CN211606091U - Protection device and vehicle-mounted power supply device - Google Patents
Protection device and vehicle-mounted power supply device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211606091U CN211606091U CN202020370941.5U CN202020370941U CN211606091U CN 211606091 U CN211606091 U CN 211606091U CN 202020370941 U CN202020370941 U CN 202020370941U CN 211606091 U CN211606091 U CN 211606091U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a can carry out protection device and vehicle mounted power supply device handled to the abnormity that produces between input power supply or this input power supply and load device. In a protection device (100) disposed between an input power source (200) and a load device (300), a fuse (32), a surge voltage absorbing unit (20), a surge voltage suppressing unit (30), a reverse current preventing unit (40), a current reducing unit (50), and a filter unit (70) are connected in this order from the input power source (200) side to the load device (300) side.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a protection device and vehicle mounted power device.
Background
A power supply device that operates a load device such as an in-vehicle motor using electric power from a battery is known (for example, see patent document 1).
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2018-019520
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Problem to be solved by utility model
However, in such a power supply device, a short-circuit accident in a circuit of a subsequent stage, an abnormal voltage in an input power supply (for example, a battery), and the like may occur. Therefore, the following requirements are imposed on recent power supply devices: by providing a protection device between the input power source and the load device, even when the abnormality described above occurs, the input power source and/or the load device can be protected and safety can be ensured.
An object of the utility model is to provide a protection device and vehicle power supply unit that can handle the unusual of production between input power supply or this input power supply and load device.
Means for solving the problems
In order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention mainly provides a protection device which is disposed between an input power supply for supplying dc power and a load device for receiving operating power from the input power supply, and which includes:
a fuse connected in series in a connection line connecting the input power source with the load device;
a surge voltage absorbing unit absorbing a surge voltage flowing from the input power supply;
a surge voltage suppression unit that suppresses a surge voltage flowing from the input power supply;
a reverse current prevention unit that blocks a current flowing from the load device side to the input power supply side;
a current reduction unit that reduces a current flowing from the input power source to the load device; and
a filter unit that reduces noise included in the DC power supplied from the input power source,
the fuse, the surge voltage absorbing unit, the surge voltage suppressing unit, the backflow preventing unit, the current reducing unit, and the filter unit are connected in this order from the input power supply side to the load device side.
Optionally, the protection device further includes a noise absorbing unit connected in series to the connection line and absorbing noise included in the dc power supplied from the input power supply.
Optionally, the current reduction unit has a surge absorbing element connected between a high-side line and a low-side line of the connection line and a resistor connected in series in the connection line.
Optionally, the resistor is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.
Optionally, the resistor is formed by connecting a positive temperature coefficient thermistor and a negative temperature coefficient thermistor in series.
Optionally, the surge voltage absorbing unit has a high voltage absorbing capacitor connected between the high and low voltage side wires of the connection line.
Optionally, the high voltage absorption capacitor is a ceramic capacitor.
Optionally, the high voltage absorbing capacitor is a thin film capacitor.
Optionally, the surge voltage absorbing unit has a varistor element connected between the high-voltage side line and the low-voltage side line of the connection line.
Optionally, the piezoresistive element is a zinc oxide piezoresistive element.
Alternatively, the reverse current prevention unit has a rectifying element connected in series in the connection line to block the passage of a reverse current.
Optionally, the surge voltage suppression unit has a surge absorbing element connected between the high-side line and the low-side line of the connection line.
Optionally, the surge absorbing element is a zener diode.
Optionally, the surge voltage suppression unit has a fuse connected between the high-voltage side line and the low-voltage side line of the connection line.
Optionally, the filter unit has a capacitor connected between the high-side line and the low-side line of the connection line.
Optionally, the capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a film capacitor or a ceramic capacitor.
Optionally, the filter unit has a common mode choke, which is connected in series in the connection line.
Alternatively, the protection device is disposed between the input power source and an inverter circuit that converts the dc power supplied from the input power source into ac power and sends the ac power to the load device.
In addition, another aspect of the present invention is an in-vehicle power supply device including the above-described protection device.
Effect of the utility model
According to the present invention, even when an abnormal condition occurs between the input power supply or the input power supply and the load device, the input power supply, the load device, and the like can be protected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a protection device according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing resistance characteristics of a resistor according to an embodiment.
Description of the reference numerals
100 protective device
10 fuse
20 surge voltage absorbing unit
21 high-voltage absorption capacitor
30 surge voltage suppression unit
31 surge absorbing element
32 fuse
40 reverse flow prevention unit
41. 42 rectifying element
50 current reduction unit
51 resistor
51a PTC thermistor
51b NTC thermistor
52 voltage stabilizing element
60 noise absorbing unit
61. 62 ferrite bead
70 filter unit
71 common mode choke
72. 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 capacitor
200 input power supply
300 load device
400 inverter device
L1 high pressure side line
L2 Low pressure sidedraw
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present specification and the drawings, components having substantially the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof is omitted.
