CN211702915U - Combined precision seeder for vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vegetable combined precision seeder, comprising: a fertilizer discharge device, a rotary tillage device, a ridge device, a ditching device and a seed metering device. The seeder can realize the combined operation of fertilization, rotary tillage, ridge, ditching, sowing, and soil covering at the same time. The seed metering device uses negative pressure to absorb seeds, and the natural seed metering method without pressure processes a single seed. It adopts a symmetrical distribution of one device and four rows of seed metering devices to realize precise seeding in eight rows of the planter, and ensure the consistency of the discharge of each row of the planter. The parallel four-bar mechanism is used to adjust the height of the ridge, which can adapt to different ridge requirements of different vegetable crops. At the same time, the spring is used to adjust the depth of the seed furrow on the ridge, which provides a better growing environment for different vegetable seeds and has strong adaptability. Modular design, simple and compact structure, reliable connection between modules, convenient adjustment, installation and disassembly, which can save on-site preparation time and facilitate transportation and maintenance.

Description

A vegetable combined precision seeder

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of crop seeding equipment, in particular to a vegetable combined precision seeder.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's vegetable planting industry, people's demand for vegetables has increased year by year, and the traditional artificial planting mode has been unable to meet production, so the demand for vegetable planters has increased significantly. However, the existing vegetable planters mostly use the socket wheel type mechanical sowing method, and different types of socket wheels are replaced according to the size of the seeds. Moreover, the machine has a single function, only the sowing function, and cannot realize the function of soil preparation before sowing, which is not conducive to efficient sowing. Operation.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a ball-like small-diameter vegetable seed metering device in order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies. The problem of damage and blockage of spherical small-diameter vegetable seeds in the seed metering device also achieves the effect of precise and variable seeding, saving seeds, simplifying the thinning process, reducing costs and improving production efficiency. It can quickly respond to the sowing needs of different types of spherical small-diameter vegetable seeds, and the adjustment is convenient and quick, and the sowing efficiency of various vegetable varieties is improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical solutions are adopted:

A vegetable combined precision seeder, comprising a fertilizer discharge device, a rotary tillage device, a ridge device, a ditching device, and a seed metering device:

Two sets of fertilizer discharge devices are respectively provided at the upper two ends of the rotary tiller, the ridge device is hooked to the rear of the rotary tiller, the top of the ridge device is provided with a seed metering device, and the rear of the ridge device is provided with a ditch device.

The fertilizer discharge device includes a fertilizer box, a motor controller, a fertilizer discharger, a fertilizer pipe, and a fertilizer discharge motor;

There are two sets of the fertilizer dischargers, and the two sets of fertilizer dischargers are fixed and installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box in parallel;

There are two sets of fertilizer discharge motors, and the two sets of fertilizer discharge motors are respectively installed on the same side of the two sets of fertilizer dischargers;

The fertilizer pipes are arranged in two groups, and the two groups of fertilizer pipes are respectively installed at the bottoms of the two groups of fertilizer dischargers;

The motor controller is installed on the fertilizer box at one end of the planter, and the motor controller is used to control all motors of the whole machine.

The rotary tillage device includes a frame, a front ditching disc plow, a gearbox, a ground breaking device, a rotary tiller roller, a soil cover plate, a three-point suspension device, and a cover plate;

The two ends of the frame are provided with two sets of front ditching disc ploughs, the upper ends of the frame are provided with cover plates, the middle of the frame is provided with a gearbox, a ground breaking device and a three-point suspension device, and the lower ends of the frame are provided with Rotary tiller roller, with soil cover plate at the rear of the frame.

The ridge-raising device includes a ridge-raising device frame, a connecting rod, a lifter, a ridge-pressing ridge roller, a transmission box, and a hydraulic gear pump;

The ridge device is connected to the rotary tiller through a connecting rod to form a parallel four-link mechanism. The lower part of the lifter is installed in the middle of the upper part of the frame of the ridge device; The sleeve connecting rods are respectively installed on both sides of the rotary tiller through the pin shaft, and can swing around the pin shaft. The lifter is lifted and lowered by the hand screw for stretching. move up and down;

A transmission box is arranged on one side of the frame of the ridge device, and the ridge-pressing roller and the hydraulic gear pump are respectively installed on the lower part and one side of the frame of the ridge device, and are connected through the transmission box;

The inside of the transmission box is driven by a chain, which realizes the synchronous direction rotation of the ridge-pressing roller and the hydraulic gear pump.

