CN212645338U - A single or multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device for titanium and titanium alloys - Google Patents
A single or multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device for titanium and titanium alloys Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种钛及钛合金的单或者多电极真空自耗电弧熔炼装置。本实用新型的钛及钛合金熔炼装置，可以利用顺序结晶和分凝效应，脱除铸锭中分配系数不等于1的金属杂质，脱除液态金属中的氢、氧、杂质。可以使用小型电极熔铸生产大型、超大型铸锭，直接以散碎的回炉料熔铸大规格铸锭。克服传统自耗电弧炉电极制备工序繁杂，设备投资大，不能直接回收钛及钛合金回炉料难题。具有熔铸效率高、设备投资小，生产操作简便，金属损耗小，能耗低的优点。
The utility model discloses a single or multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc smelting device for titanium and titanium alloys. The titanium and titanium alloy smelting device of the utility model can utilize sequential crystallization and segregation effect to remove metal impurities whose distribution coefficient is not equal to 1 in the ingot, and remove hydrogen, oxygen and impurities in liquid metal. Small-sized electrodes can be used to produce large-scale and super-large ingots, and large-scale ingots can be directly cast with scattered return materials. Overcome the complex electrode preparation process of traditional consumable electric arc furnaces, large equipment investment, and the inability to directly recycle titanium and titanium alloy return materials. It has the advantages of high melting and casting efficiency, small equipment investment, simple production operation, small metal loss and low energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a founding device for titanium and titanium alloy founding process belongs to non ferrous metal processing technology field, especially relates to a single or multielectrode vacuum consumable arc melting device of titanium and titanium alloy.
Background
Titanium is a refractory active metal, the melting point is 1668 ℃, the melting temperature is generally 1800-2000 ℃, and the flame temperature of a common fuel flame furnace cannot meet the requirements of the melting process of titanium and titanium alloy. The smelting temperature of titanium and titanium alloy exceeds the limit service temperature of the commonly used siliceous, magnesian and high-alumina refractory materials, and the commonly used refractory furnace lining cannot contain titanium and titanium alloy melt. At high temperature, titanium has extremely strong chemical activity, can deprive oxygen from refractory material lining oxide, can generate violent chemical reaction with media such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, water and the like in the surrounding environment to form titanium oxide, nitride and carbide to pollute titanium melt, and hydrogenate titanium and titanium alloy to cause the alloy to generate hydrogen embrittlement. The conventional smelting device, smelting technology and smelting method cannot be used for smelting and cannot be used for obtaining qualified titanium alloy ingots.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a single or multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device of titanium and titanium alloy aiming at the defects.
The above purpose is realized by the following scheme: the titanium and titanium alloy raw materials to be melted are mixed, pressed and welded into the consumable electrode with small specification and size which meets the process requirements, taking a small-size consumable electrode as a cathode and a water-cooled crystallizer as an anode, adding scattered scrap returns between the consumable electrodes through a feed inlet, introducing direct current, under the action of high temperature of the direct current electric arc, the scattered scrap returns and the lower end of the consumable metal electrode are rapidly melted to form metal liquid drops, when the liquid metal passes through the electric arc area with the temperature of 4000-, in the process of alloy solidification, the alloy is further purified and purified according to the solubility difference, the density difference and the segregation effect, and finally titanium and titanium alloy ingots with uniform components are obtained.
The multi-electrode vacuum self-consuming electric arc smelting and casting device for titanium and titanium alloy is composed of a water-cooled crucible 1, a water jacket 2, a crucible water inlet 3, a crucible water outlet 4, an arc stabilizing coil 5, a crucible bracket 6, an ingot 7, liquid metal 8, an arc area 9, a consumable electrode 10, an anode cable 11, a furnace body 12, an inspection manhole 13, a vacuum system pumping hole 14, an observation hole 15, a cathode cable 16, a cable chuck 17, an electrode distance adjusting device 18, an electrode bracket 19, an electrode guide rod 20, a dynamic seal box 21, an electrode chuck 22, an electrode lifting device 23, a furnace pit 24 and the like. The structural schematic diagram of the titanium and titanium alloy single-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device is shown in figure 1, and the structural schematic diagram of the titanium and titanium alloy multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device is shown in figure 2.
