 6 rotates clockwise and the outer barrel 5 does not rotate, and the outer barrel 5 is prevented from rotating clockwise to buckle the lower pipe column; by arranging the first annular table 8 and the second annular table 9, the lower end of the first annular table 8 is in contact with the upper end of the second annular table 9 for limiting when the tubular column is lifted upwards, so that the mandrel is prevented from being drawn out of the outer barrel 5; through setting up the left-handed external screw thread, it is not hard up with urceolus 5 to prevent to press cap 4 among the back-off process. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable and compact structure, convenient to use, when avoiding using the complicated and waste time and energy problem of process when left-hand thread drilling rod or planetary gear formula machinery back-off instrument carries out the back-off and unfreezes, have high-efficient, stable and labour saving and time saving's characteristics.

The utility model discloses specific implementation as follows:

(1) connecting the upper end of the upper joint 1 with a pipe column, connecting the lower end of the outer barrel 5 with a fishing tool, and lowering the pipe column to a position meeting resistance, wherein the position of the pipe column is unchanged after the pipe column is repeatedly explored for three times;

(2) lifting the pipe column for 1-2 m, pressurizing the pipe column, flushing the top of the fish through positive circulation workover fluid, stopping the pump and capturing the fish;

(3) lifting the pipe column and shearing the shear pin 11;

(4) the mandrel drives the guide rod 7 to move upwards, so that the guide rod 7 moves from the lower end of the lower vertical hole 13 to the upper end of the upper inclined hole 12, and the outer cylinder 5 rotates anticlockwise along with the ratchet cylinder 6 in the ascending process of the guide rod 7 to complete the reversing of fish falling below;

(5) in the lowering of the pipe column, the mandrel drives the guide rod 7 to move downwards, so that the guide rod 7 moves from the upper end of the upper inclined hole 12 to the lower end of the lower vertical hole 13, and the ratchet barrel 6 rotates clockwise and the outer barrel 5 does not rotate in the descending process of the guide rod 7;

(6) and (5) repeating the steps (4) to (5) until all fish falling below are poured out.

The lifting back-off device can be further optimized or/and improved according to actual needs:

as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the one-way locking assembly comprises an upper ratchet assembly and a lower ratchet assembly 19, upper ratchets 14 are distributed on the outer side of the upper end of the ratchet cylinder 6 along the circumference, lower ratchets 26 are distributed on the outer side of the lower end of the ratchet cylinder 6 along the circumference, and the ratchet directions of the upper ratchets 14 and the lower ratchets 26 are both counterclockwise; an upper inner annular groove is formed in the inner side of the outer cylinder 5 corresponding to the position of an upper ratchet 14, an upper ratchet assembly is arranged in the upper inner annular groove and comprises a pawl seat 15, a pawl shaft 16 and a pawl 17, a pawl seat 15 is fixedly installed in the upper inner annular groove corresponding to the position of each lower vertical hole 13, an installation square hole 18 which is through from inside to outside is formed in the center of the pawl seat 15, an upper installation hole which can be communicated with the installation square hole 18 is formed in the upper side of the pawl seat 15 corresponding to the center of the upper side of the installation square hole 18, a lower installation hole which can be communicated with the installation square hole 18 is formed in the lower side of the pawl seat 15 corresponding to the center of the lower side of the installation square hole 18, a pawl 17 with the inner end matched with the upper ratchet 14 is hinged in the installation square hole 18 through the pawl shaft 16, the upper end of the; a lower inner ring groove is arranged on the inner side of the outer cylinder 5 corresponding to the position of the lower ratchet 26, a lower ratchet wheel assembly 19 is arranged in the lower inner ring groove, and the lower ratchet wheel assembly 19 and the upper ratchet wheel assembly are identical in structure and are distributed at intervals up and down. In the using process, when the pipe column is lifted up, under the action of the pawl 17 and the upper ratchet 14, the ratchet barrel 6 cannot rotate anticlockwise relative to the outer barrel 5, so that the outer barrel 5 rotates anticlockwise along with the ratchet barrel 6, and the reversing of the pipe column below is completed; when the pipe column is placed, the pawl 17 cannot limit the ratchet barrel 6 to rotate clockwise, so that the ratchet barrel 6 rotates clockwise and the outer barrel 5 does not rotate, and the outer barrel 5 is prevented from rotating clockwise to buckle the pipe column below.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the upper ratchet assembly further includes a push spring 27, and the push spring 27 capable of pushing the pawl 17 to rotate clockwise is disposed in the mounting square hole 18 corresponding to the position between the pawl seat 15 and the pawl 17. During use, the pawl 17 is prevented from rotating counterclockwise and being separated from the upper ratchet 14 by providing a push spring 27 to bring contact between the pawl 17 and the upper ratchet 14.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the ratchet barrel further comprises an upper bearing assembly and a lower bearing assembly, the upper bearing assembly is sleeved outside the second annular table 9 corresponding to the position between the lower end of the pressure cap 4 and the upper end of the ratchet barrel 6, the upper bearing assembly comprises an upper bearing upper cover 20 and an upper bearing lower cover 21, the upper bearing upper cover 20 and the upper bearing lower cover 21 are both in a circular ring shape, the upper side of the upper bearing upper cover 20, the lower side of the upper bearing upper cover 20 and the lower side of the upper bearing lower cover 21 are all planes, and the upper side of the upper bearing lower cover 21 is a raised arc surface; the outer side of the lower end of the second annular table 9 is provided with a mounting ring groove, a lower bearing assembly is sleeved in the mounting ring groove and comprises a lower bearing upper cover 22 and a lower bearing lower cover 23, the lower bearing upper cover 22 and the lower bearing lower cover 23 are both annular, the upper side of the lower bearing upper cover 22, the upper side of the lower bearing lower cover 23 and the lower side of the lower bearing upper cover 22 are both planes, and the lower side of the lower bearing upper cover 22 is a raised arc surface. During use, friction is reduced when the ratchet barrel 6 rotates by providing an upper bearing assembly and a lower bearing assembly.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the transmission section 3 is polygonal, and the inner side of the outer cylinder 5 corresponding to the position of the transmission section 3 is provided with a prismatic hole matched with the outer side of the transmission section 3. In use, with this arrangement, the mandrel can be moved axially within the outer cylinder 5 and torque can be transmitted.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the transmission section 3 is in a regular pentagonal prism shape. In use, machining and installation is facilitated by such an arrangement.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the shearing device further comprises an O-shaped sealing ring 24, at least one O-shaped sealing ring 24 is arranged between the upper joint 1 and the connecting section 2 at an upper and lower interval, at least one O-shaped sealing ring 24 is arranged between the first ring platform 8 and the connecting section 2 at an upper and lower interval, at least one O-shaped sealing ring 24 is arranged between the pressing cap 4 and the outer cylinder 5 at an upper and lower interval, at least one O-shaped sealing ring 24 is arranged between the first ring platform 8 and the connecting section 2 at an upper and lower interval, and at least one O-shaped sealing ring 24 is arranged between the shearing pin 11 and the outer cylinder. In the use, guarantee through setting up O shape sealing washer 24 the utility model discloses a leakproofness.