The ditching device includes a ditching device frame and a ditch opener;

There are eight groups of openers. The openers are installed at the rear of the trenching device rack through a U-shaped card. The eight groups of openers are installed at equal intervals. The distance between the openers is adjustable, and the spacing adjustment range is 80mm~ 230mm.

The seed metering device includes a seed metering device bracket, a seed metering device, a seed metering device motor, an air suction electric fan, a transparent hose, and a steel wire hose,

The upper two ends of the seed metering device support are provided with seed metering devices, the middle of the upper part of the seed metering device bracket is provided with an air suction electric fan, and the air suction electric fan and the air chamber of the seed metering device are connected by a steel wire hose. The motor of the seed metering device is installed on one side of the seed metering device and is used to control the rotation speed of the seed metering disc. The seed metering device and the seed guiding pipe of the opener are connected by a transparent hose.

The fertilizer box is made of 304 stainless steel;

The fertilizer discharger is an outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger, and each set of fertilizer dischargers is driven by a separate fertilizer discharge motor;

The fertilizer discharge motor is a 12V100W DC motor, and the speed and opening and closing time of all fertilizer discharge motors are controlled by the motor controller;

The fertilizer pipe penetrates through the cover plate through the hole, and is spun into the soil through the rotary tiller roller.

The support of the front ditching disc plough is a casing translation structure, which is used for the adjustment of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the disc plough;

The inside of the gearbox is gear transmission, and the tractor transmits power to the rotary tiller roller connected to it through the gearbox;

The upper and lower positions of the soil-covering plate can be adjusted and fixed by means of bolt groups, which are used to control the feeding amount of crushed soil of the ridge-raising device;

The cover plate is mounted on the frame through hinges.

The opener includes an opener clamp, an opener spring, an opener support handle, an opener sliding knife, a soil-covering rod, and a seed guide pipe;

The opener support handle is installed at the lower part of the opener clamp, and a pin is used to limit the position between the opener support handle and the opener clamp, which is used to determine the lowest position of the opener slide knife;

The opener spring is installed on the opener support handle, and is positioned with a pin, so that the opener sliding knife has a restoring elasticity after being immersed in the soil;

The opener slide knife is welded on the bottom of the opener support handle, and the bottom plane of the opener slide knife is parallel to the horizontal plane;

The soil-covering rod is installed at the rear end of the opener sliding knife;

The seed guide tube is welded to the rear end of the opener support handle, and the bottom of the seed guide tube is located above the bottom of the opener slide knife.

The seed metering device includes an air chamber, a seed metering shaft, a seed metering disc clamping sleeve, a sealing ring, a compression spring, a seed metering disc, a limit block, a seed blocking plate, a seed dialing needle, a cover, a seed discharge plug, and a seed metering device. mouth;

A seed metering shaft is arranged at the center of the air chamber, and a seed metering disc clamping sleeve, a seed metering disc and a compression spring are sequentially installed on the seed metering shaft. The air chamber and the seed metering disc are provided with a sealing ring, and the air A cover is arranged on the left side of the chamber, a seed discharge port is arranged on one side of the lower part of the cover, a seed discharge plug is arranged at the lower part, and a limit block, a seed blocking plate and a seed dialing needle are arranged inside the cover.

A bearing is installed between the air chamber and the seed metering shaft, and the bearing is positioned by an elastic retaining ring, and two planes are milled on one side of the seed metering shaft for the circumferential positioning of the seed metering disc ferrule;

The seed-metering shaft, the compression spring, the seed-metering disc, and the seed-metering disc clamping sleeve are closely connected, and are axially positioned and rotated synchronously through screws and flat washers.

