Background
The ambient air contains bioaerosols, which are composed of large amounts of biological particles, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, animal and plant debris, and other contaminants, where bioaerosols have a more direct and important impact on human health and public safety than other non-biological contaminants. Bioaerosol exposure can lead to respiratory inflammation, allergies, infection, and toxic reactions, and even the spread of pandemic diseases, and is therefore particularly important for monitoring bioaerosols in the environment. However, the detection method of environmental air microorganisms commonly used in environmental monitoring at present, such as microorganism culture, has great errors and deficiencies in concentration detection, and is difficult to detect microorganisms in a Viable But non-Culturable state (Viable But non-Culturable) state; and the timeliness is poor, and real-time online monitoring cannot be realized, so that accurate and real-time biological threat early warning cannot be provided for public health or key scenes, and the exposure threat of dynamically-changed microbial aerosol is prevented.
The existing online bioaerosol monitoring method is mostly based on the fluorescence excitation principle of biomacromolecules such as riboflavin and reduced coenzyme NADH, and the biomacromolecules are excited by excitation light with specific wavelength and detected by the generated fluorescence with specific wavelength band to estimate the content of microorganisms in the air. However, the principle is limited by the interfering fluorescence of the interfering substances such as benzene series substances and the complex particle aggregation structure in the actual air, which may cause false positive or false negative which is difficult to estimate, and difficult to accurately and reliably reflect the real environmental air microorganism concentration. In addition, the laser-excited fluorescence detection method is usually only applied to the background monitoring situation of air microorganisms with low flow velocity and small flow, is limited by undersized sampling gas flow, and cannot make immediate and effective response and early warning to sudden microorganism exposure events, so that the requirement of microorganism aerosol exposure early warning is difficult to meet.
Based on these considerations, the online monitoring technology and equipment for the bioaerosol with high flow rate and more reliable detection principle and larger sampling flow rate are particularly critical in the aspects of microbial exposure early warning and dealing with sudden microbial exposure events. The ATP biochemical luminescence reaction is based on the principle that specific luminescence of high-energy Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and firefly luciferin in living cells is catalyzed by firefly luciferase to indicate the existence of the living cells, and because the ATP content available for reaction in specific types of living cells is basically kept constant, the content of the living cells can be semi-quantified by detecting the luminescence intensity. The ATP biochemical luminescence method can more reliably indicate real living microorganisms, and interference signals are less than those of a fluorescence excitation method; and agglomerated particles can be better dispersed in a liquid phase reaction system, and false negative caused by particle agglomeration is reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing an integrated ATP biochemistry luminescence method, the active microorganism aerosol of large-traffic biological aerosol sampling technique in to ambient air carries out real-time on-line monitoring's system, combines photoelectric signal detection sensing system, automatic liquid circulation system and signal output system to constitute the real-time on-line monitoring system of biological aerosol, realizes the large-traffic quick enrichment and the real-time on-line monitoring early warning of active microorganism aerosol in the ambient air.