An example of the structure of the protection device according to an embodiment will be described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2. In the present embodiment, a description will be given of a form of a protection device applied to an in-vehicle power supply device.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a protection device 100 according to the present embodiment.
Protection device 100 is mounted on a vehicle together with input power supply 200, load device 300, and inverter device 400. The protection device 100 is connected between the input power source 200 and the load device 300 (more specifically, between the input power source 200 and the inverter device 400). The protection device 100 receives dc power from the input power source 200 and sends the dc power to the inverter device 400. The dc power is converted into ac power by the inverter device 400, and then transmitted to the load device 300. The protection device 100 is not limited to the configuration connected between the input power source 200 and the inverter device 400, and may be connected between the input power source 200 and another power converter. Examples of the power converter include a DC-DC converter.
Here, the input power source 200 is a power source that supplies dc power, and is a battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel hydrogen secondary battery, or an electric double layer capacitor. A24V/50W battery is used as the input power source 200 of the present embodiment. The input power source 200 may be connected to a commercial external power source or an ac generator (not shown), for example, and may be configured to be charged using the commercial external power source or the ac generator.
The protection device 100 includes: fuse 10, surge voltage absorbing unit 20, surge voltage suppressing unit 30, reverse current preventing unit 40, current reducing unit 50, noise absorbing unit 60, and filter unit 70. In the protection device 100, the fuse 10, the surge voltage absorbing unit 20, the surge voltage suppressing unit 30, the backflow preventing unit 40, the current reducing unit 50, the noise absorbing unit 60, and the filter unit 70 are provided in this order from the input power source 200 side to the load device 300 side.
The fuse 10 is connected in series in the high-voltage side line L1, and blows out in the event of a short circuit in a circuit at a later stage than itself (i.e., the load device 300 side). Fuse 10 thereby cuts off the supply of electric power from input power source 200, and prevents damage to inverter device 400 and input power source 200. The fuse 10 is an electronic component that protects a circuit when a current equal to or higher than a rated value flows through the circuit due to some abnormality.
The surge voltage absorbing unit 20 absorbs a surge voltage flowing from the input power source 200. The surge voltage absorbing unit 20 is configured to include a high-voltage absorbing capacitor 21 connected between a high-voltage side line L1 and a low-voltage side line L2, for example. As the high voltage absorbing capacitor 21, for example, a film capacitor or a ceramic capacitor is used.
In addition, the surge voltage absorbing unit 20 may include a varistor element such as a zinc oxide varistor between the high-voltage side line L1 and the low-voltage side line L2. By providing the surge voltage absorbing unit 20 in this manner, the surge voltage flowing from the input power supply 200 can be absorbed and the surge voltage can be suppressed greatly.
The surge voltage suppression unit 30 suppresses a surge voltage flowing from the input power supply 200. The surge voltage suppressing unit 30 includes a series connection body connected between a high-voltage line L1 and a low-voltage line L2 and configured by connecting the surge absorbing element 31 and the fuse 32 in series. Note that a bidirectional zener diode is used as the surge absorbing element 31 of the present embodiment. The surge absorbing element 31 operates when the input voltage exceeds 30V, for example.
The surge voltage to be handled by the surge voltage absorbing unit 20 and the surge voltage suppressing unit 30 includes, for example, a surge voltage input from an external power supply (e.g., a commercial external power supply) (not shown) connected to the input power supply 200, a surge voltage generated by a load dump phenomenon in an ac generator (not shown) of a vehicle connected to the input power supply 200, and the like. By providing the surge voltage suppressing unit 30, even if the surge voltage flowing from the input power supply 200 is not completely absorbed by the surge voltage absorbing unit 20, the surge voltage can be reduced by the surge voltage suppressing unit 30. Here, the surge voltage is a transient high voltage applied between the high-voltage side line L1 and the low-voltage side line L2. For example, a case where a surge voltage is applied between the high-voltage side line L1 and the low-voltage side line L2 due to a lightning stroke or the like is included.
The reverse current prevention unit 40 blocks a current flowing from the load device 300 side to the input power source 200 side. The backflow prevention unit 40 prevents a backflow of current particularly when the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the input power source 200 are reversely connected. The backflow prevention unit 40 is configured to include, for example, rectifier elements (e.g., rectifier diodes) 41 and 42 connected in series between the input and the output of the protection device 100. The rectifier device 41 and the rectifier device 42 are connected to the input power source 200 side at the anode and the load device 300 side at the high-voltage side line L1, respectively, and the rectifier device 41 and the rectifier device 42 are disposed in parallel.