The beneficial effects of the present utility model:

1. The utility model designs a vegetable combined precision seeder, which can realize the combined operations of fertilization, rotary tillage, ridge, ditching, sowing, and soil covering, which is suitable for precision seeding operations in dry fields and contributes to agricultural production efficiency. , reduce labor costs.

2. The seed metering device of the present utility model uses negative pressure to absorb seeds, and the natural seed metering method without pressure processes a single seed, and adopts a symmetrical distribution of one seed metering device with four rows to realize precise seeding in eight rows of the planter and ensure the displacement of each row of the planter. consistency.

3. The utility model adopts a parallel four-bar mechanism to adjust the height of the ridge, which can adapt to different ridge requirements of different vegetable crops. At the same time, the spring is used to adjust the depth of the seed furrow on the ridge, which provides a better growing environment for the seeds of different vegetable crops, and has strong adaptability.

4. The utility model adopts a modular design, the structure is simple and compact, the connection between the modules is reliable, the adjustment, installation and disassembly are convenient, which can save on-site preparation time and facilitate transportation and maintenance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the fertilizer discharge device in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary tillage device in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the ridge device in Fig. 1;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of the trenching device in FIG. 1;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the opener in Fig. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the seed metering device in FIG. 1;

Fig. 8 is the exploded schematic diagram of the seed metering device in Fig. 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the seed metering device in FIG. 7 .

Among them: 1- Fertilizer discharge device, 2- Rotary tillage device, 3- Ridging device, 4- Ditching device, 5- Seed metering device, 1a- Fertilizer box, 1b- Motor controller, 1c- Fertilizer discharger, 1d - Fertilizer pipe, 1e- fertilizer discharge motor, 2a- frame, 2b- front ditching disc plow, 2c- gearbox, 2d- ground breaking device, 2e- rotary tiller roller, 2f- soil cover plate, 2g- three-point Suspension device, 2h-cover plate, 3a-ditching device frame, 3b-connecting rod, 3c-lifter, 3d-repression drowning roller, 3e-transmission box, 3f-hydraulic gear pump, 4a-ditching device machine Rack, 4b-Opener, 4b1-Opener Clamp, 4b2-Opener Spring, 4b3-Opener Support Handle, 4b4-Opener Slide Knife, 4b5-Soil Cover Rod, 4b6-Seed Guide, 5a-seed metering device bracket, 5b-seed metering device, 5c-seed metering device motor, 5d-air suction electric fan, 5e-transparent hose, 5f-steel wire hose, 5b1-air chamber, 5b2-seed metering shaft, 5b3-seed metering disc sleeve, 5b4-seal ring, 5b5-compression spring, 5b6-seed metering disc, 5b7-limiting block, 5b8-seeding plate, 5b9-seeding needle, 5b10-cover, 5b11-unloading Seed plug, 5b12-seed outlet.

Detailed ways

In order to further illustrate the technical means adopted by the present invention and its effects, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The vegetable combined precision seeder of the utility model includes a fertilizer discharge device 1, a rotary tillage device 2, a ridge device 3, a trenching device 4, and a seed discharge device 5. The upper ends of the rotary tillage device 2 are respectively provided with There are two sets of fertilizer discharge devices 1, the ridge device 3 is hooked to the rear of the rotary tillage device 2, the upper part of the ridge device 3 is provided with a seed metering device 5, and the rear of the ridge device 3 is provided with a trenching device 4.

The fertilizer discharge device 1 includes a fertilizer box 1a, a motor controller 1b, a fertilizer discharger 1c, a fertilizer pipe 1d, and a fertilizer discharge motor 1e. The two groups of fertilizer dischargers 1c are installed and fixed at the bottom of the fertilizer box 1a. The fertilizer discharge motor 1e is installed on the same side of the two groups of fertilizer dischargers 1c respectively, the two groups of fertilizer pipes 1d are respectively installed on the bottom of the fertilizer discharger 1c, and the motor controller 1b is installed on the fertilizer box 1a at one end of the planter. The motor controller 1b controls all the motors of the whole machine.

