CN211579593U - Impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection and broadband antenna impedance converter - Google Patents
Impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection and broadband antenna impedance converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides an impedance transformation circuit and broadband antenna impedance converter who carries out lightning protection for shortwave signal transmission. The impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection comprises: the impedance conversion module comprises a first signal input end, a second signal input end, a first discharge unit, an impedance conversion module, a signal output end, a grounding end and a second discharge unit; the first end of the first discharge unit is connected with the first signal input end, and the second end of the first discharge unit is connected with the second signal input end; a first input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a first end of the first discharge unit, and a second input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a second end of the first discharge unit; the first output end of the impedance transformation module is connected with the signal output end; the second output end of the impedance transformation module is connected with the grounding end. The utility model discloses a broadband antenna impedance transformer has realized shortwave signal balance/unbalanced conversion, multistage lightning protection and impedance matching function, has good environment suitability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a shortwave communication field especially relates to an impedance transformation circuit and broadband antenna impedance converter who carries out lightning protection.
Background
With the rapid development of the short-wave communication field in China, more severe requirements are put forward on the short-wave signal transmission technology from an antenna array to a machine room. The traditional short wave signal transmission technology adopts an overhead open line to realize short wave signal transmission of 4 balanced input lines, and has high erection difficulty, technological requirements and maintenance cost, so that the technology is conceivable; the long-distance overhead balanced transmission line enables an antenna array to be easily interfered by low lightning, rear-end equipment such as an antenna sharer and a short-wave receiver is damaged, meanwhile, the transmission line can also play a role in receiving the antenna, and serious interference of other irrelevant signals is introduced; in addition, the short-wave signal transmission generally has the impedance matching requirement, namely the load impedance and the transmission line characteristic impedance are required to be equal, or the characteristic impedances of two sections of transmission lines are kept consistent, so that the reflection and interference phenomena generated during connection and transmission are avoided. Although the traditional impedance converter can achieve the purpose of impedance matching, the design of the radio frequency balanced/unbalanced converter which is not optimized enough often results in large insertion loss, and greatly reduces the transmission efficiency of short-wave signals of an antenna broadband.
In view of this, the present invention is proposed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an impedance transformation circuit and broadband antenna impedance converter who carries out lightning protection for it easily receives thunder and lightning and irrelevant signal interference and the big scheduling problem of balanced/unbalanced signal conversion insertion loss to need long distance overhead balanced transmission line, antenna array ground from antenna array to computer lab shortwave signal transmission prior art to solve.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection, and the following technical solutions are adopted:
an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection, comprising: a first signal input end for receiving a first path of balance signal of a signal source; a second signal input end for receiving a second path of balance signal of the signal source; the first discharging unit is used for guiding direct lightning or induced lightning to flow into the ground, a first end of the first discharging unit is connected with the first signal input end, and a second end of the first discharging unit is connected with the second signal input end; the impedance transformation module is used for converting the balanced signal into an unbalanced signal, a first input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a first end of the discharge unit, and a second input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a second end of the first discharge unit; the signal output end is used for outputting the unbalanced signal and is connected with the first output end of the impedance transformation module; the grounding end is used for realizing grounding of each circuit device and is connected with the second output end of the impedance transformation module; and the second discharge unit is used for guiding the strong interference signal which is not processed by the first discharge unit to enter the ground, and is arranged between the signal output end and the grounding end.
Further, the first discharge unit includes: the first discharge tube is used for accessing the balance signal, and the gap discharger realizes voltage limiting protection; a first input electrode of the first discharge tube is used as a first end of the first discharge unit, a second input electrode of the first discharge tube is used as a second end of the first discharge unit, and a ground electrode of the first discharge tube is connected with the T-shaped plate of the gap discharger; the first discharge electrode of the gap discharger is connected with the first input electrode of the first discharge tube, the second discharge electrode of the gap discharger is connected with the second input electrode of the first discharge tube, and the T-shaped plate of the gap discharger is connected to the grounding terminal.
Further, the first discharge tube employs a three-stage ceramic gas discharge tube, including: a first input electrode, a second input electrode and a grounding electrode.
