CN213144477U - Transition structure of tunnel portal - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses transition structure at tunnel entrance to a cave belongs to tunnel civil engineering technical field. The tunnel portal is externally connected with the transition structure, and a moving target enters the tunnel through the tunnel portal after entering the transition structure from an inlet. The transition structure can effectively improve the transition problem of external light entering the tunnel in the tunnel portal, solve the problems of black hole and white hole effects and the like inside and outside the tunnel portal, and improve the driving safety and comfort of the tunnel portal.

Description

Transition structure of tunnel portal

Technical Field

The application relates to a transition structure of a tunnel portal, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel civil engineering.

Background

With the rapid development of socioeconomic performance in China, the construction of highways enters the unprecedented development period, and the total mileage of the highways is greatly increased year by year. The highway tunnel is widely adopted in highway traffic construction with the advantages of overcoming height difference, reducing gradient, improving linear standard, shortening mileage, saving land, protecting environment and the like.

When a driver with overlarge difference between the brightness and the light color of the environment inside and outside the tunnel enters a narrow tunnel portal, the problem of light and shade adaptation occurs, so that the driver is difficult to visually recognize or distinguish the traffic environment condition and information of a front road and adopts bad driving behaviors such as sudden deceleration and even braking, and the driver of a rear vehicle cannot timely find the braking behavior of the front vehicle, and traffic accidents such as rear-end collision and the like are easily caused.

In recent years, the scale of the construction of domestic tunnels is increased year by year, accidents in the affected areas of the tunnels are frequent, the severity of the accidents becomes an important restriction factor influencing the family happiness and the social and economic development, at present, scholars at home and abroad pay more and more attention to the problems caused by the light environment transition of the tunnels, particularly the openings, and the traffic safety, and related researches are beneficial to a lot, however, the phenomenon that the civil engineering design and the light environment design of the tunnel portal of the highway are mutually split in the present period generally exists, how to comprehensively consider the geographical, topographic and geological conditions of the portal to be coupled with the light environment design, when the illumination light environment inside and outside the tunnel hole is greatly different and the requirement cannot be met through the light adjusting measure, how to reasonably determine the tunnel hole entrance transition structure, how to construct an optical transition zone for optimizing the driving environment of the tunnel and ensuring the driving safety of the tunnel, there is little research on how to analyze and evaluate the energy-saving indexes of light-reducing structures such as a hole structure in detail, such as comprehensive traffic safety, full-life economy and the like.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problems, the application provides a transition structure of a tunnel portal, which can effectively improve the problem of light transition inside and outside the portal, solve the problems of black hole and white hole effects inside and outside the portal and improve the driving safety and comfort of the tunnel portal.

According to an aspect of the application, a transition structure of tunnel portal is provided, the tunnel portal is external the transition structure, and moving object gets into from the entry the transition structure back warp the tunnel portal gets into highway tunnel, its characterized in that, the transition structure has a fretwork section, along the direction of entry to portal the fretwork section sets up a plurality of printing opacity openings, the opening area that the transition structure has with the reduction of portal distance and degressive, the opening comprises at least one printing opacity opening.

Optionally, the plurality of light-transmitting openings are arranged in at least a single row in a direction from the inlet to the hole, and the light-transmitting openings arranged along the circumferential direction of the transition structure are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the transition structure.

Optionally, the plurality of light-transmitting openings are arranged at the top of the hollow section in a single row from the inlet to the hole, and the opening is composed of one light-transmitting opening.

Optionally, the light-transmitting openings are uniformly distributed along the direction from the inlet to the hole, and the light-transmitting openings are arranged as strip-shaped slits symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the transition structure.

Optionally, the transition structure is in an arch shape, the width of the plurality of light-transmitting openings is the same, and the projection length of the light-transmitting openings projected onto the central axis plane of the transition structure decreases with the decrease of the distance from the hole opening.

Optionally, the projection lengths of two adjacent light-transmitting openings projected onto the central axis plane of the transition structure are a first reduction difference a, the distances between two adjacent light-transmitting openings and the hole are a second reduction difference B, and the first reduction difference a and the second reduction difference B are 1: 3-10.