The fertilizer box 1a is made of 304 stainless steel to prevent corrosion due to long-term external use. The fertilizer discharge motor 1e is a 12V100W DC motor, and the speed and opening and closing time of all the fertilizer discharge motors 1e are controlled by the motor controller 1b. Fertilizer into the soil to achieve the effect of uniform and deep application of granular fertilizers.

The rotary tillage device 2 includes a frame 2a, a front ditching disc plow 2b, a gearbox 2c, a ground breaking device 2d, a rotary tiller roller 2e, a soil cover plate 2f, a three-point suspension device 2g, and a cover plate 2h. Both ends of the frame 2a are provided with two sets of front ditching disc plows 2b, the upper ends of the frame 2a are provided with cover plates 2h, and the middle of the frame 2a is provided with a gearbox 2c, a ground breaking device 2d and a three-point suspension device 2g. Both ends of the lower part of 2a are provided with rotary tiller rollers 2e, and the rear part of the frame 2a is provided with a soil covering plate 2f.

The support of the front ditching disc plow 2b is a casing translation structure, which realizes the adjustment of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the disc plow. The connected rotary tiller roller 2e, the soil-breaking device 2d cooperates with the rotating rotary tiller roller 2e to achieve the effect of soil-breaking, soil-crushing and fertilizing of the seeder, and the upper and lower positions of the soil-covering plate 2f can be adjusted and fixed by the bolt group, which can be adjusted and fixed. The amount of crushed soil fed to the ridge-raising device 3 is controlled, so that the firmness of the ridge soil and the height of the ridge surface can be adjusted according to different soil moisture and crop seed growth requirements, and the cover plate 2h is mounted on the frame 2a through a hinge, Its opening and closing function facilitates the maintenance and cleaning of key components such as the gearbox 2c and the rotary tiller roller 2e.

The ridge device 3 includes a ridge device frame 3a, a connecting rod 3b, a lifter 3c, a ridge-pressing roller 3d, a transmission box 3e, and a hydraulic gear pump 3f. The rotary tillage device 2 forms a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, a transmission box 3e is provided on one side of the ridge device frame 3a, and the suppression ridge roller 3d and the hydraulic gear pump 3f are respectively installed on the lower part of the ridge device frame 3a The lower part of the lifter 3c is installed in the middle of the upper part of the ridge device frame 3a, and the upper part of the lifter 3c is installed in the middle of the upper part of the three-point suspension device 2g.

The ridge device 3 can realize the up-down translation function through the interaction between the connecting rod 3b and the lifter 3c, the lifter 3c can realize the stretching function by lifting and lowering the screw by hand, and the transmission box 3e is driven by a chain inside to realize the suppression. The raising roller 3d and the hydraulic gear pump 3f are rotated in the synchronizing direction.

The ditching device 4 includes a ditching device frame 4a and a ditching device 4b. The eight groups of ditching devices 4b are installed at the rear of the ditching device frame 4a through a U-shaped card, so as to facilitate adjustment of the openings 4b. The distance between them is determined according to the row spacing in the agronomic requirements of different crops, and its range is limited by the structure of the planter, and the value is 80mm to 230mm.

The opener 4b includes an opener clamp 4b1, an opener spring 4b2, an opener support handle 4b3, an opener slide knife 4b4, a soil covering rod 4b5, and a seed guide tube 4b6. 4b3 is installed on the lower part of the opener clamp 4b1, and a pin is used to limit the position between the opener support handle 4b3 and the opener clamp 4b1 to determine the lowest position of the opener slider 4b4, the opener spring 4b2 is installed on the support handle 4b3 of the opener, and is positioned with a pin, so that the opener sliding knife 4b4 has a certain elastic force after entering the soil, which is beneficial to ensure the stability of the depth of the seed trench. The opener sliding knife 4b4 is welded to the opener. At the bottom of the opener handle 4b3, the bottom plane of the opener sliding knife 4b4 is parallel to the horizontal plane, which is convenient for the seeds to fall into the seed ditch smoothly. At the rear end of the opener support handle 4b3, there is a certain distance between the bottom of the seed guide tube 4b6 and the bottom of the opener slider 4b4 to prevent clay from clogging the seed guide tube 4b6 and causing leakage.