Further, the gap discharger includes: the device comprises a first fixed clamping seat, a second fixed clamping seat, a T-shaped plate, a first discharge electrode and a second discharge electrode; a first input electrode of the first discharge tube is fixed in an elastic clamp spring of the first fixing clamp seat, a second input electrode of the first discharge tube is fixed in an elastic clamp spring of the second fixing clamp seat, a grounding electrode of the first discharge tube is connected to the T-shaped plate through the elastic clamp spring, and the T-shaped plate is connected to the grounding end through a wire; the first discharge electrode is fixed on a screw hole at the suspended end of the first fixed clamping seat, and the second discharge electrode is fixed on a screw hole at the suspended end of the second fixed clamping seat; the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode are vertically aligned with the cross arm of the T-shaped plate, and a proper discharge gap is reserved.
Furthermore, the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode adopt copper screws with hemispherical heads; the first fixing clamping seat, the second fixing clamping seat and the T-shaped plate are all made of copper materials.
Furthermore, the impedance transformation module comprises a first input end, a second input end, a magnetic ring, a first output end and a second output end; a first input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a first input electrode of the first discharge tube, and a second input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a second input electrode of the first discharge tube; the first output end of the impedance transformation module is connected with the signal output end, and the second output end of the impedance transformation module is connected to the grounding end;
further, the impedance transformation module further includes: the first strand of enameled wire, the second strand of enameled wire and the third strand of enameled wire are used for realizing different impedance transformation; wherein, the connection method of the multi-strand enameled wire comprises but is not limited to: the first strand of enameled wire, the second strand of enameled wire and the third strand of enameled wire are uniformly wound on the magnetic ring for 12 circles side by side;
a first outgoing line of the first strand of enameled wire is used as a first input end of the impedance transformation module; a first outgoing line of the second strand of enameled wire is used as a second input end of the impedance transformation module; a first outgoing line of the third strand of enameled wire is used as a first output end of the impedance transformation module; and the second outgoing line of the first strand of enameled wire, the second outgoing line of the second strand of enameled wire and the second outgoing line of the third strand of enameled wire are twisted together and are jointly used as a second output end of the impedance conversion module.
Furthermore, the magnetic ring is a nickel-zinc ferrite soft magnetic ring.
Furthermore, the second discharge unit adopts a secondary ceramic gas discharge tube and is directly welded between the signal output end and the output end in parallel.
According to the utility model discloses a second aspect provides a broadband antenna impedance transformer who carries out lightning protection to adopt following technical scheme: the broadband antenna impedance transformer for lightning protection comprises the impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection and a box with input and output threaded holes; the first signal input end, the second signal input end and the grounding end are fixed on the box shell through threaded holes.
The utility model discloses an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection, which achieves the purpose of triple lightning protection by adding a three-stage ceramic gas discharge tube, a gap discharger and a two-stage ceramic gas discharge tube, thereby avoiding the damage of lightning or other strong interference signals to the circuit rear-end equipment; meanwhile, the insertion loss of balanced/unbalanced signal conversion is reduced by optimizing the design of the impedance conversion module, and good impedance matching is realized; the utility model discloses a carry out lightning protection's broadband antenna impedance converter converts coaxial cable transmission shortwave signal in advance to, reduces the circuit by a wide margin and erects the cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a specific circuit diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an impedance converter for a broadband lightning protected antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a transformer circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection includes: a first signal input terminal 11 and a second signal input terminal 12 for receiving signal source balance signals; a first discharge unit 30 for guiding direct lightning or induced lightning to flow into the ground, a first end of the first discharge unit 30 being connected to the first signal input terminal 11, and a second end of the first discharge unit 30 being connected to the second signal input terminal 12; an impedance transformation module 50 for transforming the balanced signal into an unbalanced signal, a first input terminal of the impedance transformation module 50 being connected to a first terminal of the first discharge unit 30, and a second input terminal of the impedance transformation module 50 being connected to a second terminal of the first discharge unit 30; a signal output terminal 71 for outputting the unbalanced signal, wherein the signal output terminal 71 is connected to a first output terminal of the impedance transformation module 50; a ground terminal 72 for grounding each circuit device, wherein the ground terminal 72 is connected to the second output terminal of the impedance transformation module 50; a second discharge unit 60 for guiding the strong interference signal not processed by the first discharge unit 30 to ground, wherein the second discharge unit 60 is disposed between the signal output terminal 71 and the ground terminal 72.
