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CN211567212U - 透气防水多层皮革材料及产品 - Google Patents

透气防水多层皮革材料及产品 Download PDF

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CN211567212U
CN211567212U CN201920948821.6U CN201920948821U CN211567212U CN 211567212 U CN211567212 U CN 211567212U CN 201920948821 U CN201920948821 U CN 201920948821U CN 211567212 U CN211567212 U CN 211567212U
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layer
leather
breathable
waterproof
multilayer
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X·马特·科迪纳
C·R·贝尔
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Matt Products & Technologies
Mat Product and Technology SL
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种透气防水多层皮革材料，包含一层天然皮革(10)或胶原皮革，这一层包含了打孔(11)和/或微型打孔(11)，并浸渍在疏水剂中，通过不层压的方式用耐水解的粘合剂粘合，形成防水透气层(20)以防止透水，并允许空气通过。本申请还涉及包含上述透气防水多层皮革材料的产品。

Description

透气防水多层皮革材料及产品
技术领域
本实用新型所涉及的是一种多层材料透气防水皮革材料，其允许空气和蒸汽通过，但阻止水的穿透。该多层材料可用于生产制造所有类型的服装、背包、公文包或地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰产品。
背景技术
鞣制皮革广泛应用于服装、背包和地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰等的生产。
当皮革缺少保护性表面处理时，被称为花皮。花皮部分性透气，并表现出很高的吸水性，当接触到水时会湿，并有透水性。
当皮革带有保护性表面处理(例如聚氨酯清漆)时，它增加了防水功能，但失去了透气功能，从而可用于室外防水。
皮革打孔或微型打孔可改善其透气性，特别是带有保护性表面处理的皮革。但在这种情况下，水可穿透打孔孔洞，因此皮革会失去其防水特性。
ES2142620T3号文件描述了一只带透气防水鞋底的鞋，该鞋底包括一个穿孔鞋底、一个防水透气层，以及一个拟用透气材料或已打孔的鞋垫，在这里皮革可作为一种选择。
EP0619959A1号文件同样描述了一个透气防水的鞋底，和上一个例子非常相似。
不论是使用具有吸水性的花皮，还是使用带有保护性表面处理的皮革，由于打孔或微型打孔穿透了这种保护性的涂层，并将皮革无遮蔽地暴露在上述穿孔或微型穿孔所形成的内侧壁，在这两种已知的解决办法中，皮革层可吸水，但会而引起皮革的水肿、变形和异味。
此外，由于毛细现象的效果，打孔或微型打孔应用在皮革等吸水材料中，会使静置在表面的水滴被吸收到穿孔的内部。
实用新型内容
本实用新型涉及一种透气防水的多层皮革材料，根据其已了解的结构，包括下列不以单层形式存在的由耐水解粘合剂粘合的附加层和粘合层，这些粘合剂以非层压方式粘合，即可透气、不作为一个连续层，还包括以下层：
·一层天然皮革或胶原皮革，这一层包含了打孔和/或微型打孔，以增加其透气性；
·一层防水透气材料，以防止透水，并允许空气通过；