The seed metering device 5 includes a seed metering device bracket 5a, a seed metering device 5b, a seed metering device motor 5c, an air suction electric fan 5d, a transparent hose 5e, and a steel wire hose 5f. The upper two ends of the seed metering device bracket 5a A seed metering device 5b is provided, and an air suction electric fan 5d is arranged in the middle of the upper part of the seed metering device bracket 5a. It can withstand a certain negative pressure of the fan, and can effectively avoid the leakage problem caused by the deformation and closure of the pipeline. The seed meter motor 5c is installed on one side of the seed meter 5b, and is used to control the speed of the seed metering plate 5b6. This speed Matching with the hauling speed to control the plant spacing of the crops, the transparent hose 5e is used to communicate between the seed metering device 5b and the seed guide tube 4b6 of the opener 4b, which is conducive to observing the missed seeding of the seed before the seeder is operated, and ensuring the seeding. prepare before.

The seed metering device 5b includes an air chamber 5b1, a seed metering shaft 5b2, a seed metering disc sleeve 5b3, a sealing ring 5b4, a compression spring 5b5, a seed metering disc 5b6, a limit block 5b7, a seed blocking plate 5b8, and a seed dialing needle 5b9 , cover 5b10, seed discharge plug 5b11, seed metering port 5b12, a seed metering shaft 5b2 is arranged at the center of the air chamber 5b1, and a seed metering disc sleeve 5b3 and a seed metering disc 5b6 are sequentially installed on the seed metering shaft 5b2 , Compression spring 5b5, the air chamber 5b1 and the seeding disc 5b6 are provided with a sealing ring 5b4, the cover is provided on the left side of the air chamber, the left side of the air chamber 5b1 is provided with a cover 5b10, the lower side of the cover A seed discharge port 5b12 is provided, a seed discharge plug 5b11 is provided at the lower part, and a limit block 5b7, a seed blocking plate 5b8, and a seed dialing needle 5b9 are provided inside the casing.

The air chamber 5b1 and the seed metering shaft 5b2 are installed with a bearing, and the bearing is positioned by an elastic retaining ring. One side of the seed metering shaft 5b2 is milled with two planes, and the circumferential positioning of the seed metering disc ferrule 5b3 is realized through the plane. The seed metering shaft 5b2, the compression spring 5b5, the seed metering disc 5b6, and the seed metering disc clamping sleeve 5b3 are closely connected, and are axially positioned and rotated synchronously through screws and flat washers.

The working principle of the present utility model:

When the seeder is working, the whole machine is hooked to the rear of the tractor through the three-point suspension device 2g and moves forward with the tractor. The power output device of the tractor drives the rotary tiller roller 2e to rotate through the gearbox 2c to realize the rotary tiller function. During the advancing process of the planter, the hydraulic gear pump 3f drives the repressing ridge roller 3d to rotate through the transmission box 3e, and squeezes the soil to form as the tractor moves forward to realize the ridge formation function. At the same time, the motor controller 1b respectively controls the fertilizer discharge motor 1e, the seed meter motor 5c and the air suction electric fan 5d to work. Among them, the fertilizer discharging motor 1e is controlled to drive the fertilizer discharging device 1c to work to realize the fertilization function, and the seed metering motor 5c is controlled to drive the seed metering plate 5b6 of the seed metering device 5b to rotate. The shaped hole adsorbs a single seed, the seed rotates with the seeding disc 5b6, and forms a free fall motion in the non-pressure area due to the disappearance of the negative pressure and the action of gravity, and then the seed passes through the casing 5b10, the seed discharge port 5b12, the transparent hose 5e, the guide The seed tube 4b6 falls into the soil to realize the sowing function. Before sowing, the opener sliding knife 4b4 of the opener 4b breaks the soil to realize the function of opening the trench, and after the seeds are buried in the soil, the soil-covering rod 4b5 completes the soil-covering function. All the working processes are carried out synchronously, realizing the combined operation of fertilization, rotary tillage, ridge, ditching, sowing, and soil covering of the seeder.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall all be included in the rights of the present invention. within the range of requirements.