Optionally, the longitudinal width of the light-transmitting opening extending along the central axis of the transition structure is 0.2-2 m, and the distance between two adjacent light-transmitting openings is 0.2-4 m.

Optionally, the transition structure further comprises a bamboo cutting section, one end of the bamboo cutting section is connected with the hollow section, the other end of the bamboo cutting section is arranged as the inlet, a cross section formed by the inlet is inclined towards the opening direction to form a bamboo cutting opening surface, and a moving target enters the bamboo cutting section and the hollow section from the inlet in sequence and then enters the tunnel through the tunnel opening.

Optionally, the inclination angle of the cut bamboo-shaped opening facing the direction of the hole and the horizontal ground is 20-60 degrees; and/or

The total length of the bamboo chipping section and the hollow-out section is 20-60 m, and the length of the bamboo chipping section accounts for 1/5-1/2 of the total length.

Optionally, the transition structure is integrally built with a lining structure of the tunnel, with a uniform inner contour;

the transition structure further comprises a settlement joint, and the settlement joint is arranged at the joint of the transition structure and the hole; and/or

The transition structure further comprises a filling layer paved on the road surface below and a waterproof layer paved on the filling layer.

Benefits that can be produced by the present application include, but are not limited to:

1. the application provides a transition structure at tunnel entrance to a cave can effectively improve the problem of the inside and outside light transition of entrance to a cave, solves inside and outside "black hole" of entrance to a cave "," white hole "effect scheduling problem, improves the security and the travelling comfort of tunnel entrance to a cave driving.

2. The transition structure of the tunnel portal provided by the application has the advantages that the opening area of the hollow section is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the distance from the portal, the area of the irradiated light can be adjusted, the closer the distance from the portal is, the less the light irradiated into the transition structure is, the closer the light condition is to the light condition in the portal, the smooth light transition zone can be created inside and outside the tunnel portal, the adaptation problem of light and shade during the tunnel portal can be improved,

3. the utility model provides a transition structure of tunnel entrance to a cave, a plurality of printing opacity openings set up along transition structure's axis symmetry, make the light that enters into in the transition structure both sides equal, the light that enters into in the transition structure is along moving target's orbital central evenly distributed that traveles, effectively improve the inside and outside light transition's in entrance to a cave problem, improve driver's travelling comfort, can shine on the basis of entering transition structure guaranteeing light, the simplified structure, and the cost is reduced does benefit to the construction.

4. The application provides a transition structure of tunnel entrance to a cave, according to actual conditions design the printing opacity open-ended longitudinal width of adjustment, interval and the axial projection length in, be favorable to the human adaptation to light, the security and the travelling comfort of very big improvement driving reduce the emergence of accident.

5. The transition structure of tunnel entrance to a cave that this application provided, its luminance outside can reducing the hole solves the outside tunnel hole luminous ambient brightness great technical problem of disparity, can reduce tunnel illumination design luminance, reduces the quantity and the power of the illumination lamps and lanterns of tunnel configuration, reaches energy saving and emission reduction's effect.

6. The application provides a transition structure at tunnel portal, the design of cutting the bamboo section can reduce the luminance before getting into the fretwork section, is favorable to improving the adaptability of the hi-lite that gets into the entry, is favorable to reducing the design of fretwork section moreover, cuts the cooperation setting of bamboo section and fretwork section and has further improved the human adaptation to light.

7. The transition structure of tunnel entrance to a cave that this application provided, the driving speed of transition structure parameter according to environment and design in the tunnel entrance to a cave confirms, suitably adjusts in the within range of this application, according to local conditions to adapt to different tunnel entrance to a cave, improve transition structure's universality.