The apparatus is characterized in that the arc melting apparatus can be used for single-electrode melting of titanium and titanium alloy ingots, or for multi-electrode melting of titanium and titanium alloy ingots. And a single electrode is used for casting small-specification ingots with the diameter less than 100mm, and a multi-electrode is used for casting large-specification ingots with the diameter more than 100 mm. The small electrode preparation device can be used for preparing small-specification electrodes, and large and ultra-large ingots can be produced by casting.
The consumable arc melting device is characterized in that the consumable arc melting device can directly melt and cast large-size ingots by directly taking scattered scrap returns as raw materials. The method solves the problems that the traditional consumable electrode arc furnace has complicated electrode preparation process and large equipment investment and can not directly recover titanium and titanium alloy scrap returns.
The apparatus is characterized in that the furnace body 12 is used for accommodating the consumable electrode 10 and forming a closed vacuum space isolated from the surrounding atmosphere. The furnace body 12 is required to have good air tightness, and is convenient to connect and detach with the lower water-cooled crucible 1 and convenient to operate. An inspection manhole 13 and a vacuum system extraction opening 14 are arranged on the furnace body 12. The observation port 15 is installed on the furnace body 12, and each furnace is at least symmetrically provided with 2 sets of observation devices and remote observation devices for observing the arc combustion condition, the smelting condition and the electrode welding condition.
The device is characterized in that a vacuum system generally comprises a 3-8 stage vacuum pump (not shown in the figure), the vacuum system is used for keeping vacuum in a closed space formed by the furnace body 12 and the water-cooled crucible 1 all the time, and the vacuum degree in the normal smelting process is 0.001-1.3 Pa.
The device is characterized in that the electrode device consists of a consumable electrode 10, a cable clamp 17, a pole distance adjusting device 18, an electrode bracket 19, an electrode guide rod 20, a dynamic seal box 21, an electrode clamp 22 and an electrode lifting device 23, and the electrode device is used for clamping the consumable electrode, adjusting the lifting of the electrode in the smelting and feeding processes and controlling the smelting voltage. The smelting power system typically employs a dc power supply to keep the arc stable during the smelting process (not shown).
The device is characterized in that the water-cooled crucible 1 comprises a crucible copper sleeve 1a, a water jacket 2, a crucible water inlet 3, a crucible water outlet 4, a stable arc wire coil 5, a crucible bracket 6, an anode cable 11 and the like. The crucible copper sleeve 1a is generally composed of a thick-wall copper pipe, and the crucible water cooling device (not shown in the figure) generally comprises a set of process cooling water system and a set of emergency security cooling system. The cooling water system not only provides cooling for the water-cooled crucible 1, but also provides cooling for the furnace body 12, the electrode clamping, the cable clamp 17, the electrode guide rod 20, the dynamic seal box 21, the electrode clamp 22 and other parts, and emergency water stored in the emergency security cooling system must be enough to cool the titanium ingot to be below the safe temperature.
According to the device, the arc stabilizing coil 5 is introduced with direct current or alternating current, and the side arc of the main arc area 9 is reduced by using an axial magnetic field generated in the coil, so that the effect of stabilizing the arc of the main arc area 9 is achieved. And the liquid metal 8 in the molten pool can rotate to play a role in stirring, thereby being beneficial to impurity diffusion and being beneficial to uniform alloy components. The stirring can also break dendritic crystals, and the effect of refining ingot casting tissues is achieved. The arc stabilizer coil 5 is typically immersed in the cooling water of the water jacket 2 to reduce heat generation.
