CN211646291U - Combined water diversion device - Google Patents

Abstract

The combined water diversion device includes an inflow channel, a test channel and a drainage channel. The inflow channel, the test channel and the drainage channel are smoothly connected end to end to form a water channel. The water inlet pipeline of the inflow channel is equipped with a control valve, and the water outlet of the drainage channel The outflow weir is installed at the end; the test channel is equipped with a plurality of water passage walls that are used to change the water flow mode and are parallel to each other. The water passage walls are installed vertically in the test channel, and the test channel is divided into multiple test zones. Or there is a hole at the bottom, an overflow weir is arranged along the water wall, and only one side of the water wall is recessed inward to form a strip-shaped seam; The wall edge is formed as a notch weir water passage wall, and the rectangular notch is arranged on the upper edge of one end away from the strip slit and is partially staggered from the strip slit. The beneficial effects of the utility model are: easy to manufacture, easy to maintain, economical and practical, excellent in hydraulic properties, and can produce the advantages of turbulent zone and vortex zone required for fish migration.

Description

Combined water diversion device

technical field

The utility model relates to a combined water diversion device.

Background technique

In recent years, a large number of water conservancy facilities have been built in rivers to make up for the uneven distribution of water resources in my country in time and space. These artificial facilities destroy the connectivity of the original river, cause the fragmentation of the river's ecological environment, block the migratory channels of fish in the river, and cause a serious decline in the biodiversity of the river. In order to communicate the migratory channels of fishes and maintain biological diversity, fishways are usually set up in water conservancy hubs to achieve the goal of harmonious development of water resources and ecological environment. The effect of passing fish through the fishway and the hydraulic properties of the fishway pool are related to the fish's swimming habit. It is not simply to open a channel for the fish, and the fish will go up the channel meekly. Existing research data shows that among the fishways that have been built in the world, less than half of the fishways that fish can swim through. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to consider the ecological hydraulic characteristic factors in the design of the fish pass to restore the ecological environment of fish.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the defects in the existing design, the utility model proposes a combined water diversion device designed according to the flow characteristics after the overflow weir, the orifice and the vertical slit are combined and the fish swimming habit.

The combined water diversion device of the utility model is characterized in that it comprises an inflow channel, a test channel and a drainage channel, and the inflow channel, the test channel and the drainage channel are smoothly connected end to end to form a coaxial and mutually connected water channel , the inlet pipe of the inflow channel is equipped with a control valve, and the outlet end of the drainage channel is equipped with an outlet weir; the test channel is equipped with a plurality of water passage walls that are used to change the water flow mode and are parallel to each other. The water wall is installed vertically in the test channel, and the test channel is divided into multiple test zones. There is an opening in the middle or bottom of the water wall, an overflow weir is arranged along the water wall, and there is only one side of the water wall. The edge is recessed inward to form a strip-shaped slit; the top of the water-passing wall sinks into a rectangular notch, so that the edge of the water-passing wall is formed as a notch weir water-passing wall, and the rectangular notch is arranged at one end away from the strip-shaped slit. The upper edge, and staggered from the strip seam part.

The water flow through the water-passing wall can be divided into two flow modes: straight or staggered according to the flow pattern of the strip-shaped slits. The straight line means that the orthographic projections of the strip-shaped joints on the plane parallel to the water-passing wall coincide with each other, so that the water passing through the strips The water flow of the shaped seam is a linear water flow, and the staggered refers to the orthographic projection of the strip joints of the two adjacent water passages on the plane parallel to the water passage wall. The water flow in the seam is a curved water flow.

The water passage wall is vertically installed on the inner side wall of the water passage, and keeps the water passage wall perpendicular to the water passage bottom plate of the water passage.

The channel floor sandwiched between the most upstream water-passing wall and the most downstream water-passing wall is a stepped floor, and along the direction of water flow, the step height of the stepped floor decreases gradually, and the junction of the two adjacent steps is vertical. Fitted with a water wall.

The through hole is a rectangular hole or an oval hole.

The through hole is a rectangular hole, the long side of the rectangular hole is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the water channel corresponding to the test area, and the length-width ratio of the rectangular hole is 3:2.

The through opening is an oval hole, the upper part of the oval hole is a semi-circle, and the lower part is a semi-ellipse, wherein the diameter of the semi-circle coincides with the short axis of the semi-ellipse.

According to the position of the orifice on the water-passing wall, the passage is divided into a middle passage and a bottom passage, wherein the middle passage refers to the central position where the water passage wall is submerged in water, and the bottom passage refers to the lowest point of the orifice and the bottom passage. The riverbed is tangent.

The heights of the water passage walls are equal, so that the overflow weir on the top of the water passage walls forms a slope.

There are two types of overflow weirs, namely flat-top weirs and notch weirs. The bottom of the water channel is stepped along the course, and the height of the water wall on the bottom remains the same. Notched weirs are located on one side of the water passage wall and are arranged longitudinally staggered along the water passage. The flat-top weir flow channel is suitable for discharging rivers with large flow, while the notch weir flow channel is suitable for discharging rivers with small flow, which is convenient to choose according to the size of river runoff and the requirements of ecological base flow The type of weir flow; the flat top weir flow forms a two-dimensional water flow in the canal pool, while the notch weir flow forms a three-dimensional water flow in the canal pool, which is suitable for different jumping fish.