According to the technical scheme, the balanced signal of the antenna array signal source is input to the impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection through the first signal input end 11 and the second signal input end 12; under normal conditions, the first discharge unit 30 is in a high-resistance off state, and once a signal input exceeding a set voltage appears, the first discharge unit 30 is rapidly switched on to guide the lightning current to the ground; the impedance conversion module 50 converts the short wave signal from balanced input to unbalanced input, and after the second discharge unit 60 processes the unbalanced input residual strong interference signal, the signal output end 70 finally transmits the unbalanced short wave signal to the machine room through the coaxial cable.
This embodiment provides an impedance transformation circuit who carries out lightning protection through above-mentioned technical scheme for need among the solution short wave signal transmission prior art long distance overhead balanced transmission line, antenna array easily receive thunder and lightning and strong signal interference and balanced/unbalanced signal conversion's insertion loss big scheduling problem, whole circuit principle is clear, simple structure, economical and practical.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the first discharge cell 30 includes: a first discharge tube 301 for receiving the balanced signal and a gap discharger 302 connected to the first discharge tube. Wherein a first input electrode of the first discharge tube 301 is used as a first end of the first discharge unit 30, a second input electrode of the first discharge tube 301 is used as a second end of the first discharge unit 30, and a ground electrode of the first discharge tube 301 is connected to the T-shaped plate of the gap discharger 302; the first discharge electrode of the gap discharger 302 is connected to the first input electrode of the first discharge tube 301, the second discharge electrode of the gap discharger 302 is connected to the second input electrode of the first discharge tube 301, and the T-shaped plate of the gap discharger 302 is connected to the ground terminal 72.
The first discharge tube 301 is a three-stage ceramic gas discharge tube, and includes: a first input electrode, a second input electrode and a grounding electrode.
As an optimized implementation scheme, under the normal condition of balanced signal input, the three-stage ceramic gas discharge tube is in a high-resistance disconnection state; when the input signal exceeds the set voltage, the three-stage ceramic gas discharge tube is rapidly conducted, and the lightning current is led away through the ground end, so that the first heavy lightning protection of the impedance transformation circuit is realized.
The gap discharger 302 includes: the device comprises a first fixed clamping seat, a second fixed clamping seat, a T-shaped plate, a first discharge electrode and a second discharge electrode; a first input electrode of the first discharge tube 301 is fixed in the elastic clamp spring of the first fixing clamp seat, a second input electrode of the first discharge tube 301 is fixed in the elastic clamp spring of the second fixing clamp seat, a ground electrode of the first discharge tube 301 is connected to the T-shaped plate through the elastic clamp spring, and the T-shaped plate is connected to the ground terminal through a wire; the first discharge electrode is fixed on a screw hole at the suspended end of the first fixed clamping seat, and the second discharge electrode is fixed on a screw hole at the suspended end of the second fixed clamping seat; the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode are vertically aligned with the cross arm of the T-shaped plate, and a proper discharge gap is reserved. The first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode are copper screws with hemispherical heads; the first fixing clamping seat, the second fixing clamping seat and the T-shaped plate are all made of copper materials.
According to the technical scheme, the size of the discharge gap of the gap discharger 302 is adjusted by rotating the depth of the screw in the clamping seat, and then the small limiting and fixing screw is screwed down to fix and lock the gap; under normal conditions, the gap discharge device is in a high-resistance off state; when the input signal exceeds the set voltage, the gap discharge device is rapidly conducted, the lightning current is directly led away through the grounding path, and the second lightning protection of the impedance transformation circuit is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the impedance transformation module 50 employs an impedance transformation transformer, and includes a first input terminal 501, a second input terminal 502, a magnetic ring 503, a first output terminal 504, and a second output terminal 505; a first input terminal 501 of the impedance transformation module 50 is connected to a first input electrode of the first discharge tube 301, and a second input terminal 502 of the impedance transformation module 50 is connected to a second input electrode of the first discharge tube 301; the first output terminal 504 of the impedance transformation module 50 is connected to the signal output terminal 71, and the second output terminal 505 of the impedance transformation module 50 is connected to the ground terminal 72.