According to the above device, it is characterized in that the arc zone 9 is the heat energy source of the melting device, and the electric arc is composed of three parts of a cathode zone, an arc column zone and an anode zone. The cathode region is composed of a positive ion layer and cathode spots near the end face of the electrode, electrons are concentrated at the cathode spots and are emitted outwards under the action of an electric field of the positive ion layer, arc discharge is generated, and the temperature of the cathode region is generally 1750-1800 ℃. The arc column zone is located between the cathode zone and the anode zone, and is a neutral and high-temperature plasma zone consisting of electrons and ions, the temperature of the zone is 4500-. The anode region is positioned on the surface of the anode, the temperature rise mainly depends on continuous and high-speed bombardment of high-speed electrons and negative ion flow emitted by the cathode region, the temperature is 1800-1900 ℃, and the temperature of the anode region influences the depth of a molten pool 8, the solidification and crystallization process of the cast ingot 7 and the purification effect of the cast ingot.
The device is characterized in that the smelting process is a directional continuous process, metal droplets at the lower end part of a consumable electrode 10 move downwards to enter an arc column area 9 under the action of gravity, electromagnetic force and arc discharge impact force, low-melting-point impurities and dissolved gas in the droplets are volatilized under the action of high temperature of 4500-4900 ℃ in the arc column area, the metal droplets are pumped away by a vacuum system to play a role in purifying and purifying the metal, and the purified metal is converged into a liquid metal molten pool 8.
According to the above-mentioned apparatus, characterized by that, the molten metal purified by high-temperature arc column zone 9, come into the molten metal bath 8 of the anode zone, take place the solidification process of the molten metal in the bottom of the molten bath 8, influenced by factors such as gas solubility reduction of rapid cooling action, etc., the gas that originally dissolves in the molten metal and is not removed continues to spill over from the molten metal and crystallization front. The non-metal impurities in the molten metal are floated and removed under the action of the density difference. The purification effect can remove water, metal magnesium, magnesium chloride, titanium subchlorides, most hydrogen dissolved in the titanium and partial iron and silicon in the titanium brought by the raw materials.
According to the device, the solidification of titanium and titanium alloy is upwards solidified from the bottom of the cast ingot 7 in sequence, according to the segregation benefit, impurity elements such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Mg and the like in the alloy are enriched at the pouring gate part of the cast ingot 7, impurity elements such as C, N, O, Nb, Mo and the like are enriched at the head part of the cast ingot 7, and the quality of the cast ingot 7 in the middle part can be ensured by peeling and cutting off the head and tail parts of the cast ingot.
The device is characterized in that the multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting and casting device adopting titanium and titanium alloy has the advantages of low power consumption and less metal loss, and the metal loss of titanium is generally not more than 1%.
According to the device, the electric arc melting is carried out under the vacuum condition, the melting process has the characteristics of high temperature and low pressure, the refining processes of degassing, deoxidation, impurity removal and the like of liquid metal can be realized by utilizing the evaporation effect, and the purification of the molten metal is realized.
Use the utility model discloses a device is smelted to multi-electrode vacuum consumable electric arc of titanium and titanium alloy can utilize order crystallization and dephlegmation benefit, and the distribution coefficient is not equal to 1 metallic impurity in the desorption ingot casting, can utilize electric arc melting to have high temperature, vacuum characteristics, hydrogen, oxygen, impurity in the desorption liquid metal can produce and satisfy the later process requirement, high-quality titanium and titanium alloy ingot casting. The single-electrode and multi-electrode fusion casting titanium and titanium alloy ingots can be used, small-size electrodes can be prepared by using a small-size electrode preparation device, and large and ultra-large ingots can be produced by fusion casting. The large-size cast ingot can be directly cast by directly taking the scattered scrap returns as raw materials. The method solves the problems that the traditional consumable electrode arc furnace has complicated electrode preparation process and large equipment investment and can not directly recover titanium and titanium alloy scrap returns. The device has the advantages of high casting production efficiency, relatively small equipment investment, simple and convenient production operation, small metal loss in the production process and low energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a single-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device for titanium and titanium alloys
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting apparatus for titanium and titanium alloys.