8. The utility model provides a transition structure of tunnel portal, transition structure and the integrative construction of the lining cutting structure in tunnel can effectively utilize tunnel lining's template platform truck, and the construction of being convenient for saves template cost of manufacture, shortens holistic construction period, is convenient for move in advance, practices thrift construction cost.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic top perspective view of a transition structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transition structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic left side cross-sectional view of a transition structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion C of FIG. 3;

list of parts and reference numerals:

1, an inlet; 2, cutting bamboo sections; 3, hollow-out section; 4 a light-transmitting opening; 5, a central axis; 6, settling seams; 7 a filling layer; 8, waterproof layer; 9, holes are formed; 10 tunnels.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly explain the overall concept of the present application, the following detailed description is given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present application can be more clearly understood, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In addition, in the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or communication; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. In the description herein, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application discloses a transition structure of a tunnel portal, the tunnel portal is externally connected with the transition structure, a moving object enters the transition structure from an entrance 1 and then enters a tunnel 10 through the tunnel portal, the transition structure has a hollow section 3, the hollow section 3 is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting openings 4 along the direction from the entrance 1 to the portal 9, the opening area of the transition structure decreases progressively along with the decrease of the distance from the portal 9, and the opening is composed of at least one light-transmitting opening 4. The problem of light transition inside and outside the hole 9 can be effectively improved, the problems of black hole and white hole effects inside and outside the hole 9 and the like are solved, and the safety and the comfort of driving in the tunnel 10 are improved; the illumination design brightness of the tunnel 10 can be reduced, the number and power of illumination lamps configured in the tunnel 10 can be reduced, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction can be achieved.

The tunnel 10 in the present application is not limited to a highway tunnel, and may be another tunnel 10 that needs to improve the security of the moving target due to the "black hole" and "white hole" effects inside and outside the opening 9. The moving object may be a motor vehicle, but is not limited to a motor vehicle, as long as it is a person or object that passes through the tunnel 10 at a certain speed and that may present light adaptation problems. The following embodiments illustrate the transition structure of the present embodiment by taking a road tunnel and a motor vehicle as examples.

Specifically, the opening of the hollow section 3 enables external light to irradiate into the transition structure, the opening area of the transition structure is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the distance from the opening 9, the setting mode can adjust the area of the irradiated light, and the farther the distance from the opening 9 is, namely the closer the distance from the inlet 1 is, the more the light irradiating into the transition structure is, the closer the light is to the light condition outside the opening 9; the closer to the opening 9, the less light is incident on the transition structure, and the closer to the light conditions in the opening 9. When the moving target drives to enter the transition structure, the light is gradually reduced from the entrance 1 to the opening 9, so that a smooth light transition zone is created inside and outside the opening 9, the light and shade adaptation problem is solved when the tunnel opening is improved, the black hole effect, the white hole effect and other problems are avoided, a driver can gradually adapt to the change of the light inside and outside the opening 9 when the driving vehicle enters the tunnel opening, and the driving safety and comfort of the tunnel opening are improved. Specifically, the opening area of the transition structure decreases with decreasing distance from the hole 9, and the decrease is not limited to decrease as long as the opening area decreases, and preferably decreases uniformly at a constant rate.

Specifically, the same radial region in the circumferential direction of the transition structure may have one or more light-transmitting openings, and the opening area is the area of all the light-transmitting openings in the same radial region in the circumferential direction. The shape, position and specific area value of the light-transmitting opening are not limited.

As an embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the plurality of light transmission openings 4 are arranged in at least a single row in the direction from the inlet 1 to the hole 9, and the light transmission openings 4 arranged along the circumferential direction of the transition structure are symmetrically arranged along the central axis 5 of the transition structure. The plurality of light-transmitting openings 4 may be arranged in a single row along the circumferential direction of the transition structure, or may be arranged in multiple rows, and when the plurality of light-transmitting openings 4 are arranged in a single row, the center line of the light-transmitting openings 4 in the row is located on the central axis 5 of the transition structure; when the light-transmitting openings 4 are arranged in even rows, the rows of the light-transmitting openings 4 are symmetrically distributed on two sides along the central axis 5 of the transition structure, for example, if the light-transmitting openings are arranged in two rows, one row of the light-transmitting openings 4 is symmetrically distributed on each of two sides of the central axis 5 of the transition structure; when the light transmission openings 4 are arranged in odd rows of three or more rows, the central line of one row of light transmission openings 4 is located on the central axis 5 of the transition structure, and the rows of the remaining light transmission openings 4 are symmetrically distributed on two sides along the central axis 5 of the transition structure, for example, if the light transmission openings are arranged in three rows, one row of light transmission openings 4 is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis 5 of the transition structure, and the central line of the other row of light transmission openings 4 is overlapped with the central axis 5 of the transition structure. Light enters the transition structure through the light-transmitting opening 4, the arrangement mode is equal when being favorable for entering light in two sides of the transition structure, one side is bright, the other side is dark, the problem of light transition inside and outside the opening 9 is effectively improved, and the comfort of a driver is improved.