耐水解粘合剂是一种在与水或湿物接触时不会降解的粘合剂，其非层压的措施是为避免在粘合层之间形成的粘合剂薄膜，阻挡其材料的透气性。
为了保持其透气性，这种粘合剂可以用点、线条等形式进行处理，也可以用粉末、颗粒或滴珠的形式散落在所粘合的某一层上，以便随后通过热能、压力或活性剂等方式启动，从而产生粘合作用。
天然皮革是从动物皮中经过加工制成的皮革，而胶原皮革是一种性质和外观与动物源或其他来源加工生产的天然皮革相同或相似的产品。
例如，胶原皮革的生产所需的胶原可利用从天然皮革回收中获得，也可利用通过培养改变基因的细胞获得。
防水透气材料层防止流动液体渗透，但允许空气和水蒸气通过。例如，可以通过一个多孔层来做到这一点，孔洞的大小比水滴的小几千倍，但比水蒸汽分子的大小大几百倍。
防水透气材质层的水蒸汽渗透率最好等于或大于475克/立方厘米，在提交本申请之日有效的BS 7209:1990条例可以衡量这些数值。
同样考虑到这一防水材料层的水流阻力在2分钟以内至少为10psi或以上，在提交本申请之日，有效的ISO 811:2018条例就可以衡量这些数值。
将防水透气层和打孔/微型打孔皮革相结合，可提供一种所有的组成部分在具有透气性的同时兼具防水性的透气材料，且防水层将防止水通过多层皮革材料渗透。
本实用新型提出了下列在技术状态下鲜为人所知的特性。
建议用疏水剂浸渍皮革层，以防止通过打孔和(或)微型打孔吸收水或其他液体，并防止通过上述打孔和(或)微型打孔造成的吸收水的毛细现象。
上述疏水剂可在鞣制过程中浸渍于皮革上。
这种疏水剂在制革过程中或在制革过程结束时可浸渍在皮革中，或在生产中浸渍于胶原皮革上。
疏水剂的浸渍可大大减少或完全消除皮革的吸水性带来的影响，但通过打孔和(或)微型打孔可依旧保持其透气性和渗透性。
硅酮可作为建议疏水剂。
由于皮革层是用疏水剂处理的，因此，皮革层具有疏水性，可以使用不带表面涂层的花皮，从而保持花皮的特征外观的同时不受这种皮质吸水性的影响。
这层皮革最好是使用疏水添加剂来达到吸水率低于10％，或毛细现象吸收水平低于1厘米/小时的效果，这与等效未用疏水剂浸渍的皮革层相比，在提交本申请之日，有效的ISO 2417条例就可以衡量这些数值。
根据另一项拟议的操作，皮革层可以在其相对面加一层表面涂层，用防水材料粘着。这种表面涂层通常用于让皮革防水，提高其耐受性或审美性。但在本案例中，皮革已做到防水，打孔和(或)微型打孔的存在将消除其表面涂层的防水效果。因此，在这里表面涂层的主要作用不是为了防水，而是为了美学和耐用。
例如，聚氨酯清漆可作为表面涂层。
此外，还提议用石墨烯刺激剂浸渍皮革层。传统意义上，通过在皮革鞣制过程中使用铬，可以提高皮革的抗磨损性和抗断性，这种添加剂由于毒性高而被普遍禁止。无论是在天然皮革鞣制过程中还是在鞣制之后，或是在胶原皮革生产过程中，石墨烯应用在皮革上都大大提高了皮革的抗磨损性和抗断性。以石墨烯为基础的添加剂是一种可被吸收到皮革中的添加剂，其中含有的石墨烯残余可渗透到皮革内部与其结合在一起来强化这种处理效果。
这使得这种多层材料能够应用于因磨损或破损而严重消耗的地方，比如可用于制衣，例如外套、裤子或用于自行车、摩托车、滑雪等的手套，或用于相似的物品，或用于可携带很大重量的背包、手提箱或手提包。
皮革层也可以用红外线反射剂浸渍。这样可以降低材料在暴露于太阳时的温度，降低其在这种情况下的过热现象。
此外，还提议增加一层用不吸水和透气材料的加固层，这一层用耐水解的粘合剂粘合，这种粘合剂可以通过不层压的方式实现透气效果，使皮革层与加固层之间保持防水和透气效果。
这一加固层不应改变整体的透气和防水特性，但将保护可透气的防水层不受可能会改变其防水能力的磨损、刮擦、破损等影响。
另外一种建议是插入一层可透气不吸水材料的三维编织层，并用耐水解粘合剂粘合，这种粘合剂以非层压形式固定以期保持其透气性，将防水透气材料层保持在皮革层和三维织物层之间。
这一三维织物层将为由此产生的多层材料提供额外的垫护作用，将保护防水透气层，并允许空气在其内部流动，从而改善多层材料的透气性。