The current reduction unit 50 reduces the current flowing in the circuit. The current reduction unit 50 is constituted by a resistor 51 connected in series in the high-voltage side line L1. With this configuration, it is possible to handle inrush current generated when a large voltage difference is generated between the high-voltage side line L1 and the low-voltage side line L2. In particular, when the input power source 200 stores electric charges in the capacitors 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, and 77 of the filter unit 70 in advance, a voltage difference is generated between the input power source 200 and the capacitors 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, and 77, and therefore the resistor 51 is required for reducing an inrush current generated by the voltage difference. In addition, the current reduction unit 50 may have a voltage stabilization element 52 in addition to the resistor 51. The voltage stabilizing element 52 is connected between the high-voltage side line L1 and the low-voltage side line L2. Here, as the voltage stabilizing element 52, for example, a zener diode having a cathode connected to the high-voltage side line L1 and an anode connected to the low-voltage side line L2 is used. By using the zener diode, it is possible to cope with not only a case where an instantaneous overvoltage occurs but also a case where a steady overvoltage occurs, and thus it is possible to stabilize a current and a voltage flowing through a circuit.
The resistor 51 is constituted by, for example, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistor 51 a. The PTC thermistor 51a has a property that the resistance value becomes large in the case where the temperature rises. Therefore, when an overcurrent is generated in the resistor 51, the resistance value can be increased by the temperature rise of the resistor 51. Thereby, the current value can be effectively reduced when an overcurrent is generated in the resistor 51. The resistor 51 may be formed of a series connection body in which, for example, a PTC thermistor 51a and an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor 51b are connected in series. With such a configuration, the PTC thermistor 51a can be supplemented by the NTC thermistor 51 b. This is particularly effective in the case where the above-described inrush current is generated. The inrush current is generated in a short time, so the temperature of the resistor 51 does not rise sufficiently. Therefore, if the resistor 51 is only the PTC thermistor 51a, the resistance value does not increase. The NTC thermistor 51b has a property that the resistance value becomes small in the case where the temperature rises. Therefore, by connecting the NTC thermistor 51b and the PTC thermistor 51a in series, the resistance value can be increased even when an overcurrent flows in a short time like an inrush current.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the resistance characteristics of the resistor 51 according to the present embodiment.
Note that the PTC thermistor 51a has a characteristic in which the resistance value is low at low temperatures and increases at elevated temperatures (see a graph R1 in fig. 2). The NTC thermistor 51b has a characteristic in which the resistance value is low at a high temperature and increases at a low temperature (see a graph R2 of fig. 2). Therefore, by connecting the PTC thermistor 51a and the NTC thermistor 51b in series, it is possible to realize a resistance characteristic having a high resistance value at low and high temperatures and a low resistance value at a temperature between the low and high temperatures (see the graph Rall of fig. 2).
The resistor 51 of the present embodiment sets the resistance characteristics of the PTC thermistor 51a and the NTC thermistor 51b as follows: the resistor 51 functions as a high-resistance element in a temperature state (T1 in fig. 2) before the input power source 200 starts receiving electric power and in a temperature state (T3 in fig. 2) when an overvoltage or overcurrent occurs, and the resistor 51 functions as a low-resistance element in a temperature state (T2 in fig. 2) when the input power source 200 continues receiving electric power.
With such a configuration, the resistor 51 of the present embodiment suppresses an inrush current generated when the input power supply 200 starts receiving power, and suppresses a current level when an overcurrent is generated. In addition, this suppresses a voltage drop and power loss caused by the resistor 51 in normal use.
The noise absorption unit 60 absorbs noise components contained in the dc power output from the input power supply 200. The noise absorption unit 60 is configured to include ferrite beads 61 and 62 disposed in the high-voltage side line L1, for example. The ferrite beads 61 and 62 act on the annular magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the high-voltage line L1 to form an inductance, thereby suppressing a noise component contained in the current flowing through the high-voltage line L1. In addition, since the energy of the current is lost as a loss (magnetic loss) in the ferrite in the high frequency region, the ferrite beads 61 and 62 can absorb and remove noise components contained in the current passing through the high voltage side line L1. Here, the noise is a signal that does not necessarily propagate to the load device 300, among signals flowing through the high-voltage side line L1 or the low-voltage side line L2.
The noise absorbing means 60 performs the above-described operation by two ferrite beads 61 and 62 connected in parallel. This reduces the current level of the current flowing through the ferrite beads 61 and 62.