Claims (10)

1. A vegetable combined precision seeder, comprising a fertilizer discharge device (1), a rotary tillage device (2), a ridge device (3), a trenching device (4), and a seed metering device (5), characterized in that : Two sets of fertilizer discharge devices (1) are respectively provided at both ends of the upper part of the rotary tiller device (2), the ridge device (3) is hung on the rear of the rotary tiller device (2), and the upper part of the ridge device (3) is provided with seed dischargers The device (5) is provided with a ditching device (4) at the rear of the ridge device (3). 2. a kind of vegetable combined precision seeder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The fertilizer discharge device (1) comprises a fertilizer box (1a), a motor controller (1b), a fertilizer discharger (1c), a fertilizer pipe (1d), and a fertilizer discharge motor (1e); There are two sets of the fertilizer dischargers (1c), and the two sets of fertilizer dischargers (1c) are fixed and installed side by side at the bottom of the fertilizer box (1a); Two groups of the fertilizer discharge motors (1e) are provided, and the two groups of fertilizer discharge motors (1e) are respectively installed on the same side of the two groups of fertilizer dischargers (1c); Two groups of fertilizer pipes (1d) are provided, and the two groups of fertilizer pipes (1d) are respectively installed at the bottom of the two groups of fertilizer dischargers (1c); The motor controller (1b) is installed on the fertilizer box (1a) at one end of the planter, and the motor controller (1b) is used to control all motors of the whole machine. 3. a kind of vegetable combination precision seeder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotary tillage device (2) comprises a frame (2a), a front ditching disc plow (2b), a gearbox (2c), a soil breaking device (2d), a rotary tiller roller (2e), and a soil covering plate (2f) , three-point suspension device (2g), cover plate (2h); The two ends of the frame (2a) are provided with two sets of front ditching disc plows (2b), the upper ends of the frame (2a) are provided with cover plates (2h), and the middle of the frame (2a) is provided with a gearbox ( 2c), a ground breaking device (2d) and a three-point suspension device (2g), the lower ends of the frame (2a) are provided with rotary tiller rollers (2e), and the rear of the frame (2a) is provided with a soil covering plate (2f). 4. a kind of vegetable combination precision seeder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ridge device (3) includes a ridge device frame (3a), a connecting rod (3b), a lifter (3c), a ridge-pressing roller (3d), a transmission box (3e), and a hydraulic gear pump (3f) ; The ridge device (3) is connected to the rotary tiller device (2) through a connecting rod (3b) to form a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, and the lower part of the lifter (3c) is mounted on the upper part of the ridge device frame (3a). In the middle, the upper part of the lifter (3c) is installed in the middle of the upper part of the three-point suspension device (2g). The lifter (3c) is lifted and lowered by a hand screw for stretching, and the ridge device (3) can move up and down by extending or shortening the casing of the lifter (3c); A transmission box (3e) is provided on one side of the ridge device frame (3a), and the suppression ridge roller (3d) and the hydraulic gear pump (3f) are respectively installed on the lower part of the ridge device frame (3a) and a side, and connected through the transmission box (3e); The inside of the transmission box (3e) is driven by a chain, which realizes the synchronous direction rotation of the repressing ridge roller (3d) and the hydraulic gear pump (3f). 5. a kind of vegetable combination precision seeder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The trenching device (4) comprises a trenching device frame (4a) and a trenching device (4b); Eight groups of the openers (4b) are arranged, and the openers (4b) are installed at the rear of the trenching device rack (4a) through a U-shaped card, and the eight groups of openers (4b) are installed at equal intervals. (4b) The spacing between them is adjustable, and the spacing adjustment range is 80mm to 230mm. 6. a kind of vegetable combined precision seeder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The seed metering device (5) comprises a seed metering device bracket (5a), a seed metering device (5b), a seed metering device motor (5c), an air suction electric fan (5d), a transparent hose (5e), and a steel wire hose (5f), Seed metering devices (5b) are arranged at both ends of the upper part of the seed metering device bracket (5a), and an air suction electric fan (5d) is arranged in the middle of the upper part of the seed metering device bracket (5a). The air chambers (5b1) of the seed meter (5b) are connected with each other by a steel wire hose (5f). ), the seed metering device (5b) and the seed guiding tube (4b6) of the opener (4b) are connected by a transparent hose (5e). 