As shown in the attached

drawings

1, 2, 3 and 4, the joint further comprises a fixing screw 25, the inner side of the lower end of the upper joint 1 and the outer side of the upper end of the connecting section 2 are fixedly connected and installed together through threads, and the outer side of the lower part of the upper joint 1 is provided with the fixing screw 25 capable of fixing the connecting section 2 and the upper joint 1. In the using process, the fixing mode of threaded connection is adopted, so that the disassembly and the assembly are convenient; through setting up set screw 25, prevent the utility model discloses it is not hard up with the dabber to connect 1 during the use.

As shown in attached figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, five guide tracks which are internally and externally communicated are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the middle part of the ratchet barrel 6 along the circumference. In the use, through setting up five guide rails, make the utility model discloses it is more reliable and more stable during the use.

Above technical feature constitutes the utility model discloses a best embodiment, it has stronger adaptability and best implementation effect, can increase and decrease unnecessary technical feature according to actual need, satisfies the demand of different situation.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a lift back-off device, its characterized in that includes the top connection, the dabber, press the cap, the urceolus, a ratchet section of thick bamboo and guide bar, the dabber is including linkage segment and the transmission section from top to bottom fixed mounting together in proper order, linkage segment upper end outside fixed mounting has the top connection that the upper end is located its top, the linkage segment upper portion outside that corresponds top connection lower extreme position overlaps and is equipped with and presses the cap, press cap upper end inboard to be equipped with first ring platform, the linkage segment lower extreme outside that corresponds to pressing cap lower extreme position is equipped with the second ring platform, press the cap lower extreme outside to be equipped with left-handed external screw thread, press the cap lower extreme outside to distribute along the circumference and to have at least two can be with dabber and urceolus fixed mounting together cut the urceolus outside the dabber outside and the urceolus below of suit, urceolus lower extreme inboard is equipped with spacing inner ring platform, transmission section lower extreme base in spacing inner ring Cutting pins, wherein left-handed external threads are arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the outer barrel; the second ring platform outside cover is equipped with the ratchet section of thick bamboo that is located the urceolus, be equipped with the one-way locking subassembly that can prevent the relative urceolus anticlockwise rotation of ratchet section of thick bamboo between ratchet section of thick bamboo outside and the urceolus, ratchet section of thick bamboo middle part outside distributes along the circumference has at least two inside and outside guide rails that link up, guide rail includes inclined hole and lower perpendicular hole, it is the slope of low right side height form in a left side to go up the inclined hole, go up inclined hole lower extreme and perpendicular hole upper end intercommunication down, the second ring platform outside that corresponds every perpendicular hole lower part position down all is equipped with the locating hole, be equipped with the guide bar that the outer end is located.