三维织物是一种按照三维模式编织纤维的织物，在每一点采集的纤维的厚度都大于在该点使用的纤维的总厚度，在该织物内留有空隙，并使之产生较大容积。
根据另一种计划实现的结果，多层材料中至少有一个电阻，而这个电阻与一电力源相连。这一特性使得多层材料能够获得加热效果或加热器。
拟议的多层材料可用于：手包、背包、手袋、手提箱或类似物品的一部分、地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰的一部分，或服装的一部分。
在服装上，如外套、外套、裤子、鞋子或手套中使用多层皮革材料，可帮助散热和透汗，同时有防水防雨效果。石墨烯的加入改善了服装的保护机制，三维织物这种最新材料的加入改善了透气性，以及/或纳入电阻改善了寒冷气候下的热舒适性。
在背包、手提包、手袋、手提箱或类似物品中使用多层皮革材料，可以确保外部水或雨水不会淋湿其内置物品，而内置的任何水分都可以不经积聚而排出。
多层材料还可包括用粘贴在这些缝隙上的防水胶带密封的缝隙，以确保这些缝隙完全不透水。
一个手袋或手提箱内的空气冷却，例如在室外的冷却，可产生内部空气中水分的凝结。拟议的多层皮革材料的透气能力可防止水分凝结，从而使水分得以脱落。
提议的电阻可确保手袋或手提箱的内部温度在任何时候都会略高于外部温度，从而加强保证其内部不会发生任何凝结。这一点对于用于运输电子设备的包尤为重要，如果包内发生凝结，电子设备可能会受损。
使用多层皮革材料可让接触地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰的使用者感受到透气效果，特别是坐在坐垫上能帮助的腿部和背部透气。拟议材料的防水性质使该地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰产品可以清洁，也能置于户外环境。
石墨烯加入地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰材料将延长该产品的使用寿命，三维织物的使用使其能够在温暖的气候中获得更大的热舒适度，成为更软、更舒适的材料。
在这种多层材料中加入抗性将有助于地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰产品发热，以期在寒冷的气候中提供更大的舒适度。
本实用新型的其他特征将在以下实例的详细说明中出现。
附图简述
将通过以下实例详细说明关于所附图纸，以期更充分地了解上述和其他优点及特点，这些图纸应以说明性而非限制性的方式使用：
图1示出三层或多层皮革材料的分解图。
图2示出一部分多层皮革材料的分解图，这是另一种由三层和一个以丝状弯曲的形式放置的电阻组成的功能，其被置于透气防水层和加固层之间。
具体实施方式
所附图表提供了一些介绍本实用新型的说明性非限制性特点的实例。
一个理想的实现本实用新型的例子，建议从以下层开发一种透气防水多层皮革材料，
一层天然皮革10在加工处理中被用硅酮酯浸渍，以使其具有疏水特性，随后用微孔铸模11进行微型穿孔。
或者，在进行微孔之前，天然皮革层10的一面可施加聚氨酯清漆的表面涂层12。还可选择用石墨烯刺激剂来处理皮革层10，以增加其耐磨性和耐损度。
由此产生的皮革层10将通过微孔11透气，因做过疏水处理不会透水，不过水可能会从微孔透过所以不防水。然而，经过处理后的皮革具有高疏水的特性，这将减少或防止通过微型缝隙产生毛细现象的效果。
构成多层皮革材料的另几层包括防水透气材料层20，其允许空气和蒸汽通过，但防止液体水穿透。
例如，这一透气防水层20可以配备一多孔层，孔的大小比水滴的小数千倍，但比水蒸汽分子的大小大几百倍。在这种大小范围内，多孔将允许蒸汽通过，并能防止水滴通过。
此外，第三层还将被纳入多层材料，以覆盖保护防水透气材料层20。这一额外层可以是非吸收性和透气材料的保护层30，也可以是非吸收性和透气的三维织物层。
此外，还可考虑在拟议的多层材料层中采用一个以弹性电缆形式的电阻40，如图形2所示。将这种电阻40可与和电池一样的电力来源连接起来，将以分布方式产生热能。如例子所示，这种电阻可以是一种蛇形电缆。