According to the shape of the opening, it can be divided into rectangular and oval. The rectangular hole is designed with an aspect ratio of a/b. The upper half of the oval hole is semicircular and the lower half is semielliptical. The orifice is divided into the middle port and the bottom port according to its position on the vertical partition. The middle port refers to the central position where the water passage wall is submerged in the water (the position of the middle hole can be designed according to the average water depth for many years), and the bottom port is It means that the lowest point of the orifice is tangent to the river bed. The orifice channel is suitable for large and medium-sized fish that like to migrate at the bottom, and has good adaptability to the fluctuation of upstream and downstream water levels.

The strip seam is a rectangular vertical seam set on the water channel of the water channel. The rectangular vertical seam on the water channel is arranged in a straight line on the same side and a staggered arrangement on the opposite side along the longitudinal direction of the water tank. Gap width ratio b/W and drop between pools. When combined with a notch weir, it is located on the opposite side of the notch weir. The strip slits are divided into the same side and the different side. If the strip slits are arranged in a straight line along the same side of the fishway tank, the mainstream trajectory is straight, which is beneficial to the fish with strong ability to swim back up faster, and the broodstock can be rushed once without stopping. Channel several water-passing walls; if the strip-shaped slits on the adjacent water-passing walls are staggered on different sides, the mainstream trajectory will be a curve, and a horizontal vortex will be formed in the fishway pool, which is conducive to the rest of the upstream fish.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the flow characteristics of the three combinations of overflow weirs, orifices and strip slits on the same water-passing wall not only have their own flow characteristics, but also form three The unique flow characteristics of the combination, coupled with the staggered arrangement of the upstream and downstream water walls in the same pool, is suitable for passing fish with different swimming habits, that is, in the same fishway, fish that like to jump can pass through. Through the fish that like to swim in the middle and lower layers, at the same time, it can pass through the fish with a variety of habits; it has simple structure, various forms, easy to make, easy to maintain, economical and practical, and excellent hydraulic characteristics, which can produce fish migration. The advantages of the turbulent region and the vortex region are required.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the fishway elevation schematic diagram of the present utility model (the A arrow represents the direction of water flow);

Fig. 2a is the front view (rectangular port) of the present utility model;

Figure 2b is a side view of the present utility model (rectangular port);

Figure 2c is a plan view (rectangular port) of the present utility model;

Detailed ways

The present utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Refer to the attached picture:

Embodiment 1 The combined water diversion device of the present invention includes an inflow channel 1, a test channel 2 and a drainage channel 3. The inflow channel 1, the test channel 2 and the drainage channel 3 are smoothly connected end to end, forming a coaxial and The water channels communicated with each other, the water inlet pipeline 11 of the inflow channel 1 is equipped with a control valve 12, and the water outlet end of the drainage channel 3 is equipped with an outflow weir 31; the test channel 2 is equipped with a plurality of blocks for changing the water flow The water-passing walls 4 that are parallel to each other in the same way, the water-passing walls 4 are vertically installed in the test channel 2, and the test channel 2 is divided into a plurality of test partitions. The upper edge of the water wall 4 is provided with an overflow weir, and the water wall 4 has one and only one side recessed inward to form a strip-shaped slit 42; The upper edge is formed as a notch weir water passage wall, and the rectangular notch is arranged on the upper edge away from one end of the strip slit 42 and is partially staggered from the strip slit 42 .

The water flow through the water passage wall 4 is divided into two flow modes: straight or staggered according to the water flow pattern passing through the strip slits. The straight line means that the orthographic projections of the strip slits on the plane parallel to the water passage wall coincide with each other, so that through The water flow of the strip seam is a linear water flow, and the staggered refers to the orthographic projection of the strip joints of the adjacent two water passage walls on the plane parallel to the water passage wall. The water flow of the slit is a curved water flow.

The water passage wall 4 is vertically installed on the inner side wall of the water passage channel, and keeps the water passage wall and the water passage channel bottom plate of the water passage channel perpendicular.

The channel bottom plate sandwiched between the most upstream water-passing wall and the most downstream water-passing wall is a stepped bottom plate 5, and along the water flow direction, the step height of the stepped bottom plate gradually decreases, and the junction of the two adjacent steps is Install a water-passing wall vertically.

The through hole 41 is a rectangular hole or an oval hole.

The through hole 41 is a rectangular hole, the long side of the rectangular hole is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the water channel corresponding to the test area, and the length-width ratio of the rectangular hole is 3:2.

The through opening 41 is an oval hole, the upper part of the oval hole is a semicircle, and the lower part is a semiellipse, wherein the diameter of the semicircle coincides with the short axis of the semiellipse.

The through port 41 is divided into a middle through port and a bottom through port according to the position of the orifice on the water passage wall, wherein the middle through port refers to the central position where the water passage wall is submerged in water, and the bottom through port refers to the lowest point of the orifice. Tangent to the riverbed.