The main technical principle of the utility model is that: the method is characterized in that a micro large-flow fan is adopted to drive air to sample ambient air through a rotational flow sampling pipe, the ambient air is enriched into a liquid collecting pipe, the lower end of the sampling pipe is provided with reaction reagents, the main components of the reaction reagents are firefly luciferase, firefly luciferin, cell lysate, magnesium ions and the like, the cell wall of active microorganisms in the air is cracked by the cell lysate to release ATP in cytoplasm, the ATP and the firefly luciferin generate chemical reaction luminescence under the catalysis of the firefly luciferase, and luminescence signals are converted into electric signals by a photoelectric sensor facing the liquid collecting pipe in a shielding dark room to be recorded and output for display. Because the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is very rapid, the content of active microorganisms in the ambient air can be semi-quantitatively monitored in real time. And the result can be simultaneously transmitted to mobile terminals such as mobile phones, computers and the like by using the antenna to realize remote monitoring.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows (see figure 1):
the utility model provides a biological aerosol on-line monitoring system, carries out real-time on-line monitoring to the active microorganism in the air based on ATP (adenosine triphosphate) biochemical luminescence and large-traffic biological aerosol sampling technique, which characterized in that, includes biological aerosol sampling device, ATP biochemical luminescence signal detection output device and reaction agent automated control system, wherein: the bioaerosol sampling device comprises a fan, a rotational flow sampling pipe and a liquid collecting pipe, wherein the fan is positioned at the top end of the rotational flow sampling pipe, the liquid collecting pipe is connected to the conical tail end of the rotational flow sampling pipe, and the rotational flow sampling pipe separates bioaerosol in air and concentrates the bioaerosol in the liquid collecting pipe under the action of the fan; the ATP biochemical luminescence signal detection output device comprises a shielding darkroom, a photoelectric sensor, a signal processing module and a signal output antenna; the reaction reagent automatic control system comprises a liquid storage pipe, a waste liquid pipe, a liquid inlet peristaltic pump and a liquid outlet peristaltic pump, wherein reaction reagents such as luciferin (namely a substrate), luciferase, cell lysate and the like for ATP biochemical luminescence reaction are stored in the liquid storage pipe; the liquid collecting pipe and the photoelectric sensor are arranged in a shielding darkroom, a reaction reagent in the liquid storing pipe is conveyed into the liquid collecting pipe under the action of the liquid inlet peristaltic pump and reacts with active microorganisms in the bioaerosol enriched in the liquid collecting pipe, a generated fluorescence signal is converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric sensor and is transmitted to the signal processing module, and the processed signal is directly output or is transmitted to a network by the signal output antenna; and the waste liquid after reaction is conveyed into the waste liquid pipe from the liquid collecting pipe under the action of the liquid outlet peristaltic pump.
Among the above-mentioned bioaerosol on-line monitoring system, bioaerosol sampling device is large-traffic bioaerosol sampling device, wherein the fan is preferred miniature big amount of wind fan, for example the size is 90 +/-10X 30 +/-5 mm, rated voltage is 7.0 ~ 24V, rated current is 0.3 ~ 6A, the amount of wind is 30 ~ 300CFM, preferred, in the embodiment of the utility model discloses a select for use the size to be 97X 94X 33mm, rated voltage 12V, rated current 6A, the miniature large-traffic fan of amount of wind 300 CFM.
In the above-mentioned bioaerosol on-line monitoring system, the whirl sampling pipe can be metal pipe or plastic tubing etc. and its shape is the assembly of drum and conical funnel, and upper portion is the drum, and the lower part is conical funnel, and the end is the circular port, is connected with the collector tube. The cylindrical upper part and the conical funnel-shaped lower part can be integrally formed or can be two parts which are spliced in a tangent mode, so that the device is convenient to disassemble and clean. The inner wall of the pipeline of the rotational flow sampling pipe is smooth and is preferably provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating. In the embodiment of the utility model, the upper part of the rotational flow sampling tube is a hollow cylinder with the length of 150 +/-50 mm and the inner diameter of 55 +/-10 mm, the height of the hollow cone spliced at the lower part is 100 +/-20 mm, the cone angle is 25 +/-5 degrees, the tail end is a circular hole with a sealing rubber ring, and the diameter is 20 +/-5 mm; the air inlet is arranged on the side surface of the upper part of the cylinder, is a square short pipe with smooth inner wall, has the length of 50 +/-25 mm and the inner diameter of 20 +/-5 mm multiplied by 15 +/-5 mm, and is made of the same material as the main body of the rotational flow sampling pipe.