Detailed Description
The single or multi-electrode vacuum self-consuming electric arc melting and casting device for titanium and titanium alloy has the following working principle: the titanium and titanium alloy raw materials to be melted are mixed, pressed and welded into the consumable electrode with small specification and size which meets the process requirements, taking a small-size consumable electrode as a cathode and a water-cooled crystallizer as an anode, adding scattered scrap returns between the consumable electrodes through a feed inlet, introducing direct current, under the action of high temperature of the direct current electric arc, the scattered scrap returns and the lower end of the consumable metal electrode are rapidly melted to form metal liquid drops, when the liquid metal passes through the electric arc area with the temperature of 4000-, in the process of alloy solidification, the alloy is further purified and purified according to the solubility difference, the density difference and the segregation effect, and finally titanium and titanium alloy ingots with uniform components are obtained.
The single or multiple electrode vacuum self-consuming electric arc smelting and casting device for titanium and titanium alloy is composed of water-cooled crucible 1, water jacket 2, crucible water inlet 3, crucible water outlet 4, arc stabilizing coil 5, crucible bracket 6, cast ingot 7, liquid metal 8, arc zone 9, consumable electrode 10, anode cable 11, furnace body 12, manhole 13, vacuum system exhaust port 14, observation port 15, cathode cable 16, cable chuck 17, electrode distance regulator 18, electrode support 19, electrode guide rod 20, dynamic seal box 21, electrode chuck 22, electrode lifting device 23 and furnace pit 24. The structural schematic diagram of the titanium and titanium alloy single-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device is shown in figure 1, and the structural schematic diagram of the titanium and titanium alloy multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device is shown in figure 2.
The device can use single electrode melt casting titanium and titanium alloy ingots, and also can use multi-electrode melt casting titanium and titanium alloy ingots. And a single electrode is used for casting small-specification ingots with the diameter less than 100mm, and a multi-electrode is used for casting large-specification ingots with the diameter more than 100 mm. The small electrode preparation device can be used for preparing small-specification electrodes, and large and ultra-large ingots can be produced by casting. The large-size cast ingot can be directly cast by directly taking the scattered scrap returns as raw materials. The method solves the problems that the traditional consumable electrode arc furnace has complicated electrode preparation process and large equipment investment and can not directly recover titanium and titanium alloy scrap returns.
The furnace body 12 serves to house the consumable electrode 10 and form a closed vacuum space isolated from the surrounding atmosphere. The furnace body 12 is required to have good air tightness, and is convenient to connect and detach with the lower water-cooled crucible 1 and convenient to operate. An inspection manhole 13 and a vacuum system extraction opening 14 are arranged on the furnace body 12. The observation port 15 is installed on the furnace body 12, and each furnace is at least symmetrically provided with 2 sets of observation devices and remote observation devices for observing the arc combustion condition, the smelting condition and the electrode welding condition.
The vacuum system is generally composed of a 3-8 stage vacuum pump (not shown in the figure), and the vacuum system is used for keeping vacuum in a closed space formed by the furnace body 12 and the water-cooled crucible 1 all the time, and the vacuum degree in the normal smelting process is 0.001-1.3 Pa.
The electrode device comprises a consumable electrode 10, a cable clamp 17, a pole distance adjusting device 18, an electrode bracket 19, an electrode guide rod 20, a dynamic seal box 21, an electrode clamp 22 and an electrode lifting device 23, and is used for clamping the consumable electrode, adjusting the lifting of the electrode in the smelting and feeding processes and controlling the smelting voltage. The smelting power system typically employs a dc power supply to keep the arc stable during the smelting process (not shown).