The heights of the water passage walls 4 are equal, so that the overflow weir at the top of the water passage wall forms a slope, wherein the slope of the weir head is ΔH, the height of the water passage wall is H, and the length of the test area is L.

Example 2 The device body of the present utility model is a large glass water tank. The glass water tank is 20m long, 60cm wide and 100cm deep, and is divided into three sections: inflow channel 1, test channel 2 and drainage channel 3. The inflow channel 1 is made of steel plate; the test channel 2 is divided into 4 test areas by the water passage wall, which are named as No. 1 Pool ①, No. 2 Pool ②, No. 3 Pool ③ and No. 4 Pool④. The installation position of the water wall can be adjusted. The bottom of the water channel from the downstream pool to the upstream pool is stepped along the longitudinal direction of the water channel. The sides and bottom of the pool are made of tempered glass, and the water wall is a movable plexiglass or polyethylene plate; drainage channel 3 Both sides are polyethylene sheets. Using 5 equal-height water-passing walls, 4 test pools were separated in the test channel 2, and each pool was 1800mm long and 600mm wide. Use a stepped bottom plate to change the water depth of the pool, set a 50mm stepped bottom plate slope, and change the bottom plate height according to the experimental requirements, first set it as the 200mm bottom plate of the first pool.

The water-passing wall used in the embodiment is a combined form of a notch weir-rectangular central opening-100mm strip seam, the thickness of the water-passing wall is 10mm, the notch weir, the design size is 200×150mm (width×depth), and each water-passing wall is set The height difference of 50mm, that is, the first water-passing wall is 50mm higher than the second water-passing wall; there is a hole in the middle of the rectangle, and a bottom hole of 160×240mm (width×height) is set at the center of the water-passing wall; A rectangular strip with a width of 100mm is set on one side of the water-passing wall, and a height of 50mm is set from the top of the water-passing wall. By adjusting the outlet gate of the glass water tank, the flow rate can be changed to provide different ecological hydraulic conditions for migratory fish with different habits to pass through the orifice. Taking the position of the strip slit as a reference, the water flow through the water passage wall 4 is divided into two flow modes of straight line or staggered flow according to the water flow pattern passing through the strip slit.

The content described in the embodiments of the present specification is only an enumeration of the realization forms of the concept of the utility model, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention also includes the present invention. Equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the concept of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. combined water diversion device, it is characterized in that: comprise inflow channel, test channel and drainage channel, described inflow channel, test channel and drainage channel are smoothly connected end to end, form a coaxial and communicated water channel, described inflow channel The inlet pipe of the channel is equipped with a control valve, and the outlet end of the drainage channel is equipped with an outlet weir; the test channel is equipped with a plurality of water passage walls parallel to each other for changing the water flow mode, and the water passage walls are installed vertically In the test channel, the test channel is divided into a plurality of test zones, the middle or bottom of the water-passing wall is provided with an opening, an overflow weir is arranged along the water-passing wall, and only one side of the water-passing wall is recessed inward. A strip-shaped seam is formed; the rectangular recess on the top of the water-passing wall is formed so that the edge of the water-passing wall is formed as a notch weir water-passing wall, and the rectangular recess is arranged on the upper edge of one end away from the strip-shaped slot, and Staggered from the strip seam section. 2. The combined water diversion device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water flow through the water-passing wall is divided into two flow modes of straight line or staggered flow according to the water flow pattern passing through the strip slit, wherein the straight line refers to the strip slit The orthographic projections on the plane parallel to the water-passing wall coincide with each other, so that the water flow through the strip-shaped slit is a straight-line water flow. The orthographic projection of is symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the water-passing wall, so that the water flow through the strip slit is a curvilinear water flow. 3 . The combined water diversion device according to claim 2 , wherein the water passage wall is vertically installed on the inner side wall of the water passage channel, and keeps the water passage wall and the water channel bottom plate of the water passage channel perpendicular. 4 . 4. The combined water diversion device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the water channel bottom plate sandwiched between the most upstream water-passing wall and the most downstream water-passing wall is a stepped bottom plate, and along the water flow direction, the stepped bottom plate. The height of the steps of the bottom plate is gradually reduced, and a water-passing wall is installed vertically at the junction of the two adjacent steps. 5 . The combined water diversion device according to claim 1 , wherein the through opening is a rectangular hole or an oval hole. 6 . 6. combined water diversion device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described through port is a rectangular hole, the long side of the rectangular hole is perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate of the corresponding test area, and the aspect ratio of the rectangular hole is 3: 2. 7. The combined water diversion device of claim 5, wherein the through opening is an oval hole, the upper part of the oval hole is a semi-circle, and the lower part is a semi-ellipse, wherein the diameter of the semi-circle is the same as the diameter of the semi-ellipse. The short axis coincides. 8. The combined water diversion device according to any one of claims 1, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the through opening is divided into a middle through opening and a bottom through opening according to the position of the orifice on the water through wall. The middle port refers to the central position of the water passage wall submerged in the water, and the bottom port refers to the lowest point of the orifice that is tangent to the river bed. 9 . The combined water diversion device according to claim 1 , wherein the heights of the water passage walls are equal. 10 .

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