In the above bioaerosol on-line monitoring system, the liquid collecting tube may be a cylindrical transparent bottle with a hemispherical bottom, and the material may be transparent materials such as glass, acrylic, organic resin, etc., preferably a material with a fluorescence transmittance of more than 90%. In the embodiment of the utility model, the liquid collecting pipe has a diameter of 20 plus or minus 5mm and a length of 50 plus or minus 10mm, and a protruding small pipe is arranged in the middle of the liquid collecting pipe and is used for connecting a hose leading to the liquid collecting pipe so as to supplement reaction reagents; a small tube protruding from the center of the bottom is used for connecting a hose leading to a waste liquid tube to discharge waste liquid after reaction; the inner diameter of the small tube is 2 +/-1 mm, and the length is 10 +/-5 mm. Furthermore, a liquid level sensor is arranged in the liquid collecting pipe, and a liquid level signal is fed back to the reaction reagent automatic control system to regulate and control the liquid inlet peristaltic pump and the liquid outlet peristaltic pump.
In the above online bioaerosol monitoring system, the photoelectric sensor is an electronic device capable of converting continuously changing optical signals into electrical signals, and may be a photocell, a photoelectric tube, a photomultiplier, a photoresistor, a photodiode, or the like.
In the online bioaerosol monitoring system, the signal output antenna is a signal output network card, a matched circuit system and an antenna which are connected with a 3G, 4G or 5G network and the like, and can transmit the acquired electric signals to a server in the network in real time, and then the acquired electric signals are received by a mobile terminal of a user and fed back real-time monitoring results of different numbered devices.
In the above bioaerosol on-line monitoring system, the shielding dark room is usually a dark room surrounded by a plastic hard shell, sealing and light-tight treatment is performed at the interface with other parts, and a coating containing metal powder, preferably a coating containing copper metal powder, is coated on the outer side of the shielding dark room to form an electromagnetic shielding layer. In the embodiment of the utility model, the shell thickness of shielding darkroom is 4 ± 2 cm.
Among the above-mentioned bioaerosol on-line monitoring system, feed liquor peristaltic pump and play liquid peristaltic pump are the small-size peristaltic pump of two the same models, the embodiment of the utility model provides an in select for use rated voltage be 0 ~ 24V, the output volume be 0.05 ~ 5mL/min, the peristaltic pump that the size is 3 x 2 cm.
Among the above-mentioned bioaerosol on-line monitoring system, liquid storage tube and waste liquid pipe can form with 50mL centrifuging tube transformation, connect a hose at centrifuging tube lower extreme driving fit, and the centrifuging tube material can be transparent plastic such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene, preferably polypropylene material. The liquid storage tube stores a cell lysate, luciferase (preferably firefly luciferase), luciferin (preferably firefly luciferin), and a reaction reagent such as magnesium ions.
The hose can be an organic silicon plastic hose, a polybutylene terephthalate composite rubber hose and the like, preferably the organic silicon plastic hose, and the pipe diameter is 0.1-1 mm.
Furthermore, the bioaerosol on-line monitoring system also comprises a direct current power supply which provides power for the fan, the liquid inlet peristaltic pump and the liquid outlet peristaltic pump. The dc power supply may be an ac power converter connected to the mains supply, a rechargeable battery (such as a lithium battery), or a combination of both.
The bioaerosol online monitoring system is used for monitoring active microorganisms in the air, the ambient air is collected by the driving of a fan, and the bioaerosol is separated and enriched into a liquid collecting pipe through a cyclone sampling pipe; meanwhile, the reaction reagent automatic control system starts a liquid inlet peristaltic pump, reaction reagents in a liquid storage pipe are input and continuously supplemented into the liquid storage pipe, active microorganisms in the bioaerosol are cracked to release ATP, the ATP reacts with luciferin under the catalysis of luciferase to generate fluorescence signals, the fluorescence signals are received by a photoelectric sensor and converted into electric signals to be output to a signal processing module, and the processed signals are directly output or remotely transmitted to a mobile terminal through a signal output antenna; and the waste liquid after reaction is output to a waste liquid pipe from a liquid collecting pipe by a liquid outlet peristaltic pump for storage.