2. The upward lifting back-off device according to claim 1, wherein the one-way locking assembly comprises an upper ratchet assembly and a lower ratchet assembly, upper ratchets are distributed on the outer side of the upper end of the ratchet barrel along the circumference, lower ratchets are distributed on the outer side of the lower end of the ratchet barrel along the circumference, and the ratchet directions of the upper ratchets and the lower ratchets are both counterclockwise; an upper inner ring groove is arranged on the inner side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the upper ratchet position, an upper ratchet wheel assembly is arranged in the upper inner ring groove and comprises a pawl seat, a pawl shaft and a pawl, the pawl seat is fixedly installed in the upper inner ring groove corresponding to each lower vertical hole, an installation square hole which is communicated with the inside and the outside is arranged in the center of the pawl seat, an upper installation hole which can be communicated with the installation square hole is arranged on the upper side of the pawl seat corresponding to the central position of the upper side of the installation square hole, a lower installation hole which can be communicated with the installation square hole is arranged on the lower side of the pawl seat corresponding to the central position of the lower side of the installation square hole, the pawl matched with the upper ratchet is hinged in the installation square hole through the pawl shaft at the inner end, the upper end of; the inner side of the outer barrel is provided with a lower inner ring groove corresponding to the lower ratchet position, a lower ratchet wheel assembly is arranged in the lower inner ring groove, and the lower ratchet wheel assembly and the upper ratchet wheel assembly are identical in structure and are distributed at intervals up and down.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the upper ratchet assembly further comprises a pushing spring, and the pushing spring capable of pushing the pawl to rotate clockwise is disposed in the mounting square hole corresponding to the position between the pawl seat and the pawl.

4. The upward lifting back-off device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, further comprising an upper bearing assembly and a lower bearing assembly, wherein the upper bearing assembly is sleeved outside the second ring platform corresponding to the position between the lower end of the pressing cap and the upper end of the ratchet barrel, the upper bearing assembly comprises an upper bearing upper cover and an upper bearing lower cover, the upper bearing upper cover and the upper bearing lower cover are both circular, the upper side of the upper bearing upper cover, the lower side of the upper bearing upper cover and the lower side of the upper bearing lower cover are all flat surfaces, and the upper side of the upper bearing lower cover is a raised arc surface; the installation ring groove is formed in the outer side of the lower end of the second ring platform, the lower bearing assembly is sleeved in the installation ring groove and comprises a lower bearing upper cover and a lower bearing lower cover, the lower bearing upper cover and the lower bearing lower cover are both annular, the upper side of the lower bearing upper cover, the upper side of the lower bearing lower cover and the lower side of the lower bearing upper cover are all planes, and the lower side of the lower bearing upper cover is a raised arc surface.

5. The upward lifting reversing device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the transmission section is polygonal, and the inner side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the transmission section is provided with a prism hole matched with the outer side of the transmission section.

6. The upward lifting reversing device according to claim 4, wherein the transmission section is polygonal, and the inner side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the transmission section is provided with a prism hole matched with the outer side of the transmission section.

7. The lift-up reversing device according to claim 5, wherein the transmission section has a regular pentagonal prism shape.

8. The upward lifting back-off device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 6 or 7, further comprising O-shaped sealing rings, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the upper joint and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the pressing cap and the outer cylinder at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, and at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the shearing pin and the outer cylinder at an interval; the inner side of the lower end of the upper joint and the outer side of the upper end of the connecting section are fixedly installed together through threaded connection, and the outer side of the lower part of the upper joint is provided with a fixing screw capable of fixing the connecting section and the upper joint; or/and five guide tracks which are communicated with the inside and the outside are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the middle part of the ratchet barrel along the circumference.

9. The upward lifting back-off device according to claim 4, further comprising O-shaped sealing rings, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the upper joint and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the pressing cap and the outer cylinder at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, and at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the shearing pin and the outer cylinder at an interval; the inner side of the lower end of the upper joint and the outer side of the upper end of the connecting section are fixedly installed together through threaded connection, and the outer side of the lower part of the upper joint is provided with a fixing screw capable of fixing the connecting section and the upper joint; or/and five guide tracks which are communicated with the inside and the outside are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the middle part of the ratchet barrel along the circumference.

10. The upward lifting back-off device according to claim 5, further comprising O-shaped sealing rings, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the upper joint and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the pressing cap and the outer cylinder at an interval from top to bottom, at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the first ring platform and the connecting section at an interval from top to bottom, and at least one O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the shearing pin and the outer cylinder at an interval; the inner side of the lower end of the upper joint and the outer side of the upper end of the connecting section are fixedly installed together through threaded connection, and the outer side of the lower part of the upper joint is provided with a fixing screw capable of fixing the connecting section and the upper joint; or/and five guide tracks which are communicated with the inside and the outside are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the middle part of the ratchet barrel along the circumference.