The filter unit 70 is configured to include, for example: the common mode choke 71 is connected in series between the input and output of the protection device 100, the capacitors 72, 73, 74 connected between the high-voltage side line L1 and the low-voltage side line L2 on the front stage side of the common mode choke 71, and the capacitors 75, 76, 77 connected between the high-voltage side line L1 and the low-voltage side line L2 on the rear stage side of the common mode choke 71.
The capacitors 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, and 77 are, for example, electrolytic capacitors, film capacitors, or ceramic capacitors.
As described above, according to the protection device 100 of the present embodiment, even when an abnormality (for example, a short circuit, a surge voltage, an abnormal voltage, or the like) occurs in the input power source 200 or between the input power source 200 and the load device 300, the inverter device 400, the input power source 200, or the like can be protected. In addition, safety can thereby be ensured.
Specific examples of the present invention have been described above in detail, but these are merely examples and do not limit the claims. The techniques recited in the claims include those obtained by variously changing or modifying the specific examples illustrated above.
Industrial applicability
According to the present invention, even when an abnormal condition occurs between the input power supply or the input power supply and the load device, the input power supply, and the like can be protected.
Claims (19)
1. A protection device disposed between an input power supply for supplying DC power and a load device for receiving operating power from the input power supply, comprising:
a fuse connected in series in a connection line connecting the input power source with the load device;
a surge voltage absorbing unit absorbing a surge voltage flowing from the input power supply;
a surge voltage suppression unit that suppresses a surge voltage flowing from the input power supply;
a reverse current prevention unit that blocks a current flowing from the load device side to the input power supply side;
a current reduction unit that reduces a current flowing from the input power source to the load device; and
a filter unit that reduces noise included in the DC power supplied from the input power source,
the fuse, the surge voltage absorbing unit, the surge voltage suppressing unit, the backflow preventing unit, the current reducing unit, and the filter unit are connected in this order from the input power supply side to the load device side.
2. The protection device of claim 1,
the noise absorbing means is connected in series to the connection line, and absorbs noise included in the dc power supplied from the input power source.
3. The protection device of claim 1,
the current reduction unit has a surge absorbing element connected between a high-voltage side line and a low-voltage side line of the connection line and a resistor connected in series in the connection line.
4. A protection device according to claim 3,
the resistor is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.
5. A protection device according to claim 3,
the resistor is formed by connecting a positive temperature coefficient thermistor and a negative temperature coefficient thermistor in series.
6. The protection device of claim 1,
the surge voltage absorbing unit has a high voltage absorbing capacitor connected between a high voltage side line and a low voltage side line of the connection line.
7. The protection device of claim 6,
the high voltage absorption capacitor is a ceramic capacitor.
8. The protection device of claim 6,
the high voltage absorption capacitor is a thin film capacitor.
9. The protection device of claim 1,
the surge voltage absorbing unit has a varistor element connected between a high-voltage side line and a low-voltage side line of the connection line.
10. The protection device of claim 9,
the piezoresistive element is a zinc oxide piezoresistive element.
11. The protection device of claim 1,
the reverse-flow prevention unit includes a rectifying element connected in series to the connection line and blocking a reverse current from flowing therethrough.
12. The protection device of claim 1,
the surge voltage suppression unit has a surge absorption element connected between a high-voltage side line and a low-voltage side line of the connection line.
13. The protection device of claim 12,
the surge absorbing element is a zener diode.
14. The protection device of claim 1,
the surge voltage suppression unit has a fuse connected between a high-voltage side line and a low-voltage side line of the connection line.
15. The protection device of claim 1,
the filter unit has a capacitor connected between a high-voltage side line and a low-voltage side line of the connection line.
16. The protection device of claim 15,
the capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a film capacitor or a ceramic capacitor.
17. The protection device of claim 1,
the filter unit has a common mode choke coil connected in series in the connection line.
18. The protection device according to claim 1, wherein the protection device is disposed between the input power source and an inverter circuit that converts the dc power supplied from the input power source into ac power and sends the ac power to the load device.
19. An in-vehicle power supply device comprising the protection device according to claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019064937A JP2020167807A (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2019-03-28 | Protective device and on-vehicle power supply device |
| JP2019-064937 | 2019-03-28 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN211606091U true CN211606091U (en) | 2020-09-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202020370941.5U Active CN211606091U (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2020-03-23 | Protection device and vehicle-mounted power supply device |
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|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2020167807A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN211606091U (en) |
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2019
- 2019-03-28 JP JP2019064937A patent/JP2020167807A/en active Pending
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| JP2020167807A (en) | 2020-10-08 |
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Effective date of registration: 20240326 Address after: Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan Patentee after: Panasonic Automotive Electronic Systems Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: Ri Ben Address before: Osaka, Japan Patentee before: PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: Ri Ben |