The impedance transformation module 50 further includes: the first strand of enameled wire, the second strand of enameled wire and the third strand of enameled wire are used for realizing impedance transformation; wherein,
the splicing of multiple enameled wires includes, but is not limited to: the first strand of enameled wire, the second strand of enameled wire and the third strand of enameled wire are uniformly wound on the magnetic ring for 12 circles side by side;
a first outgoing line of the first strand of enameled wire is used as a first input end 501 of the impedance transformation module; a first outgoing line of the second strand of enameled wire is used as a second input end 502 of the impedance transformation module; a first outgoing line of the third strand of enameled wire is used as a first output end 504 of the impedance transformation module; the second outgoing line of the first strand of enameled wire, the second outgoing line of the second strand of enameled wire, and the second outgoing line of the third strand of enameled wire are twisted together and collectively used as a second output end 505 of the impedance transformation module.
More specifically, the magnetic ring 503 is a nickel-zinc ferrite soft magnetic ring, has an outer diameter of 15mm, an inner diameter of 9mm, and a thickness of 8mm, and has the characteristics of high magnetic permeability and high output power.
It should be understood that the principle of impedance transformation of a transformer is shown in fig. 6. According to ohm's law, the following holds:
if the losses of the transformer are not taken into account, the input power P1 is equal to the output power P2, i.e.
Because of this, it is possible to reduce the number of the,
therefore, the first and second electrodes are formed on the substrate,
namely, Z1＝n2Z2Or
In the formula: z1-a transformer input impedance;
Z2-a transformer secondary load impedance;
n is the turn ratio of the primary and secondary coils of the transformer, and is the transformation ratio of the transformer. It follows from the above equation that the ratio of the primary and secondary impedances of the transformer is equal to the square of the ratio of the primary and secondary turns.
In this embodiment, through the above technical solution, an impedance transformer and a connection method thereof are provided, so that conversion from balanced input to unbalanced input of a short-wave signal is realized, and in addition, a turn ratio between an input end and an output end 24:12 of the impedance transformer completes signal voltage conversion of 4:1, so as to realize impedance matching of 200 Ω to 50 Ω. The impedance conversion requirements of different ratios can be met by reducing or increasing the number of turns of the input and output coils, and the flexibility of the short-wave impedance conversion circuit is greatly improved.
Fig. 4 is a specific circuit diagram of an impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the second discharge unit 60 employs a two-stage ceramic gas discharge tube 601 and is directly soldered in parallel between the signal output terminal 71 and the ground terminal 72.
As an optimized implementation scheme, under the normal condition of unbalanced signal input, the secondary ceramic gas discharge tube is in a high-resistance disconnection state; when the circuit has a strong interference signal which is not processed completely by the third-stage ceramic gas discharge tube and the gap discharger, the second-stage ceramic gas discharge tube is conducted rapidly, and the strong interference signal is led away through the ground end, so that the third lightening protection of the impedance conversion circuit is realized.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of an engineering diagram of a wideband antenna impedance converter for lightning protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In a second aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, there is provided a broadband antenna impedance transformer for lightning protection, comprising the above impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection and a box with an input/output threaded hole; the first signal input terminal 11, the second signal input terminal 12 and the ground terminal 72 are all fixed to the box housing through threaded holes.
In this embodiment, according to the above technical solution, the signal output end 71 adopts an N-type female connector with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and is used for connecting a coaxial cable with a radio frequency of 50 Ω, the coaxial cable includes a signal output core wire and a shielding layer, and the signal output core wire is used for transmitting unbalanced short-wave signals; the shielding layer can shield the interference of the environment to the transmission of short wave signals, and can connect the shells of the devices and the transmission line together, and the common ground is realized by grounding the ground wire.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a carry out broadband antenna impedance converter of lightning protection is through optimizing discharge unit and impedance transformation transformer design, can realize impedance matching according to user's demand in a flexible way, effectively solve and need among the current short wave signal transmission technology long distance overhead balanced transmission line, antenna array easily receive environment thunder and lightning and irrelevant signal interference and balanced/unbalanced signal conversion loss big scheduling problem, realize functions such as triple lightning protection of broadband antenna short wave signal transmission, balanced/unbalanced signal conversion and impedance matching.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection, comprising:
a first signal input for receiving a signal source balance signal;
a second signal input for receiving a signal source balance signal;
the first discharging unit is used for guiding direct lightning or induced lightning to flow into the ground, a first end of the first discharging unit is connected with the first signal input end, and a second end of the first discharging unit is connected with the second signal input end;
the impedance transformation module is used for converting the balanced signal into an unbalanced signal, a first input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a first end of the first discharge unit, and a second input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a second end of the first discharge unit;
the signal output end is used for outputting the unbalanced signal and is connected with the first output end of the impedance transformation module;
the grounding end is used for realizing grounding of each circuit device and is connected with the second output end of the impedance transformation module;
and the second discharge unit is used for guiding the strong interference signal which is not processed by the first discharge unit to enter the ground, and is arranged between the signal output end and the grounding end.