所有多层皮革材质层都是通过耐水解粘合剂相互重叠和粘合的，也就是说，它们不会随着水或蒸汽而降解。且这种粘合剂是非层压形式的，即它不会像薄膜那样在涂层之间扩散而造成透气的障碍。
建议粘合剂以喷雾的形式散开，待整个表面上形成相互分离的滴或微滴后，将所粘层立即粘在一起，然后再进行涂层的组装。
另一种办法是将粘合剂以粉末的形式在一处粘合面散开，随后朝上放置粘合层，并将粘合面粘合，然后将其穿过砑光机以激活粘合的粉末颗粒来达到粘合效果。
还有一种办法：以一种可控制的方式将粘合的滴状或间隔条放在可粘贴的整个表面上。
上述任何解决办法或其他解决办法都将提供全面积的粘合，但将防止粘合剂成为拟议的多层材料透气的障碍。
即使没有以明确的形式说明两者的结合，一种实现中所描述的构成实用新型的不同部分可以自由地与其他不同成果中所描述的部分相结合，条件是这样的结合不会造成任何损害。

Claims (13)

1.一种透气防水多层皮革材料，包括以下用耐水解粘合剂粘合的多个层，所述粘合剂能够通过不层压的方式实现透气效果：
天然皮革层(10)或胶原皮革层，其包括这该层的打孔(11)和/或微型打孔(11)，以增加其透气性；
防水透气层(20)，用以避免透水，而允许透气；
其特征在于，皮革层(10)浸渍在疏水剂中以防止通过打孔(11)和/或微型打孔(11)吸水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层皮革材料，其中疏水剂为硅酮。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层皮革材料，其中皮革层(10)在其相对面设置有表面涂层(12)，通过防水透气材料粘连。
4.根据权利要求3所述的多层皮革材料，其中表面涂层(12)材料为聚氨酯清漆。
5.根据上述任一权利要求所述的多层皮革材料，其中皮革层(10)浸渍的为石墨烯刺激剂。
6.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多层皮革材料，还包括一层透气不吸水材料的加固层(30)，通过水解粘合剂粘合，并以不层压的方式实现透气效果，使皮革层(10)与加固层(30)之间保持防水和透气效果。
7.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多层皮革材料，还包括一层可透气不吸水材料的三维编织层，并通过耐水解粘合剂粘合，该粘合剂以非层压形式固定以保持其透气性，防水透气层(20)保持在皮革层(10)和三维织物层之间。
8.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多层皮革材料，其中多层中至少有一个电阻(40)，且该电阻与一电力源相连。
9.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多层皮革材料，还包括粘合防潮物质。
10.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多层皮革材料，其中皮革层(10)有被红外线反射剂浸渍。
11.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多层皮革材料，其中：
与非疏水剂浸渍处理后的皮革层相比，疏水剂浸渍处理后的皮革层吸水率低于10％，和/或
与非疏水剂浸渍处理后的皮革层相比，疏水剂浸渍处理后的皮革层毛细现象吸收水平低于1厘米/小时，和/或
防水透气层(20)水蒸汽渗透性为475克/平方米或以上；和/或
防水透气层(20)水流阻力在2分钟以内至少为10psi或以上。
12.根据上述任何一项要求所述的多层皮革材料，应用于包括从衣物、地毯织造/室内帘幔装饰、手包、背包、手袋、手提箱中选出的产品。
13.根据权利要求12所述的多层皮革材料包括用粘附在这些缝隙上的防水胶带密封的缝隙。
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