As a preferred embodiment, the plurality of light-transmitting openings 4 are arranged in a single row at the top of the hollow section 3 in the direction from the inlet 1 to the hole 9, the center line of the plurality of light-transmitting openings 4 arranged in the single row coincides with the central axis 5 at the top of the hollow section 3, and the opening is composed of one light-transmitting opening 4. This mode of setting up is favorable to in the direct irradiation of light advances transition structure, and printing opacity opening 4 sets up at 3 tops of fretwork section, then no matter external environment is how, all can let during the even irradiation of light advances transition structure, and the light that gets into in the transition structure is along moving target's orbital central evenly distributed that traveles, and one side can not appear brightly, and the condition that one side is slightly dark further improves driving safety. Further, the opening is by the setting that a printing opacity opening 4 is constituteed, and the shaping of the fretwork section of being convenient for can be on guaranteeing that light shines into transition structure's basis, and the simplified structure, reduce cost does benefit to the construction.

As an embodiment, the plurality of light transmission openings 4 are uniformly distributed along the direction from the inlet 1 to the hole 9, and the light transmission openings 4 are arranged as strip-shaped slits symmetrically arranged along the central axis 5 of the transition structure. A plurality of printing opacity openings 4 are the strip gap that sets up along 5 symmetries of transition structure axis at the transition structure top, are favorable to the shaping of fretwork section 3, and every strip gap is in transition structure top evenly distributed, further guarantees to shine the homogeneity of the light into in the transition structure, makes the driver of driving the vehicle adapt to tunnel 10 environment gradually, is convenient for go safely.

As an embodiment, the transition structure is in an arch shape, the widths of the plurality of light transmission openings 4 are the same, and the projection lengths of the light transmission openings 4 projected to the central axial plane of the transition structure are decreased gradually along with the distance from the hole 9. The transition structure is arched and is matched with the shape of the opening 9, so that the transition structure is beneficial to butt joint with the opening 9 and convenient to construct; on the other hand, the arched design is stable, particularly, when the transition structure is in rainy and snowy weather, rain and snow timely slide to the ground on two sides from the top of the transition structure, deposition of rain and snow can not be caused, and long-term use is facilitated. The width of a plurality of printing opacity openings 4 equals to its projection length of projecting to the axial plane of transition structure is steadilyd decrease along with the reduction of hole 9 apart from, guarantee that the opening area of a plurality of printing opacity openings 4 reduces along with the reduction of hole 9 apart from promptly, be close to hole 9 more, shine into transition structure's light less, enable the light condition of driver adaptation tunnel 10 gradually, and because this setting is close to hole 9 light and is darkened gradually more, consequently tunnel 10 need not set up too much lamp and simulate the illumination condition outside hole 9, so can reduce tunnel 10's illumination energy consumption, practice thrift the cost.

As an embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the projection lengths of two adjacent light-transmitting openings 4 projected to the central axis plane of the transition structure are a first reduction difference a, the distances from the two adjacent light-transmitting openings 4 to the hole 9 are a second reduction difference B, and the first reduction difference a and the second reduction difference B are 1: 3-10. The coupling design of the tunnel portal and the light environment is fully considered, so that the projection length of the light-transmitting opening 4 on the middle axial plane is not randomly reduced along with the reduction of the distance from the tunnel portal 9, but is regularly reduced according to a certain difference value, the light-transmitting opening is reduced in an equal proportion according to the difference value, the light-transmitting opening is more beneficial to the adaptation of a human body to light, the driving safety and comfort are greatly improved, and the occurrence of accidents is reduced.