7. a kind of vegetable combined precision seeder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: The fertilizer box (1a) is made of 304 stainless steel; The fertilizer discharger (1c) is an outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger, and each set of fertilizer dischargers (1c) is driven by a separate fertilizer discharge motor (1e); The fertilizer discharging motor (1e) is a 12V100W DC motor, and the speed and opening and closing time of all the fertilizer discharging motors (1e) are controlled by the motor controller (1b); The fertilizer pipe (1d) penetrates through the cover plate (2h) through the hole, and is spun into the soil through the rotary tiller roller (2e). 8. a kind of vegetable combination precision seeder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The bracket of the front ditching disc plough (2b) is a casing translation structure, which is used for the adjustment of the horizontal and vertical directions of the disc plough; The gearbox (2c) is internally driven by gears, and the tractor transmits power to the rotary tiller roller (2e) connected to it through the gearbox (2c); The upper and lower positions of the soil covering plate (2f) can be adjusted and fixed by means of bolt groups, which are used to control the feeding amount of crushed soil of the ridge device (3); The cover plate (2h) is mounted on the frame (2a) through hinges. 9. a kind of vegetable combined precision seeder according to claim 5, is characterized in that: The opener (4b) includes an opener clamp (4b1), an opener spring (4b2), an opener support handle (4b3), an opener sliding knife (4b4), a soil covering rod (4b5), Seed tube (4b6); The opener support handle (4b3) is installed on the lower part of the opener clamp (4b1), and a pin is used to limit the position between the opener support handle (4b3) and the opener clamp (4b1), which is used to determine The lowest position of the opener slider (4b4); The opener spring (4b2) is installed on the opener support handle (4b3), and is positioned with a pin, so that the opener sliding knife (4b4) has a restoring elasticity after being immersed in the soil; The opener slider (4b4) is welded to the bottom of the opener support handle (4b3), and the bottom plane of the opener slider (4b4) is parallel to the horizontal plane; The soil covering rod (4b5) is installed at the rear end of the opener sliding knife (4b4); The seed guide pipe (4b6) is welded to the rear end of the opener support handle (4b3), and the bottom of the seed guide pipe (4b6) is located above the bottom of the opener slider (4b4). 10. a kind of vegetable combined precision seeder according to claim 6, is characterized in that: The seed metering device (5b) comprises an air chamber (5b1), a seed metering shaft (5b2), a seed metering disc clamping sleeve (5b3), a sealing ring (5b4), a compression spring (5b5), a seed metering disc (5b6), Limit block (5b7), seed blocking plate (5b8), seed dialing needle (5b9), cover (5b10), seed unloading plug (5b11), seed discharge port (5b12); A seed metering shaft (5b2) is arranged at the center of the air chamber (5b1), and a seed metering disc clamping sleeve (5b3), a seed metering disc (5b6), and a compression spring (5b5) are sequentially installed on the seed metering shaft (5b2). ), the air chamber (5b1) and the seeding disc (5b6) are provided with a sealing ring (5b4), the left side of the air chamber (5b1) is provided with a cover (5b10), and the lower side of the cover is provided with The seed discharge port (5b12) is provided with a seed unloading plug (5b11) at the lower part, and a limit block (5b7), a seed blocking plate (5b8) and a seed dialing needle (5b9) are arranged inside the casing; The air chamber (5b1) and the seed-metering shaft (5b2) are installed through bearings, and the bearing is positioned with a retaining ring. One side of the seed-metering shaft (5b2) is milled with two planes for the seed-metering disc ferrule ( 5b3) circumferential positioning; The seed metering shaft (5b2), the compression spring (5b5), the seed metering disk (5b6), and the seed metering disk clamping sleeve (5b3) are closely connected, and are axially positioned and rotated synchronously through screws and flat washers.

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