The water-cooled crucible 1 comprises a crucible copper sleeve 1a, a water jacket 2, a crucible water inlet 3, a crucible water outlet 4, a stable arc wire coil 5, a crucible bracket 6, an anode cable 11 and the like. The crucible copper sleeve 1a is generally composed of a thick-wall copper pipe, and the crucible water cooling device (not shown in the figure) generally comprises a set of process cooling water system and a set of emergency security cooling system. The cooling water system not only provides cooling for the water-cooled crucible 1, but also provides cooling for the furnace body 12, the electrode clamping, the cable clamp 17, the electrode guide rod 20, the dynamic seal box 21, the electrode clamp 22 and other parts, and emergency water stored in the emergency security cooling system must be enough to cool the titanium ingot to be below the safe temperature.
Direct current or alternating current is introduced into the arc stabilizing coil 5, and the side arc of the main arc area 9 is reduced by using an axial magnetic field generated in the coil, so that the effect of stabilizing the electric arc of the main arc area 9 is achieved. And the liquid metal 8 in the molten pool can rotate to play a role in stirring, thereby being beneficial to impurity diffusion and being beneficial to uniform alloy components. The stirring can also break dendritic crystals, and the effect of refining ingot casting tissues is achieved. The arc stabilizer coil 5 is typically immersed in the cooling water of the water jacket 2 to reduce heat generation.
The arc zone 9 is the heat energy source of the smelting device, and the electric arc is composed of a cathode zone, an arc column zone and an anode zone. The cathode region is composed of a positive ion layer and cathode spots near the end face of the electrode, electrons are concentrated at the cathode spots and are emitted outwards under the action of an electric field of the positive ion layer, arc discharge is generated, and the temperature of the cathode region is generally 1750-1800 ℃. The arc column zone is located between the cathode zone and the anode zone, and is a neutral and high-temperature plasma zone consisting of electrons and ions, the temperature of the zone is 4500-. The anode region is positioned on the surface of the anode, the temperature rise mainly depends on continuous and high-speed bombardment of high-speed electrons and negative ion flow emitted by the cathode region, the temperature is 1800-1900 ℃, and the temperature of the anode region influences the depth of a molten pool 8, the solidification and crystallization process of the cast ingot 7 and the purification effect of the cast ingot.
The smelting process is a directional continuous process, the metal liquid drops at the lower end part of the consumable electrode 10 move downwards to enter the arc column area 9 under the action of gravity, electromagnetic force and arc discharge impact force, the low-melting-point inclusion and dissolved gas in the liquid drops volatilize under the action of high temperature of 4500-4900 ℃ in the arc column area and are pumped away by a vacuum system to play the roles of purifying and refining the metal, and the purified metal is converged into the liquid metal molten pool 8.
The molten metal purified by the high-temperature arc column zone 9 is converged into the molten metal pool 8 of the anode zone, the solidification process of the molten metal occurs at the bottom of the molten pool 8, the gas which is originally dissolved in the molten metal and is not removed is influenced by factors such as reduction of gas solubility under the action of rapid cooling, and the like, and the gas continuously overflows from the molten metal and the front edge of crystallization. The non-metal impurities in the molten metal are floated and removed under the action of the density difference. The purification effect can remove water, metal magnesium, magnesium chloride, titanium subchlorides, most hydrogen dissolved in the titanium and partial iron and silicon in the titanium brought by the raw materials.
The solidification of titanium and titanium alloy is upwards solidified from the bottom of the cast ingot 7 in sequence, according to the segregation benefit, impurity elements such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Mg and the like in the alloy are enriched at the pouring gate part of the cast ingot 7, impurity elements such as C, N, O, Nb, Mo and the like are enriched at the head part of the cast ingot 7, and the quality of the cast ingot 7 in the middle part can be ensured by peeling and cutting off the head and tail parts of the cast ingot.
The multi-electrode vacuum consumable electric arc melting and casting device adopting titanium and titanium alloy has the advantages of low power consumption and less metal loss, and the loss of titanium metal is generally not more than 1%.
The electric arc melting is carried out under the vacuum condition, the melting process has the characteristics of high temperature and low pressure, the refining processes of degassing, deoxidation, impurity removal and the like of liquid metal can be realized by utilizing the evaporation effect, and the purification of the molten metal is realized.
The multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device for titanium and titanium alloy has the following working process:
the dried titanium sponge, the titanium residue after selection and purification treatment and alloy elements or intermediate alloy are uniformly mixed according to the proportion required by the ingredients, and the content of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in all the raw materials must be low.
Pressing the prepared furnace charge into a block electrode on a molding press, wherein the block electrode is required to have enough strength, conductivity, flatness, uniform distribution of alloy elements in the electrode, no moisture and no pollution, and welding the block electrode into a consumable electrode. The self-consuming electrode is used as a negative electrode and mounted on the electrode rod. Laying arc striking materials at the bottom of the water-cooled crystallizer, generating electric arc between the consumable electrode and the arc striking materials under the protection of vacuum or inert gas, and adjusting the distance between the electrode and the bottom of the crystallizer until a stable arc column area is formed between the electrodes. The cathode-melted metal passes through the arc column area in the form of liquid drops, the generated gas and easily evaporated impurities are removed under the action of the high-temperature and vacuum environment of the arc column area, and the purified metal liquid enters the crucible and is solidified into an ingot.
And entering the later stage of smelting, namely entering the stage of ingot capping and feeding, so as to reduce the tail shrinkage and loosening of the head of the ingot and reduce the head cutting amount of the ingot. And entering a capping period, and adjusting the current to one third of the normal current and gradually to one tenth of the normal current. And after the capping is finished, cooling the cast ingot to below 400 ℃ and discharging.
Use the utility model discloses a device is smelted to multi-electrode vacuum consumable electric arc of titanium and titanium alloy can utilize order crystallization and dephlegmation benefit, and the distribution coefficient is not equal to 1 metallic impurity in the desorption ingot casting, can utilize electric arc melting to have high temperature, vacuum characteristics, hydrogen, oxygen, impurity in the desorption liquid metal can produce and satisfy the later process requirement, high-quality titanium and titanium alloy ingot casting. The single-electrode and multi-electrode fusion casting titanium and titanium alloy ingots can be used, small-size electrodes can be prepared by using a small-size electrode preparation device, and large and ultra-large ingots can be produced by fusion casting. The large-size cast ingot can be directly cast by directly taking the scattered scrap returns as raw materials. The method solves the problems that the traditional consumable electrode arc furnace has complicated electrode preparation process and large equipment investment and can not directly recover titanium and titanium alloy scrap returns. The device has the advantages of high casting production efficiency, relatively small equipment investment, simple and convenient production operation, small metal loss in the production process and low energy consumption.
Claims (3)
1. A single or multi-electrode vacuum consumable arc melting device for titanium and titanium alloy is characterized in that: the multi-electrode vacuum self-consuming electric arc melting and casting device for titanium and titanium alloy consists of a water-cooled crucible (1), a water jacket (2), a crucible water inlet (3), a crucible water outlet (4), an arc stabilizing coil (5), a crucible bracket (6), an ingot (7), liquid metal (8), an arc area (9), a self-consuming electrode (10), an anode cable (11), a furnace body (12), an inspection manhole (13), a vacuum system extraction opening (14), an observation opening (15), a cathode cable (16), a cable chuck (17), a pole distance adjusting device (18), an electrode bracket (19), an electrode guide rod (20), a dynamic seal box (21), an electrode chuck (22), an electrode lifting device (23), a furnace pit (24) and the like;
the electric arc melting device can use single electrode melting casting titanium and titanium alloy ingots, and also can use multi-electrode melting casting titanium and titanium alloy ingots; a single electrode is used when casting small-specification ingots with the diameter less than 100mm, and a plurality of electrodes are used when casting large-specification ingots with the diameter more than 100 mm; the small electrode preparation device can be used for preparing small-specification electrodes, and large and ultra-large ingots can be produced by casting.