In one embodiment, the light transmission openings 4 have a longitudinal width extending along the central axis 5 of the transition structure of 0.2 to 2 meters, and the distance between two adjacent light transmission openings 4 is 0.2 to 4 meters. The width of the light-transmitting opening 4 and the distance between two adjacent light-transmitting openings 4 can be adjusted relatively according to the conditions of the terrain and the landform of the tunnel opening, the brightness outside the tunnel, the designed driving speed and the like, and the light-transmitting openings are adjusted in the optimal range, so that the driving safety is ensured.

As an implementation mode, the transition structure further comprises a bamboo cutting section 2, one end of the bamboo cutting section 2 is connected with the hollow section 3, the other end of the bamboo cutting section is provided as an inlet 1, a cross section formed by the inlet 1 inclines towards the direction of the hole 9 to form a bamboo cutting-shaped opening surface, and a moving object enters the bamboo cutting section 2 and the hollow section 3 from the inlet 1 in sequence and then enters the tunnel 10 through the hole 9. This setting mode can be in 2 regional planting trees or flowers and plants of cutting bamboo section, reduces the luminance outside the hole, solves the technical problem that the luminance difference is big outside the 10 holes in tunnel, and the design of cutting the bamboo section can reduce the luminance before getting into the fretwork section, is favorable to improving the adaptability of the hi-lite that gets into the entry, is favorable to reducing the design of fretwork section moreover, cuts the cooperation setting of bamboo section and fretwork section and has further improved the human adaptation to light. The further bamboo-cut opening design can play a certain buffering role, when a moving target drives to the tunnel 10, certain air flow can be caused, the hole 9 can be impacted, the bamboo-cut segment 2 design can dissolve the air flow, the impact on the hole 9 is reduced, and the tunnel hole is favorably stabilized.

As an implementation mode, the inclination angle of the cut bamboo-shaped opening facing the direction of the hole 9 and the horizontal ground is 20-60 degrees, the total length of the cut bamboo section 2 and the hollow section 3 is 20-60 meters, and the length of the cut bamboo section 2 accounts for 1/5-1/2 of the total length. The inclination angle of the bamboo-cutting opening facing the direction of the tunnel opening 9 and the horizontal ground, the total length of the bamboo-cutting section 2 and the hollow section 3 and the proportion of the length of the bamboo-cutting section 2 to the total length are determined according to the internal and external environments of the tunnel opening and the designed driving speed, and the bamboo-cutting opening is properly adjusted in the range according to local conditions so as to adapt to different tunnel openings and improve the universality of the transition structure.

As an embodiment, the transition structure is built integrally with the lining structure of the tunnel 10, preferably with a uniform, i.e. flush, inner contour. For example, concrete is poured on a steel bar frame with a specific shape to be built, and concrete is not poured at a position where a light-transmitting opening needs to be left. When the tunnel 10 is designed, specific parameters of the bamboo cutting sections 2 and the hollow sections 3 in the transition structure are determined according to actual conditions, and the template trolley lined in the tunnel 10 can be effectively utilized when the tunnel 10 and the transition structure are integrally built, so that construction is facilitated, the template manufacturing cost is saved, the whole construction period is shortened, operation in advance is facilitated, and the construction cost is saved.

As an implementation mode, the transition structure further comprises a settlement joint 6, and the settlement joint 6 is arranged at the joint of the transition structure and the hole 9; the design of subsiding crack 6 does benefit to the holistic security of tunnel entrance to a cave and transition structure, improves the wholeness and the stability of tunnel entrance to a cave, reduces tunnel 10 or subsides the deformation of structure, has pleasing to the eye and economic effect concurrently, further can also prolong the life of tunnel 10 and transition structure, reduces the maintenance work of tunnel 10 operation phase, reduces the maintenance expense.

As an embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the transition structure further comprises a lower road-surfacing filler layer 7 and a waterproof layer 8 laid above the filler layer 7. This filling layer 7 can protect the underground cable, can also make ground heat balanced, and the vehicle is when ground driving friction produced the heat, and the condition that a certain regional heat is concentrated can not appear, maintains the security of vehicle, improves transition structure's life. The waterproof layer 8 can prevent rainwater or groundwater from leaking, and the service life of the transition structure is prolonged.