The utility model provides a biological aerosol on-line monitoring system based on ATP biochemistry luminescence utilizes the ATP of the microorganism that contains in the atmospheric particulates that large-traffic sampling technique gathered and luciferase's catalysis chemiluminescence principle, realized the real-time on-line measuring to living microorganism aerosol concentration in the ambient atmosphere, combine novel large-traffic sampling technique of air microorganism and biochemical luminescence method, realize the quick enrichment and the real-time detection to the active microorganism of low concentration in the air, can monitor living biological aerosol content in the ambient air of low concentration active microorganism fast. Experiments of real-time monitoring under laboratory control conditions and in indoor and outdoor actual ambient air show that the system can respond to a single bioaerosol release event or dynamic change of environmental microorganism concentration within 15 seconds and record and output a photoelectric signal mode to a mobile terminal in real time. The bioaerosol on-line monitoring system is mainly characterized in that:
(1) the aerosol on-line monitoring system utilizes a large-flow cyclone sampling technology and is driven by a miniature large-flow fan, the sampling flow is large and can reach 400L/min, and active biological aerosol particles with low concentration in the atmosphere can be effectively enriched;
(2) the ATP biochemical luminescence principle is used in the aerosol online monitoring system, the content of living microorganism particles in the air is obtained through rapid reaction, and compared with the biological aerosol monitoring principle excited by biological macromolecule fluorescence, the result which is closer to the real condition can be obtained;
(3) by utilizing an automatic and manual reaction liquid control system, the replenishment and replacement of the reaction liquid and the cleaning of the reaction pipeline can be conveniently realized, and the automatic control of unmanned monitoring is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the online bioaerosol monitoring system (named BioAeroAlerter) based on ATP biochemical luminescence of the present invention comprises: the system comprises a large-flow fan 1, a rotational flow sampling pipe 2, a direct-current power supply 4, a liquid storage pipe 5, a liquid inlet peristaltic pump 6, a waste liquid pipe 8, a liquid outlet peristaltic pump 10, a liquid storage pipe 11, a signal output antenna 12, a signal processing module 13, a shielding darkroom 14 and a photoelectric sensor 15; the power supply line 3 is used for respectively connecting the direct-current power supply 4 with the large-flow fan 1, the liquid inlet peristaltic pump 6 and the liquid outlet peristaltic pump 10 to provide power for the large-flow fan 1, the liquid inlet peristaltic pump 6 and the liquid outlet peristaltic pump 10; the liquid storage pipe 5 is connected to the middle part of the liquid collection pipe 11 through the liquid inlet hose 7, the bottom of the liquid collection pipe 11 is connected with the waste liquid pipe 8 through the liquid outlet hose 9, and the liquid inlet peristaltic pump 6 and the liquid outlet peristaltic pump 10 are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet hose 7 and the liquid outlet hose 9.
The large-air-volume fan 1 is 97 multiplied by 94 multiplied by 33mm in size, 12V in rated voltage, 6A in rated current and 300CFM in air volume. The upper part of the rotational flow sampling tube 2 is a cylinder with the length of 150 +/-50 mm and the inner diameter of 55 +/-10 mm, the conical funnel spliced at the lower part is 100 +/-20 mm high, the conical angle is 25 +/-5 degrees, the tail end of the rotational flow sampling tube is a circular hole with a sealing rubber ring, and the diameter of the circular hole is 20 +/-5 mm; the air inlet is arranged on the side surface of the upper part of the cylinder and is a square short pipe with a smooth inner wall, the length of the short pipe is 50 +/-25 mm, and the inner diameter of the short pipe is 20 +/-5 mm multiplied by 15 +/-5 mm. The liquid collecting pipe 11 has the diameter of 20 +/-5 mm and the length of 50 +/-10 mm, and a small protruding pipe is arranged in the middle of the liquid collecting pipe and is used for connecting a liquid inlet hose 7 so as to supplement a reaction reagent; a small protruding pipe is arranged at the center of the bottom and is used for connecting a liquid outlet hose 9 and discharging waste liquid after reaction; the inner diameter of the small tube is 2 +/-1 mm, and the length is 10 +/-5 mm. The thickness of the shell of the shielding dark room 14 is 4 +/-2 cm, and the coating containing copper metal powder is coated on the outer side to form an electromagnetic shielding layer. The sizes of the liquid inlet peristaltic pump 6 and the liquid outlet peristaltic pump 10 are 3 multiplied by 2cm, the rated voltage is 0-24V, and the output quantity is 0.05-5 mL/min. The liquid inlet hose 7 and the liquid outlet hose 9 are organic silicon plastic hoses, and the pipe diameters are 0.1-1 mm.