2. The single or multiple electrode vacuum consumable arc melting apparatus of titanium and titanium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the furnace body (12) is adapted to accommodate the consumable electrode (10) to form a closed vacuum space isolated from the surrounding atmosphere; the furnace body (12) is required to have good air tightness, and is convenient to connect and detach with the lower water-cooled crucible (1) and convenient to operate; an inspection manhole (13) and a vacuum system extraction opening (14) are arranged on the furnace body (12); the observation ports (15) are arranged on the furnace body (12), and each furnace is at least symmetrically provided with 2 sets of observation devices and remote observation devices for observing the arc combustion condition, the smelting condition and the electrode welding condition;
the vacuum system generally consists of a (3-8) -level vacuum pump, and is used for always keeping vacuum in a closed space formed by a furnace body (12) and a water-cooled crucible (1), and the vacuum degree in the normal smelting process is 0.001-1.3 Pa;
the electrode device consists of a consumable electrode (10), a cable chuck (17), a polar distance adjusting device (18), an electrode bracket (19), an electrode guide rod (20), a dynamic seal box (21), an electrode chuck (22) and an electrode lifting device (23), and is used for clamping the consumable electrode, adjusting the lifting of the electrode in the smelting and feeding processes and controlling the smelting voltage; a smelting power supply system generally adopts a direct current power supply to keep an electric arc stable in a smelting process;
the water-cooled crucible (1) comprises a crucible copper sleeve (1 a), a water jacket (2), a crucible water inlet (3), a crucible water outlet (4), a stable arc wire coil (5), a crucible bracket (6), an anode cable (11) and the like; the crucible copper sleeve (1 a) generally consists of a thick-wall copper pipe, and the crucible water cooling device generally comprises a set of process cooling water system and a set of emergency security cooling system; the cooling water system not only provides cooling for the water-cooled crucible (1), but also provides cooling for the furnace body (12), the electrode clamping, the cable clamp (17), the electrode guide rod (20), the dynamic seal box (21), the electrode clamp (22) and other parts, and emergency water stored in the emergency security cooling system is necessary to be enough to cool the titanium ingot to below a safe temperature;
direct current or alternating current is introduced into the arc stabilizing wire coil (5), and the side arc of the arc area (9) is reduced by utilizing an axial magnetic field generated in the coil, so that the effect of stabilizing the arc of the arc area (9) is achieved; the liquid metal (8) in the molten pool can rotate to play a role in stirring, which is beneficial to impurity diffusion and is beneficial to uniform alloy components; the dendritic crystal can be broken by stirring, and the effect of refining the ingot casting structure is achieved; the arc stabilizing wire coil (5) is usually soaked in the cooling water of the water jacket (2) to reduce the heat generation.
3. The single or multiple electrode vacuum consumable arc melting apparatus of titanium and titanium alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein the arc zone (9) is the heat energy source of the melting apparatus, the arc is generally composed of three parts of cathode zone, arc column zone, anode zone; the cathode region consists of a positive ion layer and cathode spots near the end face of the electrode, electrons are concentrated at the cathode spots and are emitted outwards under the action of an electric field of the positive ion layer to generate arc discharge, and the temperature of the cathode region is generally 1750-1800 ℃; the arc column zone is positioned between the cathode zone and the anode zone, is a neutral and high-temperature plasma zone consisting of electrons and ions, has the temperature of 4500-; the anode region is positioned on the surface of the anode, the temperature rise mainly depends on the continuous and high-speed bombardment of high-speed electrons and negative ion flow emitted by the cathode region, the temperature is 1800-1900 ℃, and the temperature of the anode region influences the depth of a molten pool, the solidification and crystallization process of the ingot (7) and the purification effect of the ingot.
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| CN115948658A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Vacuum consumable arc melting and continuous casting equipment and method |
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| CN115948658A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Vacuum consumable arc melting and continuous casting equipment and method |
| CN116511504A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-08-01 | 华中科技大学 | Equipment and method for continuous pressing powder metallurgy electrode coupled precision casting |
| CN116511504B (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2024-02-02 | 华中科技大学 | Equipment and method for coupling precision casting of continuous pressed powder metallurgy electrode |
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