The following illustrates the design and use of the present transition structure, but the specific parameters of the transition structure are not limited to this example. Taking the terrain to be flat, the design situation speed is 100 kilometers per hour as an example, the total length of the transition structure is designed to be 40 meters, the length of the bamboo cutting section 2 is 8 meters, the inclination angle of the bamboo cutting-shaped opening facing the direction of the hole opening 9 and the horizontal ground is 30 degrees, the length of the hollow section 3 is 32 meters, the number of the light-transmitting openings 4 at the top of the hollow section 3 is 10, the longitudinal width of each light-transmitting opening 4 expanded along the central axis 5 is 1 meter, the distance between two adjacent light-transmitting openings 4 is 2 meters, the light-transmitting openings are strip-shaped gaps symmetrically arranged along the central axis 5 of the transition structure and are uniformly distributed along the top of the hollow section 3 in a single row, and the proportion of a first reduction difference A of the projection lengths of the two adjacent light-transmitting openings 4 to the central axis of the transition structure to a second reduction difference B of the distances from the two adjacent light-transmitting openings 4 to the hole opening. The designed transition structure and the tunnel portal are integrally built, and a driving vehicle sequentially passes through the bamboo cutting section 2 and the hollow section 3 from the entrance 1 and then enters the tunnel 10 through the portal 9.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.

The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The transition structure of the tunnel portal is externally connected with the transition structure, a moving target enters the transition structure from an inlet and then enters a tunnel through the tunnel portal, and the transition structure is characterized by comprising a hollow section, a plurality of light-transmitting openings are arranged in the hollow section along the direction from the inlet to the portal, the opening area of the transition structure is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the distance from the entrance to the portal, and the opening is composed of at least one light-transmitting opening.

2. The transition structure of a tunnel portal according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said light-transmissive openings are arranged in at least a single row in a direction from the entrance to the portal, said light-transmissive openings arranged along the circumference of said transition structure being symmetrically arranged along the central axis of said transition structure.

3. The transition structure of a tunnel portal according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of said light-transmitting openings are arranged in a single row at the top of said hollowed-out section from the entrance to the portal, said opening consisting of one light-transmitting opening.

4. The transition structure of a tunnel portal according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of said light-transmitting openings are uniformly distributed along said portal-to-portal direction, said light-transmitting openings being arranged as strip-shaped slits symmetrically arranged along a central axis of said transition structure.

5. The transition structure of a tunnel portal in accordance with claim 4, wherein said transition structure is arched, a plurality of said light-transmitting openings have the same width, and a projection length of said light-transmitting openings projected onto a medial surface of said transition structure decreases with decreasing distance from said portal.

6. The transition structure of the tunnel portal according to claim 5, wherein the projection lengths of two adjacent light-transmitting openings projected to the central axial plane of the transition structure are a first reduction difference A, the distances from two adjacent light-transmitting openings to the portal are a second reduction difference B, and the first reduction difference A and the second reduction difference B are 1: 3-10.

7. The transition structure of a tunnel portal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the light-transmitting openings have a longitudinal width extending along a central axis of the transition structure of 0.2 to 2 m, and a distance between two adjacent light-transmitting openings is 0.2 to 4 m.

8. The transition structure of the tunnel portal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a bamboo cutting section, wherein one end of the bamboo cutting section is connected to the hollow section, the other end is provided as the entrance, the cross section formed by the entrance is inclined toward the portal direction to form a bamboo cutting opening surface, and the moving object enters the bamboo cutting section and the hollow section in sequence from the entrance and then enters the tunnel through the tunnel portal.

9. The transition structure of a tunnel portal according to claim 8, wherein the inclination angle of the cut bamboo-like opening facing the portal direction and the horizontal ground is 20 ° to 60 °;

the total length of the bamboo chipping section and the hollow-out section is 20-60 m, and the length of the bamboo chipping section accounts for 1/5-1/2 of the total length.

10. The transition structure of a tunnel portal according to claim 8, wherein said transition structure is integrally built with a lining structure of said tunnel, with a uniform inner contour;

the transition structure further comprises a settlement joint, and the settlement joint is arranged at the joint of the transition structure and the hole; and/or

The transition structure also comprises a filling layer paved on the road surface below and a waterproof layer paved on the filling layer.

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