2. The lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of claim 1, wherein the first discharge unit comprises: the first discharge tube is used for accessing the balance signal, and the gap discharger realizes voltage limiting protection; wherein,
a first input electrode of the first discharge tube is used as a first end of the first discharge unit, a second input electrode of the first discharge tube is used as a second end of the first discharge unit, and a ground electrode of the first discharge tube is connected with the T-shaped plate of the gap discharger; the first discharge electrode of the gap discharger is connected with the first input electrode of the first discharge tube, the second discharge electrode of the gap discharger is connected with the second input electrode of the first discharge tube, and the T-shaped plate of the gap discharger is connected to the grounding terminal.
3. The lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of claim 2, wherein the first discharge tube is a three-stage ceramic gas discharge tube comprising: a first input electrode, a second input electrode and a grounding electrode.
4. The lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of claim 2, wherein the gap arrestor comprises: the device comprises a first fixed clamping seat, a second fixed clamping seat, a T-shaped plate, a first discharge electrode and a second discharge electrode; wherein,
a first input electrode of the first discharge tube is fixed in an elastic clamp spring of the first fixing clamp seat, a second input electrode of the first discharge tube is fixed in an elastic clamp spring of the second fixing clamp seat, a grounding electrode of the first discharge tube is connected to the T-shaped plate through the elastic clamp spring, and the T-shaped plate is connected to the grounding end through a wire;
the first discharge electrode is fixed on a screw hole at the suspended end of the first fixed clamping seat, and the second discharge electrode is fixed on a screw hole at the suspended end of the second fixed clamping seat; the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode are vertically aligned with the cross arm of the T-shaped plate, and a proper discharge gap is reserved.
5. The lightning protection impedance transformation circuit of claim 4, wherein the first and second discharge electrodes are copper screws with hemispherical heads; the first fixing clamping seat, the second fixing clamping seat and the T-shaped plate are all made of copper materials.
6. The lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of claim 1, wherein the impedance transformation module comprises a first input, a second input, a magnetic loop, a first output, a second output; wherein,
a first input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a first input electrode of a first discharge tube, and a second input end of the impedance transformation module is connected with a second input electrode of the first discharge tube;
the first output end of the impedance transformation module is connected with the signal output end, and the second output end of the impedance transformation module is connected to the grounding end.
7. The lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of claim 6, wherein the impedance transformation module further comprises: the first strand of enameled wire, the second strand of enameled wire and the third strand of enameled wire are used for realizing different impedance transformation; wherein,
the splicing of multiple enameled wires includes, but is not limited to: the first strand of enameled wire, the second strand of enameled wire and the third strand of enameled wire are uniformly wound on the magnetic ring for 12 circles side by side;
a first outgoing line of the first strand of enameled wire is used as a first input end of the impedance transformation module; a first outgoing line of the second strand of enameled wire is used as a second input end of the impedance transformation module; a first outgoing line of the third strand of enameled wire is used as a first output end of the impedance transformation module; and the second outgoing line of the first strand of enameled wire, the second outgoing line of the second strand of enameled wire and the second outgoing line of the third strand of enameled wire are twisted together and are jointly used as a second output end of the impedance conversion module.
8. The lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of claim 6, wherein the magnetic loop is a nickel zinc ferrite soft magnetic loop.
9. The lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of claim 1, wherein the second discharge unit is a two-stage ceramic gas discharge tube and is directly soldered in parallel between the signal output terminal and the ground terminal.
10. A lightning protected wideband antenna impedance transformer comprising:
the lightning protected impedance transformation circuit of any one of claims 1 to 9 and a case with threaded input and output holes; wherein,
the first signal input end, the second signal input end and the grounding end are fixed on the box shell through threaded holes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921186192.4U CN211579593U (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection and broadband antenna impedance converter |
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| CN201921186192.4U CN211579593U (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Impedance transformation circuit for lightning protection and broadband antenna impedance converter |
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