The environmental air is driven by the large-flow fan 1 to be rapidly collected and separated and enriched into the liquid collecting pipe 11 through the rotational flow collecting pipe 2. The liquid collecting pipe 11 contains reaction liquid which is input and continuously supplemented by a liquid inlet peristaltic pump 6 through a liquid inlet hose 7 and contains reaction ions such as cell lysate, luciferase, luciferin, magnesium ions and the like; the reaction liquid reacts with the living microorganisms enriched in the liquid collecting tube 11 to crack the microbial cells, ATP in the microbial cells is released into the reaction liquid and reacts with luciferin under the catalysis of luciferase to generate a fluorescence signal, the fluorescence signal is received by the photoelectric sensor 15 and converted into an electric signal to be output to the signal processing module 13, and the collected chemical fluorescence signal of the living bioaerosol is output to a server through the signal output antenna 12 after the signal processing.
The reacted waste liquid is output from the liquid collecting pipe 11 to the waste liquid pipe 8 through the liquid outlet hose 9 by the liquid outlet peristaltic pump 10 for storage.
The large-flow fan 1, the liquid inlet peristaltic pump 6 and the liquid outlet peristaltic pump 10 are all powered and controlled by a direct-current power supply (lithium battery) 4 through a power supply line 3. The closed shell of the shielding darkroom 14 covers the liquid collecting pipe 11 and the photoelectric sensor 15 to prevent signal fluctuation caused by external photoelectric interference.
The monitoring test of fungal spore release is carried out in a biological safety cabinet by utilizing the ATP biochemical chemiluminescence-based bioaerosol online monitoring system described in the embodiment. Determination of the number concentration of particles in a biosafety cabinet to 0/m using an optical particle granulometer3And then starting the bioaerosol on-line monitoring system to be tested, and reading and recording the background optical signal in the biological safety cabinet. As shown by the "background signal" plot in fig. 2, the background signal of the system was substantially stabilized at 500RLU in a particle free biosafety cabinet. The fungal spore powder wrapped in the filter paper was then released by vibration, the moment of release being the left dotted line marking the position. From the time after release, the light intensity signal rises significantly to around 1800 RLUs in 15 seconds and then slowly falls back. The fungal spores are released again at the time corresponding to the dashed right line in fig. 2, and the rise in bioaerosol signal is again detected within 2 seconds.
Real-time bioaerosol signal monitoring experiments were performed in actual indoor and outdoor environments using the ATP biochemical luminescence based bioaerosol online monitoring system described in the examples, and the results are shown in fig. 3. First, the background signal of the indoor bioluminescence before the sampling system was turned on was tested indoors and was about 30 RLU. Then the on-line monitoring system is started outdoors, and the actual ambient air bioluminescence signal detected outdoors is measured to be about 440 RLU. The sampling system was turned off under outdoor conditions, and the bioluminescent signal was about 380RLU waiting for the bioluminescent signal to settle back to the outdoor background. And starting the online monitoring system again, and recording the re-rising of the outdoor biological aerosol fluorescence signal and the dynamic change between 400RLU and 450RLU, so that the dynamic change process of the biological aerosol in the air is reflected.